The effect of a topographic high on the morphological stability of a two-inlet bay system

The cross-sectional stability of two tidal inlets connecting the same back-barrier lagoon to the ocean is investigated. The condition for equilibrium is the cross-sectional area tidal prism relationship. In an earlier study [Van de Kreeke, J., 1990. Can multiple inlets be stable? Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 30: 261–273.], using the same equilibrium condition, it was concluded that where two inlets connect the same basin to the ocean ultimately one inlet will close. One of the major assumptions in that study was that the water level in the basin fluctuated uniformly. In hindsight this assumption might be too restrictive. For example, in the Wadden Sea the back barrier lagoon consists of a series of basins, rather than one single basin, separated by topographic highs. These topographic highs limit but do not exclude the exchange of water between the sub-basins. For this reason in the present study, a topographic high in the form of a weir was added, separating the back-barrier lagoon in two sub-basins. The water level in the sub-basins, rather than in the back-barrier as a whole, is assumed to fluctuate uniformly. For this schematization the hydrodynamic equations are solved using a finite difference method. The results, together with the equilibrium condition, yield the equilibrium flow curve for each of the inlets. The intersections of the two equilibrium flow curves represent combinations of cross-sectional areas for which both inlets are in equilibrium. The stability of the equilibriums was investigated using a non-linear stability analysis resulting in a flow diagram. Calculations were carried out for different inlet and weir characteristics. Sinussoidal tides were the same for both inlets. The results show that for relatively large wetted cross-sectional areas over the topographic high, approaching the situation of a single basin, there are no combinations of inlet cross-sectional areas for which both inlets are in a stable equilibrium. This supports the conclusion in the earlier study. For relatively small wetted cross-sectional areas over the topographic high there is one set of stable equilibriums. In that case the two-inlet bay system approaches that of two single-inlet bay systems.     

Dynamic motion and tension of marine cables being laid during velocity change of mother vessels

Flexible segment model （FSM） is adopted for the dynamics calculation of marine cable being laid. In FSM, the cable is divided into a number of flexible segments, and nonlinear governing equations are listed according to the moment equilibriums of the segments. Linearization iteration scheme is employed to obtain the numerical solution for the governing equations. For the cable being laid, the payout rate is calculated from the velocities of all segments. The numerical results are shown of the dynamic motion and tension of marine cables being laid during velocity change of the mother vessels.     

边坡安全系数的研究

以某港码头岸坡设计为例,利用极限平衡法和塑性极限分析法对边坡安全系数进行理论分析和对比研究,改进了港口地区岸坡稳定性的计算方法,并通过分析证明了十字板剪切强度指标在实际应用中的合理性。     

变参数赤潮藻类生长模型的非线性动力分析研究

在对一个营养盐和赤潮藻类摄食模型进行非线性分析的基础上,提出了含有变参数的赤潮藻类生长模型。模型中用一个周期阶跃函数来近似模拟了藻类生长率参数,并对此模型做了数值模拟。结果表明,引入变参数后的模型更能体现藻类生长的季节性特点,和实际情况符合更好。     

浮渡河口沙坝—潟湖地貌系统稳定性评价研究

沙坝—潟湖是一类持续处于动态平衡调整过程中的地貌系统,具有河口典型的生态系统和重要的科研价值。文章从物源供给特征、外部干扰特征和沙坝—潟湖系统结构特征3个方面考虑,构建了沙坝—潟湖系统稳定性评价指标模型,用于评估浮渡河河口沙坝—潟湖稳定性。结果表明：2001—2012年沙坝—潟湖稳定性明显下降,河口筑坝、围海养殖等海岸开发活动强度的增加是引起稳定性下降的主要原因。在人类干扰活动较小的阶段,沙坝—潟湖稳定性会逐步调整并趋于动态平衡,但很难恢复原始稳定状态。沙坝－潟湖海岸是海岸整治修复的重要对象,采用量化指数方法识别沙坝－潟湖海岸演化趋势,可进一步增强海岸整治修复对策合理性。     

Numerical modeling of crenulate bay shapes

A numerical model is developed to compute the shoreline planform in a crenulate bay beach. The new model combines polar and Cartesian coordinates and can be used effectively to compute a hooked zone shoreline in the lee of upcoast headland. The model is calibrated using laboratory data with an incident wave angle ranging from 25° to 60°. The results of calibration and verification suggest that the ratio of the sediment transport parameters by wave and longshore current in this model is close to unity, and the computed shoreline planforms for the hooked and unhooked zones are in good agreement with the ones measured, especially when a bay is close to static equilibrium. In addition, the bay shape calculated by the present model is similar to that given by the well-known empirical parabolic equation for a bay in static equilibrium. The process of bay shape development from a straight beach to a static equilibrium bay is studied using laboratory experiments and the present numerical model. The temporal variations in the computed longshore sediment transport at different locations within a bay beach are analyzed. From this the decrease in the sediment transport becomes apparent while a bay beach changes its shape from straight toward a state of equilibrium. Based on this experience, it may be concluded that the present numerical model can produce a temporal change in the shoreline planform of a crenulate bay beach from a transition state to static equilibrium subject to seasonal wave action.     

土钉墙支护设计的非线性有限元法

土钉墙支护是1种经济、安全、可靠的基坑支护型式。采用非线性平面应变有限元方法对土钉墙支护设计进行数值模拟。与传统的极限平衡法相比具有显著优越性。该方法将土钉与岩土介质作为1个系统研究,对十钉支护的作用机理、变形、和土钉墙内的受力进行分析,计算开挖最终阶段的变形量。与工程实例的对比检验,证实该方法的合理性。研究结论对土钉墙支护的设计与施工具有较高的应用价值。     

复杂地形下海浪数值模式的特征线计算格式

LAGFD-WAM海浪数值模式是一种第三代海浪数值模式，通过求解波数谱平衡方程，并考虑风输入、波浪破碎耗散、底摩擦耗散、波波非线性相互作用和波流相互作用等源函数，模拟波数空间下的海浪方向谱，并依此获得海浪的波高、周期和平均波向。该模式的一个显著特点是采用特征线嵌入格式求解海浪的传播。在进行浅水区域的海浪模拟时，特征线嵌入格式的数值计算方案是否合理对海浪数值模拟结果产生直接的影响。为此LAGFD-WAM海浪数值模式提出了一种新的特征线混合数值计算格式，并应用于浅水海浪数值模拟。结果表明，采用该计算方法，能够使数值模拟结果与实测结果很好符合。     

基于OLI多光谱遥感影像的八所港浅海水深反演

为了解决传统全局模型应用遥感影像反演水深的不足,提出地理自适应模型应用于八所港Landsat-8 OLI多光谱卫星影像。采用归一化水体指数进行水陆分离,在产生模拟数据时,为保证数据的合理性,对光谱灰度值进行自然对数求解。地理自适应模型将整个区域细分为5个小的区域单元,模型参数是自适应变化的,一般数学形式与传统全局模型一样。通过反演15m以浅的水深,发现光谱中对水体的敏感波段出现"红移";水深反演结果证明地理自适应模型有效地缓和了全局传统模型在底质类型和水体性质空间不均匀的问题,水深反演精度得到明显提高,并控制在1m以内。     

Morphodynamic modelling of open-sea tidal channels eroded into a sandy seabed, with reference to the channel systems on the China coast

In this contribution, the morphodynamics of open-sea tidal channels eroded into sandy seabed in regions of flow constriction is simulated by a one-dimensional model using the Bagnold formula for bedload transport rate, and accounting for the effect of bed slope. The results show that equilibrium conditions for such channels can be reached over a period of 10²–10³ years. Sediment eroded from the channel floor is transported in the direction of the dominant current, and deposited beyond the regions of flow constriction where the current looses competence due to spreading. In this way, the material remobilized from older strata in the channels is deposited in younger sand banks near the channel heads. Where several successive channels are incised along the current axis, they interact in their morphological evolution. The morphodynamic equilibrium of a tidal channel is reached once the combined interacting sedimentological and hydrodynamic factors, such as sediment particle diameter, tidal current velocity and flood/ebb dominance, are balanced. The model output shows that the equilibrium shape of the tidal channels appears to be related mainly to flow field characteristics and, to a lesser extent, to particle size. A positive correlation exists between the depth of the channels and their response times. The equilibrium water depths of the channels are more sensitive to current speed than to either particle size or the time–velocity asymmetry of the flow field. The response times for overall morphological equilibrium are sensitive to all of the above-mentioned parameters. In particular, sediment characteristics associated with critical current velocities have far-reaching effects on the morphodynamic behaviour of tidal channels.     

基于标准差准则的海底三维地形模型构建

针对现有三角剖分需要投影到平面,局部优化时属性丢失的问题,本文采用一种顾及水深属性的三角剖分准则——标准差准则进行三角剖分,并且讨论了标准差的含义、标准差的计算以及标准差准则的描述.根据标准差准则,实现了一种基于标准差差则的海底三维地形模型构建方法.实验结果表明该方法提高了三角剖分的合理性,模型重建的细节与精确程度更高...     

基于最小二乘支持向量机的声速空间变化模型构建

建立声速空间变化模型是解决声速剖面代表性误差的有效方法。在对不同声速剖面进行标准化处理的基础上,通过声速训练样本及核函数的选取,提出并实现了一种基于最小二乘支持向量机算法的声速空间变化模型构建方法。为了检验该方法的有效性,选取实测的声速剖面数据进行验证,结果表明该方法能有效地构建声速空间变化模型,从而消除或最大限度地削弱声速剖面代表性误差。     

基于多态模糊贝叶斯网络的半潜平台安装风险分析

针对半潜式平台安装作业风险评估中存在的风险多态性和模糊性问题,构建了一种多态模糊贝叶斯网络风险分析模型。根据行业规范推荐标准定义语言性评价模糊集,描述根节点的事故状态发生概率,克服了传统方法中确定性概率难以获取的困难。利用相似性聚合法结合置信度指标融合专家意见,引入改进的去模糊化转换方法,提高了专家知识经验转化为定量数据的合理性和可靠性。基于贝叶斯网络的双向推理和敏感性分析技术,实现了工程作业全过程的风险评估。通过对陵水17-2项目半潜平台整体吊装过程进行风险分析,验证该模型的合理性与有效性,为半潜平台安装作业风险管理与防控策略制定提供指导。     

Development and Extension of An Aggregated Scale Model: Part 1–Background to ASMITA

Whilst much attention has been given to models that describe wave, tide and sediment transport processes in sufficient detail to determine the local changes in bed level over a relatively detailed representation of the bathymetry, far less attention has been given to models that consider the problem at a much larger scale(e.g. that of geomorphological elements such as a tidal flat and tidal channel). Such aggregated or lumped models tend not to represent the processes in detail but rather capture the behaviour at the scale of interest. One such model developed using the concept of an equilibrium concentration is the Aggregated Scale Morphological Interaction between Tidal basin and Adjacent coast(ASMITA). In this paper we provide some new insights into the concepts of equilibrium, and horizontal and vertical exchange that are key components of this modelling approach. In a companion paper, we summarise a range of developments that have been undertaken to extend the original model concept, to illustrate the flexibility and power of the conceptual framework. However, adding detail progressively moves the model in the direction of the more detailed process-based models and we give some consideration to the boundary between the two.Highlights ? The concept of aggregating model scales is explored and the basis of the ASMITA model is outlined in detail; ? The relationship between dispersion as used in fast-scale process-based models and the horizontal exchange used in aggregated models is explored; ? The basis for formulating suitable equilibrium relationships is explained; ? Alternative ways to include advection and dispersion are examined.     

某型电控罗经主轴运动模型及其仿真平台的建立

某型电控罗经作为当前主要的一种提供真北基准的指向仪器,建立其多误差条件下的主轴运动模型及其仿真平台,对其进一步研究具有重要的实际意义。本文根据其工作原理,首先针对性分析速度误差、纬度误差和惯性误差的影响,建立了电控罗经陀螺仪主轴直航向等速运动数学模型;进而利用SIMULINK工具建立其仿真模型,并通过比较仿真数据与实装观测结果,验证了模型建立的合理性和准确性。     

钛胶海水提铀动力学研究Ⅱ——吸附机理的推断

海水提铀机理的研究,已逐渐受到重视,然而,至今研究还不是很深入,观点也各有差别.例如,Keen等[1]认为钛胶从海水中吸附铀是阳离子交换过程,即海水中的铀是UO₂2+离子的形式与钛胶进行交换;尾方升等[2]则倾向于阴离子吸着,即铀是以UO₂(CO₃)₃4-的形式被吸附.我们曾于1973年在海洋局系统的一次会议上提出阳离子给合交换的看法,并在后来的两次专业会议上予以补充发展.张正斌[3]认为是阳离子交换或一价阳离子失水络合.最近崔清晨[4]提出可能是UO₂(OH)₃-的络合吸附.根据几年来的工作,我们仍认为,钛胶从海水中的吸铀机理可能是一种阳离子形式的络合交换过程.     

基于云模型的海岸脆弱性评估 ——以厦门岛为例

脆弱性评估很大程度上存在着模糊性和随机性,为有效解决评估过程中定性概念与评估指标按隶属函数定量描述这一不确定转换问题,本文基于云理论本文选取海岸地貌、海岸高程、海岸坡度、海岸缓冲能力、有效波高、道路价值和建筑价值为指标,构建了厦门岛海岸脆弱性评估指标体系,运用云模型评估手段定量测度了厦门岛海岸脆弱性空间分异特征。评估结果与客观情况比较吻合,检验了指标体系的合理性和评估模型的适用性。本文提出了海岸脆弱性综合评估模型,实用有效,可以推广到与厦门岛类似的区域,为海岸管理及规划提供科学指导。     

G882光泵磁力仪静态噪声水平检验与分析

G882光泵磁力仪主要用于海洋磁探作业,也常常作为地磁日变观测仪器使用。无论哪种工作需要,使用前都应对仪器稳定性测试,借此了解仪器性能和工作指标。依据相关技术规范和计算方法,结合多年野外日变实测资料,可对该型磁力仪基本性能指标的静态噪声进行计算检验与统计,同时分析环境、数据来源等外部因素对计算结果的影响程度,综合评价此项性能指标限值的合理性。     

海流作用下海底管道局部冲刷数值分析

在任意拉格朗日-欧拉参考坐标系下,采用基于雷诺平均的Navier-Stokes方程组(RANS)、流线迎风有限元方法、泥沙输运模型以及底床变形方程,对海流引起的海底管道局部冲刷进行了数值模拟。着重讨论了均匀来流流速和海底管道直径对局部冲刷发展过程及平衡冲刷深度的影响作用。数值结果表明,在冲刷的初始阶段,冲刷深度随时间迅速增加,之后缓慢逼近极限平衡深度;在管径一定的情况下,管道附近的局部平衡冲刷深度与流速大致呈线性关系;当流速超过某一临界区域后,最大平衡冲刷深度出现的位置并不在管道正下方,而是随流速的增加向管道下游方向移动;另外,管道直径也会对平衡冲刷深度产生比较明显的影响,在相同流速下,平衡冲刷深度大致随管径呈线性增大。在本文的计算范围内,海底管道的相对局部平衡冲刷深度基本随雷诺数线性增加,但流速对冲刷深度的影响作用要比管径的影响作用更为明显。     

完全非线性波浪与二维固定结构物作用的IGN-BEM耦合分析模型

为高效准确地对完全非线性波浪与二维固定结构物的相互作用进行模拟分析,建立了二维完全非线性时域耦合模型。耦合模型将计算域划分为靠近结构物的内域和远离结构物的外域,每个区域均采用满足完全非线性自由水面边界条件的波浪模型进行求解。在内域使用Laplace方程描述流体运动并采用高阶边界元法（BEM）对其进行求解;而在没有结构物的外域,波浪运动的控制方程为Irrotational Green-Naghdi（IGN）方程并采用有限元法（FEM）对其进行求解。内域和外域通过一段重叠区域进行耦合,从而实现模型间变量的传递。首先利用耦合模型分别对规则波的传播、直墙前立波的生成以及相关物理模型试验进行模拟,数值结果与精确解和试验结果的良好吻合验证了耦合模型耦合方式的合理性以及处理非线性问题的准确性;然后使用耦合模型模拟分析了波浪与固定结构物间的相互作用,并将结果与线性解析解以及完全非线性BEM模型的结果进行了对比分析,进一步证明了耦合模型的正确性与高效性。