小太平山油砂油地球化学及生物降解特征

采用小太平山同一层位不同深度且连续的油砂样品,对油砂油的地球化学及生物降解特征进行分析。小太平山油砂油在生物降解作用下产生了丰富的25-降霍烷,常规藿烷和甾烷也发生了一系列变化。由于分子结构和稳定性不同,抗降解能力不同,C_(21)/C_(23)三环萜烷、伽马蜡烷/C_(30)藿烷、Ts/Tm、C_(30)重排藿烷/C_(30)藿烷值、αααC_(27)R/αααC_(29)R、C_(28)αααR/C_(29)αααR、C_(29)ααα20R/αββ20S、C_(29)ααα20R/αββ20R、C_(27)重排甾烷/(规则甾烷+重排甾烷)、常规藿烷异构体降解为25-降霍烷的比例,均反映出油砂油的生物降解程度随深度的增加而增大。小太平山油砂油随含水饱和度的增加降解程度增大,证实地层水有利于细菌类微生物的迁移、营养物质的传递,促进原油的生物降解及25-降霍烷的产生。     

塔河原油调兑及相关经济效益分析

西北石油局目前主要油田有塔河、西达里亚、阿克库勒、雅克拉、大涝坝等11个油气田,生产轻质油、中质Ⅰ和中质Ⅱ档及重质油4种油品,统称为塔河原油.销售时将塔河原油分为:混合油(密度0.920 g/cm3)和重质油(密度>0.960 g/cm3)2个品种,其中混合油是由轻质、中质原油掺入塔河油田的重质原油调兑而成,剩余的为重质商品原油.混合油由中石化定价,重质油由新星公司定价. 1 塔河原油状况 油品属性、分类及销售状况 目前塔河混合原油按其特性分类,属重质高含硫、高重金属中间基含环烷烃较多的原油,表现为:原油密度高、粘度大、凝点低,残碳、沥青质…     

Biodegradation of palmarosa oil (green oil) by Serratia marcescens

Biodegradation of oil depends on the nature of the oil, the type of microbial community and a variety of environmental factors. Green oils are being used as consumer goods and as raw materials in industries such as food processing, pharmaceutical and cosmetic. Microbial contaminations of green oils have been the cause of degradation problems. Serratia Marcessens produced cytochrome oxidase, catalase, Dextrose, Lactose, Manose and sorbitol enzymes were the main reason for the degradation af palmarosa oil. Changes of colour and turbidity was also the evidence for green oil degradation by bacteria. More oxygen included protons (0-CH²) group was produced in the presence of bacterial species and the addition of oxygen took place during bacterial degradation of palmarosa oil. The biodegradation of palmarosa oil by Serratia marcescens have been carried out using High Performance Liquid Chromatography, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Nuclear Magnetic spectroscopy analysis. Carboxyl group present in the palmorasa oil is utilised as a sole carbon sources for the Serratia marcescens.     

Bromine as an indicator of oil migration in northern Iraqi oil fields

The Br content of oil varies systematically along the paths of oil migration in northern Iraqi oil fields, indicating that this element may be used as an indicator of oil movement. The variation in Br parallels that of V and Ni, and like these two elements it is concentrated in the asphaltene fraction of petroleum.     

Evidence for in situ methanogenic oil degradation in the Dagang oil field

In situ biotransformation of oil to methane was investigated in a reservoir in Dagang, China using chemical fingerprinting, isotopic analyzes and molecular and biological methods. The reservoir is highly methanogenic despite chemical indications of advanced oil degradation, such as depletion of n-alkanes, alkylbenzenes and light polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) fractions or changes in the distribution of several alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The degree of degradation strongly varied between different parts of the reservoir, ranging from severely degraded to nearly undegraded oil compositions. Geochemical data from oil, water and gas samples taken from the reservoir are consistent with in situ biogenic methane production linked to aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon degradation. Microcosms were inoculated with production and injection waters in order to characterize these processes in vitro. Subsequent degradation experiments revealed that autochthonous microbiota are capable of producing methane from ¹³C labelled n-hexadecane or 2-methylnaphthalene and suggest that further methanogenesis may occur from the aromatic and polyaromatic fractions of Dagang reservoir fluids. The microbial communities from produced oil–water samples were composed of high numbers of microorganisms (on the order to 10⁷), including methane producing Archaea within the same order of magnitude. In summary, the investigated sections of the Dagang reservoir may have significant potential for testing the viability of in situ conversion of oil to methane as an enhanced recovery method and biodegradation of the aromatic fractions of the oil may be an important methane source.     

Passive oil collection device

A novel, efficient, economical oil collection device, which recovers oils from surface waters using physical principles has been demonstrated. This method has never been used in oil skimmers. The device contains a water-filled vessel open at one end that is positioned above the spilled oil so that the oil entrance opening is leveled with the oil layer on the water surface. The oil moves upward into the vessel displacing the water due to the lower density of the oil. The device has no moving parts. Torricelli’s discovery and Pascal’s law govern containment of the liquid in the vessel above the water level, while Archimedes’ buoyancy force moves oil in the vessel. A collection of thick and thin oil layers on calm water has been shown. This device is very durable, environmentally friendly, recovers pure oil, emits no noise, no pollution, and capable of producing a broad economic impact in the oil clean-up industry by protecting health, life, and the environment.     

The Norwegian oil economy

In a previous issue of Geojournal, Stenstadvold (1977) discussed the regional and structural effects of North Sea oil in Norway. Stenstadvold's article gave a detailed account of the oil-related industries and service bases on the Norwegian coast and their location. Since few changes have taken place in this location pattern since 1977, it is not discussed here. The aim of this article is to discuss the reasoning underlying present Norwegian oil policy and to give an account of the arguments relating to future pipeline systems, exploration and production aims, and their possible regional and structural effects. The development of licencing, exploration and field development since 1977 is discussed, and the effects on employment and foreign economy are analysed.     

甘肃樊家川油田延9油层储层沉积微相分析

储层微相研究是油田开发后期储层非均质性精细表征及剩余油分布规律研究的重要内容.笔者从岩心资料分析入手，按照成因相→成因相组合与成因分析→测井微相模式→单井测井相分析→平面微相分析的思路，对樊家川油田延9油层河流相储层进行微相细分研究，归纳出沉积微相平面展布特征，为油田开发及剩余油分布规律研究提供重要信息。     

Electron paramagnetic resonance studies of oil shale,shale oil,and spent shale

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) reveals the presence of free radicals in raw shale, shale oil, and spent shale. Thirty-four samples of raw shale, and the spent shale and shale oil produced in the Fischer assay of these raw shale samples were studied. There is a significant correlation between the gallons per ton oil yield as estimated by Fischer assay and the spin density in the raw oil shale. However, the scatter in the data (due to uncertainties in sample preparation, Fischer assay results, and estimation of spins per gram of sample) limits the analytical utility of this finding. Sample preparation techniques affect the EPR signal.     

薛岔地区长6油层组油水分布特征研究

目的通过分析研究,厘清研究区长6储层油水分布特征。方法顺延砂体走向和垂直砂体走向分别制作两条油藏剖面图,通过对剖面图详细分析,得出目的层油水分布规律。结果研究区砂体呈条带状展布,纵向上层间非均质性较强,油层厚度较薄,厚度变化较快。结论研究区长6储层油水接触关系正常,但油水分异程度差,油水同层现象普遍,纯油层较少,差油层、油水同层较为发育,并且油水相变迅速,以连片层状或透镜体状为主。     

Integrated oil exploration decision systems

The fully integrated, analytical decision system can be developed for petroleum exploration. Such a system would use conditional probability estimates of wildcat drilling success, based on biologic variables. These probabilities can be combined with financial analyses to produce Assessments of optimum exploration strategies.This paper was presented at Symposium 116.3, Quantitative Strategy for Exploration, held as part of the 25th International Geological Congress, Sydney, Australia, August 1976.     

Petroporphyrins in Gaosheng crude oil

China's Gaosheng crude oil is characterized as being high in nickel and low in vanadium. Nickel porphyrins were extracted with dimetrylformamide, concentrated by absorption chromatography and demetallized with methylsulfonic acid. The concentrate of demetallized porphyrins was then separated by centrifugal thin-layer chromatography, in which DPEP, ETIO, Di-DPEP, Rhdo-ETIO, Rhdo-DPEP and Rhodo-Di-DPEP types of porphyrin were identified by mass spectrometry and UV-VIS spectroscopy. The possible geochemical pathways from DPEP to Di-DPEP and from Di-DPEP to Rhodo-DPEP series are discussed.     

Seismic stimulation of oil reservoirs

Experimental studies of energy balance in low-field seismic stimulation of oil recovery show that producing formations can change their properties at the expense of internal energy activated by the applied seismic load. The suggested stimulation mechanism is based on the effect of low-amplitude waves on plastic strain in the formation as the latter becomes moved off its thermodynamic equilibrium by the production process. The suggested model explains many effects known from experiments which result from interplay of different physical processes.