Mechanism on bipolar distribution of Permian brachiopods

By reasearch on geographic distribution, nine genera in bipolar distribution are selected from Permian brachiopods. These taxa originated from middle-high latitude areas in the boreal realm, of which five genera were derived from Late Carboniferous, and other four genera originated from Permian. They were all in bipolar distribution during some different stages in Permian. Specific diversity for each genus was high in the boreal realm, whereas in the Gondwana realm was very low. Perdurability was long in the boreal realm, and short in the Gondwana realm. It was the time when these nine genera came to their maximum diversity that these genera appeared in the Gondwana and formed bipolar distribution; while they also migrated to the low latitude from high latitude. This shows very close relationship between several main cooling events in Permian and the migration of genera from the boreal realm to the Gondwana realm through the Tethys. Therefore, the cooling events might be the main drive which caused these cold-water-type brachiopods migrated to the Gondwana realm and being bipolar distribution. In this process, the planula tolerance to warm water would be another important factor.     

New material of Cordaites baodeensis Sun from Lower Permian Shanxi Formation of Baode , Shanx i

Based on the anatomical study of leaf cuticles of Cordaites from the Lower Permian Shanxi Formation in Baode of Shanxi, the author analysed the epidermal characters of Cordaites in this area. On the base of the abundant compressions and laboratory studies, the author complemented some new data of the cuticular characters of the species Cordaites baodeensis Sun for its study of taxonomy. Meanwhile, the author newly discovered a number of sporopollen fossils associated with the mega-plants of Cordaitales, described 9 species of 6 genera. The palynological data can provide a supp lement evidence for defining the age of C. baodeensis and its associated plants to be Early Permian.     

山东淄博地区晚石炭世一早二叠世植物群特征

山东淄博地区晚石炭世和早二叠世植物化石经笔者鉴定,计有37属104种。本文对当前植物群的组成和性质进行了分析,论证了植物群显示的古气候条件。当前植物群可划分为三个植物组合,即晚石炭世斯氏鳞木—卵脉羊齿 Lepidodendron szeianum—Neuropteris ovata 组合、早二叠世早期中国瓣轮叶—尖头带羊齿 Lobatannularia sinensis—Taeniopteris mucronata 组合和早二叠世晚期三角织羊齿—椭圆斜羽叶 Emplectopteris triangularis—Plagiozamites oblongifolius 组合。     

Lopingian mixed floras from Linxi Formation in Soron area， Inner Mongolia

A lot of well-preserved plants from the Linxi Formation are collected in the Soron area,Inner Mongo- lia,consisting of 34 species of 16 genera． They are Late Permian in age． The flora is characterized by a lot of Angaran plants,such as Paracalamites,Comia,Ｒhachiphyllum,Iniopteris,Ｒufloria,etc． Some Cathaysian ele- ments,such as Lobatannularia lingulata,L． multifolia,Fascipteris Cathaysiantus,F． densata,Taeniopteris szei,Cladophlebis liulinensis and C． permica,are also mixed within the present flora． This indicates that the So- ron of Inner Mongolia was located in the sector between the Angaran and Cathysian floristic provinces in Loping- ian． It is beneficial for depicting the location and the evolution of the Solenker--Xar Moron suture zone in the phytogeographic view． The transmigration of tropical and subtropical Cathaysian plants to the north indicates that the Paleoasian Ocean was closed during the late Permian along the suture zone．     

Distribution of Different Biogeographical Tintinnids in Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea

There were different biogeographical tintinnids in the oceans. Knowledge of their distribution pattern and mixing was important to the understanding of ecosystem functions. Yellow Sea (YS) and Bohai Sea (BS) were semi-enclosed seas influenced by warm water intrusion and YS cold bottom water. The occurrence of tintinnids in YS and BS during two cruises (summer and winter) were investigated to find out: i) whether warm-water tintinnids appeared in YS and BS; ii) whether boreal tintinnids appeared in high summer; iii) the core area of neritic tintinnids and iv) how these different biogeographical tintinnids mixed. Our results showed that tintinnid community was dominated by neritic tintinnid. We confirmed the occurrence of warm-water tintinnids in summer and winter. In summer, they intruded into BS and mainly distributed in the upper 20 m where Yellow Sea Surface Warm Water (YSSWW) developed. In winter, they were limited in the surface water of central deep region (bottom depth >50 m) of YS where were affected by Yellow Sea Warm Water (YSWW). Boreal tintinnids occurred in YS in high summer (August) and in winter, while they were not observed in BS. In summer, the highest abundance of boreal tintinnids occurred in Yellow Sea Bottom Cold Water, indicating the presence of an oversummering stock. In winter, they were concentrated in the north of YSWW. Vertically, neritic tintinnids abundance was high in the bottom layers. Horizontally, high neritic tintinnids abundance in bottom layers occurred along the 50 m isobath coinciding with the position of front systems. Front systems were the core distribution area of neritic tintinnids. High abundance areas of warm-water and boreal tintinnids were clearly separated vertically in summer, and horizontally in winter. High abundance of neritic tintinnids rarely overlapped with that of warm-water or boreal tintinnids.     

Middle and Late Permian palynoflora in Tianshan Township,southeast of Bogda Mountain,Xinjiang, China

The Permian is one of the most important periods during which the vegetative earth witnessed the transition from icehouse to greenhouse climate and the global environment changes. Organisms on the planet en-countered great challenge and the demise of swamp caused the extinction of arborescent lycopods and the rising of Mesophytic plants accomplished the floral transition from the Paleophytic to Mesophytic vegetation. In order to depict the climatic changes and floral succession in the middle and high latitudes of the North Hemisphere, palynological investigation was engaged, and 40 samples collected from the uppermost of Taerlang Formation, Hongyanchi Formation and Quanzijie Formation in the Tianshan Town, Turpan-Hami Basin, eastern Xinjiang, China. The result shows that the palynoflora in the studied area is composed of 50 species of 33 genera, domi-nated by disaccites and striatiti gymnosperm pollen, and characterized by diverse Protohaploxypinus, Hamia-pollenites, Alisporites and Klausipollenites. It is quite similar to those Middle and Late Permian palynological as-semblages reported in the Dalongkou section and other localities in southern margin of Junggar Basin, and aged at Middle and Late Permian. The diversity of typical Angara and sub-Angara pollen, such as Falcisporites, Alisporites, Protohaploxypinus, Vittatina, Lunatisporites, Hamiapollenites, etc. indicates that the studied palyno-flora belonged to the sub-Angara phytoprovince, while the presence of Lueckisporites virkkiae implied Euramerica pollen intruded northward sometimes. The paleoclimate of the studied area might be warm and humid with fluc-tuated dry seasons during the late Guadalupian and early Lopingian time.     

Isolation of novel psychrophilic bacteria from Arctic sea ice

The phylogenetic diversity of cuhurable psychrophilic bacteria associated with sea ice from the high latitude regions of Canadian Basin and Chukchi Sea, Arctic, was investigated. A total of 34 psychropilic strains were isolated using three methods of （ Ⅰ ） dilution plating （ at 4 ℃ ）, （ Ⅱ ） bath culturing （ at - 1 ℃ ） and dilution plating, and （ Ⅲ） cold shock （ -20 ℃ for 24 h）, bath culturing and dilution plating under aerobic conditions. Sea-ice samples were exposed to -20 ℃ for 24 h that might reduce the number of common microorganisms and encourage outgrowth of psyehrophilic strains. This process might be able to be introduced to isolation psychrophilic bacteria from other environmental samples in future study. 16S rDNA nearly full-length sequence analysis revealed that psychrophilic strains felled in two phylo- genetic divisions, γ-proteobacteria （in the genera ColweUia,Marinobaeter、Shewanella,Glaciecola,Marinomortas and Pseudoalteromortas ） and Cytophaga-Flexibacter-Baeteroides （ Flavobacterlum and Psyehroflexus）. Fifteen of bacterial isolates quite likely represented novel species （16S rDNA sequence similarity below 98% ）. One of strains （BSi20002） from Canadian Basin showed 100% sequence similarity to that of Marinobacter sp. ANT8277 isolated from the Antarctic Weddell sea ice, suggesting bacteria may have a bipolar distribution at the species level.     

河南登封二叠纪煤系地层植物化石组合

依据化石的层位分布和组成内容，登封二叠纪煤系地层植物群由下而上可划分为三个植物化石组合带：１．早二叠世中期山西组Ｅｍｐｌｅｃｔｏｐｔｅｒｉｓｔｒｉａｎｇｕｌａｒｉｓ－Ｔａｅｎｉｏｐｔｅｒｉｓｍｕｌｔｉｎｅｒｖｉｓａｓ－ｓｅｍｂｌａｇｅｚｏｎｅ；２．早二叠世晚期下石盒子组Ｇｉｇａｎｔｏｐｔｅｒｉｓｎｉｃｏｔｉａｎａｅｆｏｌｉａ－Ｃｈｉｒｏｐｔｅｒｉｓｒｅｎｉｆｏｒｍｉｓａｓｓｅｍｂｌａｇｅｚｏｎｅ；３．晚二叠世早期上石盒子组Ｌｏｂａｔａｎｎｕｌａｒｉａｈｅｉａｎｅｎｓｉｓ－Ｐｔｅｒｏｐｈｙｌｌｕｍｅｒａｔｕｍａｓ－ｓｅｍｂｌａｇｅｚｏｎｅ。另外，文中还讨论了这些植物组合的主要特点     

桂西乐业地区二叠系荷叶藻风暴岩的沉积特征

二叠系荷叶藻风暴岩在广西属首次发现。它广泛发育在乐业背斜构造的二叠系中。本文通过对两条典型剖面研究,论述了风暴岩的层序、沉积特征、组合类型及其分布,并探讨其沉积模式。认为:该风暴岩主要产于下二叠统栖霞组中部和茅口组底部两个层位的生物屑灰岩中,由荷叶藻及其它生物屑构成各种风暴沉积特征(如粒序层、平行层、丘状层、底面构造……),风暴沉积形成于孤立碳酸盐台地环境,并具有从台缘→台地中心、由近积风暴岩→远积风暴岩→次风暴岩分布规律。指出风暴岩的发现不仅具有沉积学意义,而且对二叠系的地层对比和藻灰岩的成因提供了依据和信息。     

内蒙古察哈尔右翼中旗大清河金矿地质特征及成因探讨

内蒙古察哈尔右翼中旗大清河金矿床类型属于变质-热液型中低温矿床,产出于太古代乌拉山群,矿石类型主要为含金硫化物石英脉和蚀变岩型金矿石。本次工作总结了矿体地质特征及分布规律;结合相关元素测试分析及相邻典型矿床地质特征,综合研究认为区内金元素的物源区主要为太古代乌拉山群,其次为岩浆岩;矿床整体形成于古生代末期至二叠纪中晚期,早期成岩成矿作用形成原始矿床或初始矿源层,晚期受二叠纪中晚期多期次热液流体影响,萃取、活化、迁移金元素形成含金热液流体,并在有利成矿部位充填沉淀,成矿严格受二叠纪花岗闪长岩中NE向及NEE向压扭性构造裂隙控制,矿体具有隐伏再现和雁列式侧伏展布特征。     

A new member of Sphenopsida,Neolobatannularia gen. nov. from Late Triassic of western Liaoning,China

A new genus Neolobatannularia Sun et Li gen. nov. with the type species Neolobatannularia liaoningensis Sun et Li sp. nov. from the Upper Triassic Yangcaogou Formation of Beipiao, Liaoning, China, is described in this paper. The new taxon is attributed to Equisetales of Sphenopsida based on its branch with internodes, node and leaves borne in whorls on nodes. It is a new member of the Mesozoic Sphenopsida. Although the new taxon shares some morphological characters with the genus Lobatannularia Kawasaki, a genus widely distributed in the Permian Cathaysia flora in East Asia, and the genus Lobatannulariopsis Yang from the Late Triassic of southwestern China, its unique branching pattern is markedly distinguished from the two known genera. Some Triassic known species of Lobatannularia may belong to the present new genus Neolobatannularia.     

柴达木盆地及其邻区早—中二叠世构造岩相古地理格局

通过大量野外观察、分析测试和综合研究,结合覆盖全区不同比例尺的区域地质调查资料,对柴达木盆地及其邻区早—中二叠世构造岩相古地理格局进行了研究,并探讨了其形成机制.结果表明:柴达木盆地及其邻区中、北部早—中二叠世为陆内盆山裂谷系统,主体处于伸展构造背景,总体表现为堑垒相间的构造古地理格局;南部为巴颜喀拉洋盆,早—中二叠世是巴颜喀拉洋盆扩张最为剧烈且规模最大的时期,巴颜喀拉洋盆中洋岛、海山遍布;早—中二叠世晚期强烈的华力西构造运动使古板块间的相对运动加剧,巴颜喀拉洋盆大洋岩石圈板块向北强烈俯冲,形成东昆仑陆缘岩浆弧及其南部增生带,东昆仑陆缘岩浆弧岩浆活动十分强烈,宗务隆山—西秦岭陆源裂谷盆地进一步发育,形成十分复杂的构造岩相古地理格局.早—中二叠世是研究区地球动力学机制从强烈扩张到强烈汇聚的转折时期,加强其构造岩相古地理研究对建立该区地层序列、探讨其地质演化历史以及指导找矿等均具有重要意义.     

山东聊城阿城地区含煤地层蜓类化石及其分带

山东聊城地区隐伏的晚古生代含煤地层发育,其中晚石炭—早二叠世太原组灰岩中富含类化石。由三灰、七灰、十灰共鉴定出化石11属45种,自上而下可建立1个类组合带(Pseudoschw agerina带),2个类组合亚带(Triticites paramontiparus亚带;Pseudofusulina firma-Rugosofusulina complicata亚带),该地区所产类组合与华北其他地区及国外相关组合具可比性,Pseudoschw agerina带的时代为早二叠世早期。     

扬子北缘镇巴—高川地区两类不同二叠系对比及区域构造意义

通过1∶50 000陕西镇巴—高川地区区域地质调查,发现镇巴地区和高川地区二叠系具有完全不同的岩石组合特征及生物化石,前者主要为一套稳定的碳酸盐岩相沉积,后者主要为一套较深水相黑色岩系沉积。经对典型地区实测剖面、古生物及岩石组合特征详细对比研究,发现二者虽然时代相同,但是不能横向对比,应为同期异相的产物。在综合区域地质资料基础上,探讨上述二叠系所表征的区域构造意义。两套二叠系岩相的差异性说明镇巴地区和高川地区当时曾分处在不同的沉积-构造环境:镇巴周缘以米仓山和星子山地层小区为代表的物质建造与扬子地块整体升降和海水的频繁进退密切相关,而高川周缘以褚河地层小区为代表的物质建造则更可能与早期地壳隆升、晚期地壳张裂成盆和海水贯入有关。综合区域地质资料研究认为,高川地区地层系统与勉略带地层系统相似,表明其早期与勉略带有着大致相同的构造演化史,也表明高川盆地曾经是晚古生代勉略裂谷—有限洋的一部分,只是被后期构造改造而残存于现今高川一隅。     

The Pattern and Evolution of the Permian Palaeobiogeography and Tectonic Palaeogeography in Jilin and Heilongjiang Orogenic Belt

The orogenic belt locates between the North China plate and Siberia plate. The Permian palaeobiogeography and tectonic palaeogeography changed quickly and clearly. The line from Changchun to Yanji is an important palaeobiogeographic provincing line, which may be the collission suture belt of the North China plate and north middle massifs. The orogenic belt has been divided into 2 regions: the North middle massif region and the North Margin of North China plate, the pattern and evolution of Permian palaeobiogeography in the present area were discussed and the Permian biota mixture and its significants were analysed. Then, Based on the above, the Permian tectonic palaeogeography of the orogenic belt is reconstructed.     

Lower Permian formations of different geodynamic environments in A'nyemaqen ophiolitic zone (Buqingshan Mts., eastern Kunlun, Qinghai Province, China)

Lower Permian formations within the Buqingshan Mountains (A'nyemaqen ophiolitic zone, eastern sector of the eastern Kunlun) were formed in the following paleogeodynamic environments (from north to south): (1) shelf and slope of a passive continental margin in a marginal sea; (2) partially Permian metamorphic rocks of subduclion-accretion complexes and volcanogenic rocks of an ensimatic island arc, of the age limited from above by the Asselian - Sakmarian; and (3 ) an island arc slope and oceanic trench. Subduction-accretion complexes and the island arc volcanites are overlain with a sharp angular unconformity by a carbonate-conglomerate sequence, which presents as local molasse of the Early Permian age. Based on fusulinids from the basal limestone, the age of the local molasse is first defined as the Yakhtashian-Bolorian, i.e. Artinskian-Kungurian (?). The thorough investigations revealed that the initial closure of the eastern Paleotethys within the eastern Kunlun corresponded to the Sakmarian-Yakhtashian (Artinskian) boundary, whereas in the western Paleotethys sector (Northern Pamirs) the closure occurred considerably earlier, prior to the Late Bashkirian. Thus, the idea that the Paleotethys in the eastern Kunlun reached its maximum width in the Permian, is highly questionable. During the Early Permian the A'nyemaqen branch of the Paleotethys intensely decreased. Beginning from the Bolorian (Kungurian) and up to the end of the Permian this branch represented its relict in the form of a marginal sea depression. It may be suggested that the Paleotethys closure in the A'nyemaqen took place gradually from the west to the east and covered a long period from the Late Carboniferous to the terminal Early Permian.     

Lower Permian formations of different geodynamic environments in A'nyemaqen ophiolitic zone (Buqingshan Mts., eastern Kunlun, Qinghai Province, China)

Lower Permian formations within the Buqingshan Mountains (A'nyemaqen ophiolitic zone, eastern sector of the eastern Kunlun) were formed in the following paleogeodynamic environments (from north to south): ( 1 ) shelf and slope of a passive continental margin in a marginal sea; (2) partially Permian metamorphic rocks of subduction-accretion complexes and volcanogenic rocks of an ensimatic island arc, of the age limited from above by the Asselian - Sakmarian;and (3) an island arc slope and oceanic trench. Subduction-accretion complexes and the island arc volcanites are overlain with a sharp angular unconformity by a carbonate-conglomerate sequence, which presents as local molasse of the Early Permian age. Based on fusulinids from the basal limestone, the age of the local molasse is first defined as the Yakhtashian-Bolorian, i.e. Artinskian-Kungurian (?). The thorough investigations revealed that the initial closure of the eastern Paleotethys within the eastern Kunlun corresponded to the Sakmarian-Yakhtashian (Artinskian) boundary, whereas in the western Paleotethys sector (Northern Pamirs) the closure occurred considerably earlier, prior to the Late Bashkirian.Thus, the idea that the Paleotethys in the eastern Kunlun reached its maximum width in the Permian, is highly questionable.During the Early Permian the A'nyemaqen branch of the Paleotethys intensely decreased. Beginning from the Bolorian (Kungurian) and up to the end of the Permian this branch represented its relict in the form ora marginal sea depression. It may be suggested that the Paleotethys closure in the A'nyemaqen took place gradually from the west to the east and covered a long period from the Late Carboniferous to the terminal Early Permian.     

论大巴山西段晚二叠世地层发育规律

本文介绍了陕南西乡峡口地区上二叠统地层问题,着重研究了其在大巴山西段的发育规律。据其组合类型,可划分出台地相区、台坡相区和台沟相区等三个沉积相区。对长兴期的大隆组与吴家坪组的相变问题,本文则进一步提出:在横向上,它们是同期异相;在纵向上,它们在过渡的台坡相区内表现为大隆组在上,并随着背离台地相区距离的增加,大隆组的厚度比增大。根据(竹蜒)和有孔虫的产出,对晚二叠世地层提出了分带意见,并依据岩性、岩相、古生物以及沉积间断现象存在与否,指出了二叠系与三叠系在台地相区是平行不整合,在台坡或台沟相区是整合的结论。     

涟源富硒土壤研究与湖南省富硒土壤分布初探

在部省合作"湖南省娄邵盆地多目标地球化学调查"项目的资助下,系统地采集测试了涟源市耕地和园地的表层土壤样品。调查发现该地区发育了大量的富硒土壤,富硒土壤的来源主要与震旦系上统—寒武系下统和二叠系中上统的黑色岩系有关。上述黑色岩系分布区域的表层土壤具有全区最高的硒含量,均大于1 mg/kg,部分甚至达到硒过量的水平。经文献研究和综合评价,推断黑色岩系风化物质扩散堆积形成的山间盆地是湖南省快速高效的寻找富硒土壤的理想靶区。     

ON PHYTOGEOGRAPHICAL AFFINITIES OF THE FOREST FLORAS BETWEEN EAST CHINA AND JAPAN

EastChinaisoneoftherichestregionsinplantlifeinEastAsiaanditsfloraisthemainpartofSino-Japanesefloristicregion,whichhasattractedtheattentionofmanybotanistsbothathomeandabroad,suchasHuXiansu(1936),LiHuilin(1950,1953),StewardA.N.(1958),WangJingkiang(1988),WangWencai(1992),Wusugong(1987),WuZhengyi(1979)andXieGuowen(1991a,1993),etal.AnumberofpapersdealingwithEastAsian-EasternNorthAmericanphytogeographicalrelationshipshavebeenpublished(Bouffordf1983).However,thefloristicrelationsbetweenEas…