天然富硒土地划定：以湖南省临澧县新安镇为例

以1:50000土地质量调查数据为基础,参照《天然富硒土地划定与标识》(DD 2019—10)(试行),对湖南省临澧县新安镇的耕地(包括水田、旱地、茶园和果园)开展了土壤富硒程度、环境质量、肥力质量和灌溉水质的系统评价。结果表明:新安镇东部地区分布有大面积连片的天然富硒土地,包括天然绿色富硒土地8535亩和天然无公害富硒土地10500亩。进一步对新安镇富硒土地的硒来源开展研究,发现硒主要来源于新安镇西部山区高背景的二叠系黑色岩系风化物质,并推断新安镇东部地区所属的澧阳平原具有很大的寻找天然富硒土地的潜力。     

浙江省“硒库”——寒武系黑色岩系面面观

<正>随着富硒农产品的适生性研究及重金属污染防治工作的不断深入,黑色岩系对土壤环境的影响越来越受到人们的重视,浙江省在近十几年积极开展农业地质调查与研究。据调查发现,浙江省内的绝大多数富硒土壤分布区与黑色岩系出露范围吻合性较好,因此,"黑色岩系"被誉为浙江省"硒库"。本文从地质学角度简要介绍浙江省黑色岩系的相关知识,使相关工作者对黑色岩系有更加全面的认识。     

富硒农业地质调查样本

土壤是人类生存和发展的基本条件,土壤质量的好坏直接关系着农业生产的发展.因此,在发展现代农业中,农业地质调查特别是对土壤环境开展调查是必不可少的重要环节. 近年来,硒元素因有益于人体健康,迅速走红,全国各地兴起一股强烈的"补硒热",富硒农业成为许多地方新的发展方向.富硒产业的乐观前景在全国范围掀起了土壤硒含量的专项地质环境调查.湖南省作为农业大省,紧跟新趋势,开展了多次富硒农业地质调查活动.     

湖南省慈利县富硒土壤分布及成因规律研究

通过调查发现,慈利县分布有大面积的富硒土壤,960 km~2范围重点区中富硒土壤面积占524.2 km~2,土壤硒平均含量达0.54 mg/kg。各类成土母岩中,属二叠系的炭质页岩与灰岩硒含量最高,与其对应的是在各地质背景中二叠系表层土壤硒含量同样最高,其次为三叠系、志留系土壤,硒元素在土壤与母岩中具有显著继承性。各地层剖面均显示出硒元素呈现出表聚性规律,硒元素在表层土壤中大于深层土壤,而深层土壤硒含量则大于母岩硒含量。     

湖南省慈利县农作物富硒程度调查评价与富硒农业发展建议

针对慈利县重点区域进行了农作物富硒程度专项调查,通过建立湖南省相关农作物富硒标准,发现采集的十种农作物中大部分达到富硒标准,其中油菜、水稻、玉米等硒平均含量最高,分别达到0.285mg/kg、0.136 mg/kg以及0.118 mg/kg。通过对比根系土硒含量,研究了十种作物硒富集规律,得出了各农作物硒富集系数,油菜硒富集能力最强,其次为大豆、大蒜。针对慈利县土壤、农作物含硒量特征提出了慈利县富硒农业发展的建议。     

湖南隆回县主要农作物富硒情况及农作物—根系土中重金属关系的影响因素分析

在"湖南省隆回县土地质量调查"项目的资助下,本研究系统地采集测试了隆回县农作物及根系土样品。采用数据统计、相关性分析等方法,分析农产品富硒及重金属含量的情况,同时着重研究了农产品与土壤中重金属含量关系。研究结果表明:隆回县农作物普遍富硒,并且每种农作物的富硒能力不同;隆回县主要农作物受到重金属污染的程度较小;土壤有机质和pH是影响作物对土壤重金属吸收累积的重要环境因素。     

湖南省石门县土壤及柑橘富硒程度调查及评价

通过对石门县进行了土地质量以及柑橘生态环境调查,结果发现,石门县分布有大面积的富硒土壤,土壤硒含量平均值达0.79 mg/kg,富硒土壤面积达3059.2 km2。柑橘富硒程度较高,59.92%的柑橘样品达到富硒标准,91%的样品属于优等品,总体品质优良。     

河南发布富硒土壤硒含量地方标准

<正>日前,从河南省地质矿产勘察开发局获悉,由河南省地质调查院主导编制的《富硒土壤硒含量要求》河南省地方标准正式发布,将于2019年12月30日起正式实施。河南省地质调查院自2004年以来持续开展全省土地质量地球化学调查,初步查明全省拥有富硒绿色耕地1439万亩,富硒土地资源广泛分布于洛阳、焦作、新乡、安阳、郑州、商丘、平顶山、南阳等地。在此基础上,河南省地质调查院相继开展     

寺河山成为河南省富硒土壤种植基地

正"河南省富硒土壤种植基地"授牌仪式近日在灵宝市"农民丰收节"分会场举行,河南省地质调查院授予灵宝市寺河山"河南省富硒土壤种植基地"称号,并发布了富硒土壤调查数据。灵宝市寺河山乡地处豫西崤山腹地,海拔800～1200米,土质肥沃,雨量充沛,日照充足,昼夜温差大,是苹果的最佳适生地。解放前这里原本是荒芜山区,解放后自引植苹果以来,经过几十年的艰苦创业,寺河山以其得天独厚的自然条件,以     

鄂西地层硒的分布、富硒岩石成因及硒的来源

鄂西地区硒元素主要富集在二叠系孤峰组与吴家坪组炭质硅质岩中,而其他地层“黑色岩系”中硒含量却很低.富硒炭质硅质岩微量元素中 w(As)和 w(Sb)分别是沉积岩丰度的１．６５倍和４．２２倍,U/Th平均值为７．９、Co/Ni平均值为０．０４２,稀土元素具有明显 Ce的负异常特征,指示了富硒硅质岩以热水成因为主,而微量元素Mo、V 含量较高,证明又受到生物因素的叠加影响.岩石 La－Th－Sc以及 Th－Sc－Zr/１０图解表明“黑色岩系”形成于大陆岛弧的构造环境.富Se岩石的 Cr元素含量也较高,Cr是典型的地幔元素,表明地幔物质参与了“黑色岩系”的成岩作用.孤峰组炭质硅质岩层间凝灰质黏土岩锆石 UＧPb年龄约２６４ Ma,在时代上与峨眉山玄武岩起始喷发时间一致,表明孤峰组硒的来源与峨眉山玄武岩的持续喷发相关.吴家坪组炭质硅质岩层间凝灰质黏土岩的锆石 UＧPb年龄为２５３~２４８ Ma,与西伯利亚大火成岩省火山喷发时间高度吻合,说明吴家坪组硒的来源可能与西伯利亚大火成岩省关系密切.      

Indexing the engineering properties of residual soils in the southern slopes of Mashhad,NE Iran

Residual soils are weathering products of rocks that are commonly found under unsaturated conditions. The properties of residual soils are a function of the degree of weathering. A series of index properties, engineering properties and geophysics survey examinations were performed on residual soils from two major geological formations in Iran. In the present research, the index properties of residual soils in the south of Mashhad city in Iran are investigated.Natural and artificial trenches were analyzed for evaluating the weathering profiles and collecting soil samples. Disturbed and undisturbed samples were obtained from each of the soil profile horizons resulting from weathering of different parent rocks.Subsequently, physical properties and mechanical properties of the soil samples were determined in accordance with ASTM standards. Also, the mineralogical composition, chemistry, and texture of the soil were evaluated in 51 profiles. The field observations showed the difference in the weathering profile of residual soils deposited on various rocks(igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic). These profiles mainly consisted of two horizons includingresidual soil on top and saprolite at the bottom. The results of laboratory tests and geotechnical data showed that the properties of residual soil samples change by depth. Moreover, depending on the type of origin rock, the properties are different in various types of residual soils. In most of the samples, the moisture content of soil horizons was also increased by depth. Based on the unified soil classification(USCS), the soils of the upper horizons appeared to be classified as ML(Lean silt) and CL(Lean clay) while the soils of the lower horizons(saprolite zone) fall in SC(clayey sand), SM(silty sand), and SW(wellgraded sand) classes. Moreover, the results demonstrated that the particle size of the soil was increased by depth. Comparison of results of the geotechnical tests showed that properties of residual soils are changed by variations of depth, weathering level, and type of parent rock. Considering the concentration of the number of lines and the concentration of the points of intersection, the length and dimension fractal of lineaments in the southeastern part of the study area, it is evident that this zone possesses weathering severity and soil thickness. Fieldwork data from this zone have also verified the severity of weathering conditions. The analysis of lineaments trends in different parts of the study area indicated that the lineaments with the NW-SE trend have a strong effect on weathering development. The weathering depth depends on the orientation of bedding joints with respect to the slope in the study area. Slope inclination and soil thickness are controlled by weathering and erosion processes.     

宝鸡黄土中的风化壳

根据野外调查,在宝鸡黄土中确定了五个时期的风化壳,它们分别为第1～5层古土壤与其下的风化黄土构成。根据X-射线衍射得知,这些风化壳为水云母和绿泥石等构成的粘土型风化壳。CaCO_3淀积深度和Fe_2O_3、Al_2O_3迁移特征表明第1和3～5层古土壤与其下黄土构成的风化壳发育时处于酸性风化阶段,当时年平均降水量在900mm以上;第2层古土壤与其下风化黄土构成的风化壳发育时处于中性风化阶段,当时年平均降水量为800mm左右。     

Geologic Features of Wangjiatun Deep Gas Reservoirs of Volcanic Rock in Songliao Basin

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Geologic Features of Wangjiatun Deep Gas Reservoirs of Volcanic Rock in Songliao Basin

Wangjiatun gas pool is located at the north part of Xujiaweizi in Songliao basin. Commercial gas flow has been found in the intermediate and acid volcanic rock of upper Jurassic - lower Cretaceous, which makes a breakthrough in deep nature gas prospecting in Songliao basin. The deep natural gas entrapment regularity is discussed in the paper by the study of deep strata, structure and reservoir. Andesite, rhyolite and little pyroclastic rock are the main reservoirs. There are two types of volcanic reservoir space assemblage in this area: the pore and fissure and the pure fissure. Changes had taken place for volcanic reservoir space during long geologic time, which was controlled by tectonic movement and geologic environment.The developed degree of reservoir space was controlled by tectonic movement, weathering and filtering, corrosion and Filling. There are three types of source- reservoir-caprock assemblage in this area: lower source- upper reservoir model,upper source - lower reservoir model and lateral change model. Mudstone in Dengluoku formation and the compacted volcanic rock of upper Jurassic - lower Cretaceous are the caprock for deep gas reservoirs. Dark mudstone of deep lacustrine facies in Shahezi formation and lower part of Dengluoku formation are the source rock of deep gas. It can be concluded that deep gas pools are mainly volcanic lithologic reservoirs.     

Soil Geochemistry Changes Induced by a Foreign Soil Reconstruction Project in Three Gorges Reservoir Region of China

Fertile topsoil was added onto the surface of barren slope land in Three Gorges Reservoir region of China in an anthropogenic process known as the foreign soil reconstruction project. The main goal of this paper was to reveal the influence of anthropogenic activities on pedogenic processes and soil classifications. Chemical weathering indices and comparative analysis were applied to discuss changes in geochemical compositions and weathering features of purplish soils(Cambisols) before and after the project. Results showed that:(1) The foreign soil reconstruction project slightly altered the major element composition of topsoil and improved the soil structure. Although the distributions of major elements in the original topsoil, original subsoil, foreign topsoil and newly constructed topsoil were all similar to that in upper continental crust, newly constructed topsoil was the most similar soil.(2) The chemical index of alteration was more sensitive than the weathering index of Parker at indicating chemical weathering status of purplish soil. The chemical weathering status of newly constructed topsoil was higher than that of the original topsoil and lower than that of foreign topsoil.(3) Anthropogenic activities may provide a promising new thought for the anthropogenic soil classification system. The scope and subgroups of Anthrosols should be extended and strengthened. Or there may be a need to combine Anthrosols and Technosols orders to create a new soil order. The results may be used for optimizing soil mellowing engineering activities and enriching the soil classification system.     

山东石炭二叠纪地层沉积环境分析

山东是华北地区较早接受晚古生代地层沉积的地区,分布于沂沭断裂带以西地区,自下而上划分为月门沟群和石盒子群,富含动植物化石和煤炭、铝土矿等矿产资源。该套地层不整合于奥陶系之上,顶部遭受风化剥蚀,被三叠系不整合覆盖,在不同地区地层厚度、岩性及含矿性特征差别较大。沉积环境由海相-海陆交互相向陆相演化,主要分为海洋环境、海陆过渡环境、湖泊环境、沼泽环境和河流环境。     

大汶河流域中上游地区岩溶地下水水化学特征及其控制因素分析

为查明大汶河流域中上游地区岩溶地下水水化学特征和离子来源, 基于2018年枯、丰两期采集的岩溶地下水样品水化学数据, 综合运用数理统计、相关性分析、Piper图、Gibbs图以及离子比值等方法, 对大汶河流域中上游地区岩溶地下水水化学特征及其控制因素进行了分析。结果表明,大汶河流域中上游地区枯、丰水期岩溶地下水的pH均值分别为7.6和7.5, 整体表现为弱碱性。岩溶地下水中Ca2+为占优势的阳离子, HCO₃-和SO₄2-为主要阴离子。枯、丰期岩溶地下水中ρ(TDS)均值分别为645.4, 648.4 mg/L。按照TDS划分, 大汶河流域中上游地区岩溶地下水均属于淡水或微咸水;枯、丰水期岩溶地下水水化学类型均以HCO₃·SO₄-Ca为主。岩石风化作用是控制区内岩溶地下水水化学特征的主要控制因素, 碳酸盐岩和硅酸盐岩矿物的溶解是地下水主要离子的重要来源。同时, 大汶河流域中上游地区岩溶地下水还受到了比较明显的人为输入影响, 地下水中NO₃-主要来自于农业生产活动。该研究成果为水资源利用提供了指导作用。      

Provenance and Tectonic Implications of Paleozoic Strata in the South Yellow Sea Basin,China–Revealed from the Borehole CSDP-2

Well CSDP-2 is a fully coring deep drilling hole, penetrating the thick Paleozoic marine strata in the South Yellow Sea Basin(SYSB) in the lower Yangtze Block(LYB). Based on the petrological and geochemical analysis of 40 sandstone samples from the core CSDP-2, the provenance and tectonic features of Paleozoic detrital rocks from SYSB are analyzed and systematically delineated in this article. The results show that the Silurian – Carboniferous sandstones are mature sublitharenite, while the Permian sandstones are unstable feldspathic litharenite. The average CIA(chemical index of alteration) is 74.61, which reflects these sediments were derived from source rocks with moderate chemical weathering. The REE(rare earth element) patterns are characterized by LREE enrichment, flat HREE and obviously negative Eu anomaly, which are similar to that of the upper continental crust. Dickinson QFL discrimination results indicate the recycled orogeny provenance. Various diagrams for the discrimination of sedimentary provenance based on major and trace element data show all the sediments were derived predominantly from quartz sedimentary rocks, of which the Permian strata contain more felsic sedimentary rocks. Geochemical data for these detrital rocks suggest they occur at the passive continental margin and island arc settings, and the Permian sandstone presents active continental margin setting.     

Mass balance of major elements in relation to weathering in soils developed on igneous rocks in a semiarid region, northwestern Iran

This study was conducted to evaluate the weathering intensity of the major soils developed on igneous rocks in semiarid region of northwestern Iran.Eight parent materials were selected including monzodiorite,alkali granite,granodiorite,syenite,pyroxene diorite,hornblende andesite,pyroxene andesite,and dacite.Representative soil profiles were described and soil samples were collected and analyzed for selected chemical and physical properties and total concentrations of major elements and Zr,V,Ti and Y.Bulk densities as well as Ti,Zr and V concentrations were used to estimate the strain factors and mass balance equations were used to quantify the net result of pedogenic weathering,i.e.elemental loss and gain.The results of clay content and pedogenic iron variability as well as index of compositional variability(ICV),chemical index of alteration(CIA) and,A-CN-K and MFW ternary plots showed that the soils developed on volcanic rocks(hornblende andesite> pyroxene andesite> dacite) were more weathered than those on the plutonic parent rocks(alkali granite,granodiorite,monzodiorite,syenite,pyroxene diorite).The results of mass balance calculations based on the strain factors revealed that the Ca and Na depleted during weathering progress mostly from plagioclase grains.In the semiarid regions Ca is precipitated as pedogenic calcite in the soil horizons.K and Mg depletion is less than Ca and Na especially in the profiles on the hornblende andesite with the highest clay and LOI content.The results of this study clearly suggest that the behavior of K and Mg during the weathering cannot only be explained by the disintegration of the primary minerals,since they are fixed on the secondary clay minerals.Iron did not change in the soils compared to the parent material and was precipitated as the pedogenic iron and conserved in the soil horizons.Overall,the results on the weathering indicators and major elements mass balance enrichment/depletion in the study area confirmed that the soil profiles developed on volcanic rocks are more weathered than those on the plutonic igneous rocks.