1989年大同—阳高6.1级震群破裂方向讨论

本文利用余震震中分布、震源机制解、地震记录波形、等震线分布形态、地裂缝及地质构造资料,对大同一阳高震群序列中5.7、6.1、5.6级三次地震的破裂方向进行探讨。认为5.7级地震破裂方向为近东西向,6.1、5.6级地震破裂方向为北北东向,由二组破裂形成共轭剪切破裂,大同一阳高震群序列就发生在共轭剪切破裂面上。 1989年10月18日—19日在山西大同—阳高—带相继发生了5.7、6.1、5.6级地震,地震发生后笔者参加了地震现场分析预报组的工作,工作中发现5.7、6.1、5.6级地震破裂方向并不一致,有必要进行讨论。     

澜沧、耿马地震序列图象与发震构造讨论

本文分析了1988年11月6日云南澜沧、耿马地震序列的震中分布及迁移图象,发现其地震序列中主震及余震明显地沿北北西向分布。7.2级地震所形成的形变带沿北北西向旱母坝断层分布,表明该断层即为此次地震的发震构造。7.6级地震时,沿北西向木嘎断裂和北北西向澜沧—勐海断裂均形成明显的地震形变带,表明其发震构造较复杂。主震后的强余震活动与北东向断裂有密切关系。本文认为澜沧、耿马地震序列具有复杂的发震构造和破裂图象。     

1991年大同—阳高5.8级地震的序列

对1991年3月大同—阳高5.8级地震的震源特点、序列特征及震前序列活动进行了分析研究,得出这次5.8级地震是1989年大同—阳高地震的晚期强余震、地震子序列为主余震型序列的结论。从1989年以来大同老震区的弱震活动分析表明,其弱震的几个起伏是大同及其周围应力场加强的信号,可作为今后地震监测预报的窗口。     

龙陵-澜沧断裂带双震型强震活动破裂模型讨论

龙陵地震和澜沧－耿马地震是龙陵－澜沧断裂带上两次典型的双震型强震活动,但它们在地质构造背景、应力场分布、发震构造和烈度分布等方面却具有截然不同的特点。龙陵地震发生在主要由花岗岩构成的地块内,地质构造比较均一;地震处在ＮＮＷ向挤压的统一应力场中;两主震的发震构造走向和两个Ⅸ度区长轴近于直交。澜沧－耿马地震发生在一古板块边界附近,震区构造复杂,耿马７．２级地震和澜沧７．６级地震发生于不同的应力环境中,发震构造和极震区长轴近于平行,呈斜列状分布。通过对龙陵地震和澜沧－耿马地震的对比分析,提出了双震型强震活动的共轭型和牵动型两种破裂模型,并对各自的特点及形成条件进行了初步分析     

云南澜沧-耿马Ms7.6地震的完全库仑破裂应力变化与后续地震的动态、静态应力触发

计算和研究了1988年云南澜沧-耿马Ms7.6地震产生的完全库仑破裂应力变化的时空演化图像, 对继澜沧地震13 min后发生的耿马M7.2地震的应力触发问题进行了分析, 同时也对澜沧-耿马地震后24 d内发生的Ms5.0~6.9后续强余震的应力触发问题进行了探讨. 结果显示, 澜沧地震断层破裂产生的完全库仑破裂应力变化空间分布图像具有很强的非对称性, 正值的动态和静态库仑破裂应力变化区域均具有与强余震分布位置吻合较好的现象. 耿马Ms7.2地震受到了澜沧Ms7.6地震产生动态和静态库仑破裂应力的触发作用; 绝大多数后续强余震受到了动、静态库仑破裂应力的综合触发作用.     

澜沧—耿马地震发震构造初步研究

本文根据澜沧—耿马地震形变带、极震区及余震序列分布特征,分析了7.6和7.2级地震的发震构造,认为北北西向旱母坝断层是7.2级地震的发震构造,7.6级地震的发震构造不是一条单一的断层,北西向木嘎断裂和北北西向澜沧—勐海断裂均有明显破裂表现,这一特点与震区复杂的地质构造背景有密切联系。     

1988年云南澜沧-耿马地震的烈度分布及地表破裂

1988年11月6日,在云南省西南部的澜沧-耿马断裂带上发生了两次大于7级的地震.地震造成的严重破坏和人员伤亡主要是由于极震区内抗震性能极差的毛石房、砖柱土坯房的大量倒塌所致.澜沧地震的震中基本烈度可达Ⅸ度,耿马地震极震区烈度达Ⅹ度.澜沧地震构造活动的地表证据主要是出现在极震区内的张性地裂缝带和小断层陡坎.地裂缝带和小断坎主要出现在四条相对连续的北北西走向的狭窄地带内,其长度从几百 m 到6km 不等.澜沧地震地表破裂带长约35km,宽约3km,最大垂直位移量和最大右旋水平位移量分别为1.5m 和1.4m.耿马地震地表断裂活动的明显证据包括一系列北北西走向的地裂缝带和一段长约5km的地震断层陡坎.耿马地震地表破裂带长约24km,其最大垂直位移3.5m,最大右旋水平位移为3m.两次地震形成的地表破裂带均具有右旋-正断层性质.本文讨论了这两次地震的 度分布及地表破裂特征.      

2017年九寨沟7.0级地震断层破裂尺度初步研究

本文利用2017年九寨沟7.0级地震的余震序列数据,结合震源机制解确定的地震断层面,研究了地震断层的破裂尺度。基于余震序列在断层面上的投影,分析直接余震和间接余震以及不同起始震级条件下余震区的长度和震源深度分布,估算了地震断层破裂面的破裂长度和破裂深度,并探讨了地震断层破裂对地震烈度分布的影响。研究结果显示,九寨沟7.0级地震断层的破裂长度约33—35km,破裂深度约23—26km;地震断层破裂对Ⅷ度区分布有明显的控制作用,地震断层破裂长度接近Ⅷ度区的长度。     

1976年盐源—宁蒗地震序列的破裂特征

使用地震活动图象和震源机制资料的构造分析方法，研究盐源－宁蒗地震序列的破裂特征。结果认为：６．７级地震破裂面是北北东向左旋走滑断层，５．６级６．４级地震破裂面是两条北西西向右旋走滑断层，构成以北北东向断为主干的共轭破裂组合，该序列受弥渡－木里地壳深部活动断裂带控制。     

1976年龙陵震群序列的破裂特征

龙陵地震是由８个６级以上地震组成的强震震群序列，采用地震活动图象和震源机制资料的构造分析方法，得到带有运动学和动力学特征的震源破裂组合在地面的投影图象，配合其它资料，提出龙陵地震序列强震的破裂特征是：由３条北东东向左旋走滑断层和２条北北西向右旋走滑断层组成的共轭破裂组合，进一步讨论了某些有关的地震地质问题。     

澜沧耿马地震序列特征

本文对1988年8月15日澜沧中强震序列,以及1988年11月6日澜沧——耿马强震序列的地震活动性特征和地震波特征进行了探讨。研究表明在某些方面,8月15日中强震序列反映出其前震特征,而11月6日强震序列则明显反映出双震型地震的特征。在余震区的北区和南区,余震活动在地震波初动、震源深度、大小地震比例关系和能量释放等方面均表现出不同的特征。本文同时对强余震前的地震活动性特征作了一些初步的探讨。     

伽师强震群序列的破列特征

分析了伽师强震群序列中13次5级以上地震的震源机制解资料，其中有8个走滑型地震、5个倾滑型地震。走滑型地震的北北西向节面与Ms≥5．0级地震震中分布的斜列线一致，伽师强震群序列可能是北北西向右旋走滑断层及与其斜交的张性正断层共同作用的结果。     

RELOCATION OF THE HUTUBI MS6.2 EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE ON 8 DECEMBER 2016 AND ANALYSIS OF THE SEISMOGENIC STRUCTURE

Based on the digital waveforms of Xinjiang Seismic Network, the Hutubi M_S6.2 earthquake sequence (M_L ≥ 1.0) was relocated precisely by HypoDD.The best double-couple focal mechanisms of the main shock and aftershocks of M_L ≥ 4.0 were determined by the CAP method. We analyzed the characteristics of spatial distribution, focal mechanisms and the seismogenic structure of earthquake sequence. The results show that the main shock is located at 43.775 9°N, 86.363 4°E; the depth of the initial rupture and centriod is about 15.388km and 17km. The earthquake sequence extends unilaterally along NWW direction with an extension length of about 15km and a depth ranging 5~15km. The characteristics of the depth profiles show that the seismogenic fault plane dips northward and the faulting is dominated by thrusting. The nodal planes parameters of the best double-couple focal mechanisms are:strike 292°, dip 62° and rake 80° for nodal plane I, and strike 132°, dip 30° and rake 108° for nodal plane Ⅱ, indicating that the main shock is of thrust faulting. The dip of nodal planeⅠis consistent with the dip of the depth profile, which is inferred to be the fault plane of seismogenic fault of this earthquake. According to the comprehensive analysis of the relocation results, the focal mechanism and geological structure in the source region, it is preliminarily inferred that the seismogenic structure of the Hutubi M_S6.2 earthquake may be a backthrust on the deeper concealed thrust slope at the south of Qigu anticline. The earthquake is a "folding" earthquake taking place under the stress field of Tianshan expanding towards the Junggar Basin.     

RELOCATION AND FOCAL MECHANISMS OF YUNNAN TONGHAI EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE OF AUGUST 2018

The August 2018 Tonghai earthquake sequence and focal mechanisms of the two main shocks about M_S5.0 were investigated through relocation of catalog data and inversion of event waveform recordings downloaded from the China National Seismic Network. The epicenter of 2018 Tonghai earthquake locates in the southern edge of Chuandian block, where the Xiaojiang Fault separates the Chuandian block from South China block in the east, and the Red River Fault separates the Chuandian block from the Indo-China in the southwest. These two faults blocked and absorbed the continuous southward movement of Chuandian block, significant tectonic stress has been built up in the southern tip of Chuandian block. As a seismicity active zone, Tonghai has been struck by a M7.0 strong earthquake in 1970. The August 2018 Tonghai earthquake is the major earthquake occurring in Tonghai and surrounding areas since the 1970 strong earthquake. Therefore, detailed focal mechanism study for 2018 Tonghai earthquake sequence is crucial for the earthquake relief effect for the Tonghai and surrounding area. In this study, we first relocate the epicenter of earthquake sequence by using the double difference relocation method, then we inverted focal mechanism for two main earthquakes with magnitude of ~5.0 by using the W-phase method. The relocated epicentral locations of Tonghai earthquake sequence show a NE-SW trend narrow band, predominant depth range of 5~10km and near vertical seismogenic fault. The focal parameters for the August 13 earthquake are: strike of 298.2°, a dip of 45.2°, a rake of -172.9° and strike of 203.2°, a dip of 84.9°, a rake of -45.0°, respectively, and magnitude of M_W=5.07; Focal parameters for the August 14 earthquake are: strike of 297.0°, a dip of 63.6°, a rake of -161.5° and strike of 198.5°, a dip of 73.5°, a rake of -27.7°, respectively, and magnitude of M_W=4.89. Combined analysis of the relocated epicentral locations and obtained focal mechanisms suggest that the seismogenic fault of the August 2018 Tonghai earthquake sequences could be related to the NE-striking Mingxing-Erjie Fault, and the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the earthquake sequence is consistent with the regional seismotectonic background.     

1989年大同震群的体破裂特征

采用点源位错模型,由区域地震台网的P,S振幅资料,反演得到1989年10月大同震群135次小震的可信震源机制解.结果显示机制解的空间取向分布比较离散,但其优势及平均方向与震群中3次最大地震的断层面解一致,和华北构造应力场的应力作用方式相符.讨论了小地震对序列地震过程的贡献,表明大量小震的群体行为对震源体起着重要的作用.由震源的时空分布图像,展现出震源体动态扩展、“处处”破裂的特征.由此得出,大同震群并非沿着已有的断层面滑动所致,而可能是该区域新生的破裂;震源体内的多次破裂没有沿一个断层面扩展,而表现为一种体破裂的过程.     

2013年前郭M5.8级强震群序列特征分析

基于2013年吉林前郭M5.8级强震群序列资料,分析其余震序列空间分布、演化特征、测震学指标b值及震源机制特征等。结果发现,前郭强震群序列空间位置高度集中在长9 km,宽5 km的范围内,余震沿北西向分布。序列中M4.0以上地震呈连发特征,M2.0~3.0地震缺乏,余震主要集中在M1.0级以下,余震序列b值较低且介于0.3~0.4之间,M5.0以上地震震源机制以逆冲为主,兼具少量走滑分量。     

2008年8月30日和静M_S5.6地震序列及震前部分测震学异常分析

简要介绍了2008年8月30日新疆和静MS5.6地震的基本参数、震源机制解、地震序列特征和局部构造应力场等,分析了地震前震源区周围及相关构造区域出现的中、短期地震活动异常特征。结果显示,该序列为主-余型,余震活动呈间歇式,衰减迅速,震源断错性质为走滑型。震前震源区东侧存在长时间4级地震平静、3级地震围空及多台地震波振幅比的异常等现象,同时在地震发生前1~3个月出现了短期异常,表现为振幅比异常的回返、空区瓦解和地震窗的异常。依据多种异常变化,在震前对该地震做出了三要素准确的短期预报。     

海城地震前震系列与震群——兼论前震系列在地震预报中的一种功能

对比了海城前震系列与其周围同期震群的异同.两者的震源空间分布都比较集中,一般只有几公里的尺度.发震机制都比较稳定.但有些震群在其主要地震发生后,机制变化较显著,借此有可能识别一部份震群.但也有些震群其机制的稳定性始终不比海城前震系列差,因之借此无法识别前震系列.频次的分布两者也有非常相似的震例.总的印象是有些震群在晚期有可能识别,但未发现有确认前震(系列)的肯定判据.这一初步的结论仅仅是由于我们分辨技术的局限,抑是具有成因上的深刻含义是很值得思考的.最后引入了震级序列的缺震特征,借此可以判断系列的高潮是否已经渡过.这对(从其他证据认识到的)具有大震危险的地区,利用前震系列来改善大震临震时刻的机率性判断是有用的.注意到频次分布中有相隔12小时的低值点,对比就地的固体潮具有较好的同步性,说明固体潮可能对前震系列以及震群具有触发作用.      

台湾海峡7.3级地震序列特征

根据粤闽台网和汕头地震遥测台网资料，讨论了１９９４年９月１６日台湾海峡南部７．３级地震的序列特征及震源机制等问题，分析认为，此次地震为大陆地壳下部破裂的产物，与北东向断裂活动有关。     

ANALYSIS ON THE 2013 BADONG M5.1 EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE AND THE SEISMOGENIC STRUCTURE

On 16^th September 2013, an M5.1 earthquake occurred in Badong County, Hubei Province, which is the biggest one since the first water impounding in 2003 in the head region of the Three Gorges Reservoir area. The crustal velocity information is needed to determine the earthquake location and focal mechanism. By comparison, the 1-D velocity structure model from Zhao was adopted in this study. Double difference location method was applied to determine the precise locations of the M5.1 earthquake sequence. Relocation results show that the dominant distribution of this sequence is along NEE direction. In order to understand its seismogenic structure, focal depth profiles were made. Profile AA' was along the sequence distribution, and the earthquake sequence extended about 12km. Focal depth of mainshock is deeper than that of aftershocks, and earthquake rupture propagated laterally southwestward. The seismic profile BB' and CC' were perpendicular to profile AA', which represent the dip direction. Both profiles show that the focal depth becomes deeper toward southeast, and dip angle is about 50°. It means that the possible seismogenic fault strikes NEE and dips southeast. Focal mechanism could provide more information for judging the seismogenic structures. Many methods could obtain the focal mechanism, such as P-wave first motion method, CAP method, and some other moment tensor methods. In this paper, moment tensor inversion program made by Yagi Y is adopted. 12 regional seismic stations ranging from 100~400km are picked up, and before the inversion, we removed the mean and trend. The seismic waveforms were band pass filtered between 0.05 and 0.2Hz, and then integrated into displacement. Green's functions were calculated using the discrete wavenumber method developed by Kohketsu. The focal mechanism of the M5.1 mainshock manifests that the NEE-striking fault plane probably is the possible seismogenic fault, which is consistent with the analysis of focal depth profiles. The focal mechanisms of the M_L≥2.0 aftershocks are retrieved by P-wave first motion method, and the nodal plane I is in accordance with the earthquake sequence distribution and the fault plane of the mainshock. FMSI program was adopted to inverse the stress field in the earthquake area, and the results show that the earthquake sequence is under the control of the regional stress field. The earthquake sequence occurred on the stage of slow water unloading, and ETAS model was introduced to testify the influences of water level fluctuations on earthquakes. The results denote that the reservoir played a triggering role in the earthquake, however, the NEE-striking seismogenic fault is the controlling factor.