监测网的可区分测试

监测网的设计阶段，变形体的变形特性不是完全清楚的情况下，须考虑监测网的可区分测度。本文详细讨论了监测网的可区分问题，导出了有关的公式，并以算例加以分析和说明，最后论述了监测网设计的可区分准则。     

监测网的可区分测度

监测网的设计阶段，变形体的变形特性不是完全清楚的情况下，须考虑监测网的可区分测度．本文详细讨论了监测网的可区分问题，导出了有关的公式，并以算例加以分析和说明，最后论述了监测网设计的可区分准则．     

变形模型的可发现性和可区分性研究

本文用高斯-马尔科夫模型下模型误差的可发现性和可区分性理论研究变形模型。将单个变形模型下的可发现性理论扩展到了多个变形模型下的可区分性理论，导出了一般公式，并就几种典型变形模型的可发现性和可区分性进行了讨论，得出了一些有益的结论。本文的研究表明，变形模型的可发现性和可区分性是监测网质量控制更可靠，更直接的指标。     

粗差探测与定位的一种新方法

本文阐述了模型误差的可发现性与可区分性的重要性以及判别方法，提出一种利用观测值改正数向量综合分析的方法探测粗差。在模型误差可区分时可以对粗差定位并估计粗差值。同ω检验法比较，综合分析法发现粗差的能力更强，定位更准确。     

粗差探测与定位的一种新方法

本文阐述了模型误差的可发现性与可区分性的重要性以及判别方法，提出一种利用观测使改正数向量综合分析的方法探测粗差。在模型误差可区分时可以对粗差定位并估计粗差值。同ω检验法比较，综合分析法发现粗差的能力更强，定位更准确。     

一、P20一般性问题

CH980001 单个备选假设的可区分/周世健(华东地质学院)…∥解放军测绘学院学报。-1997,14(4)。—235～240 在数据处理与分析,特别是变形分析中,需要进行变形模型的区分及模拟。Frstner设立多个备选假设,引入第三类错误,使用相关系数及可区分放大倍数来表示模型误差的可区分性。这种方法须把没有模型误差的函数模型作为零假设。作者把模型误差的函数模型直接作为零假设和备选假设(单个备选假设),对模型误差进行可区分度     

动态平差模型下形变与粗差的可区分性研究

从形变监测数据处理中常用的动态平差模型出发，推导出了研究形变与粗差可区分性的公式，给出在形变模型统计检验的同时统计检验粗差的方法与步骤，对垂直形变监测网的可区分性作了详细讨论和实例分析，得出几点结论．     

高斯-马尔可夫模型含两个备选假设时的区分可能性和可靠性理论

从含单一备选假设出发的可靠性理论〔1〕、〔2〕，只能统计地判断是否存在某种模型误差以及未能发现的模型误差对平差结果的影响。本文提出高斯-马尔可夫模型含两个多维备选假设时的区分可能性和可靠性理论。该理论能统计地判断是否存在能与它种模型误差相区分的某种模型误差以及彼此不能区分的模型误差对平差结果的影响。该理论对粗差的定位，粗差与系统误差的区分，以及变形测量分析提供了定性和定量的指标，具有实际应用价值。文中以平面坐标变换为例阐述了该理论的实际应用。     

以双可区分度为准则的变形监测网非线性动态优化设计

在监测网设计阶段，不仅要考虑不同变形模型之间的可区分度，而且要研究变形与粗差的可区分度，即双可区分度，以利以后进行变形分析。文中导出了变形与粗差的可区分度，并以双可区分度为准则进行监测网非线性动态优化设计。同时给出了一个非线性直接优化算法，该算法避开了常规的台劳级数线性展开的方法，易于在计算机上实现。     

最小二乘配置中粗差的可发现性和可区分性问题

研究最小二乘配置中粗差与随机信号的区分性问题。从观测值残差和信号估值及其统计性质出发，根据高斯马尔可夫模型两个选假设理想，给出了最小二乘配置模型中观测粗差的可区分且可发现的表达式。     

APPLICATION OF SEPARABILITY CRITERION IN DESIGN OF DEFORMATION MONITORING NETWORKS

A monitoring scheme must be so designed that several possible mod-els can be efficiently separated in the stage of analysis of deformation measure-ments.Based on the concept of separability developed by Chen and Chrzanowski,a methodology for the design of monitoring schemes has been developed by the au-thors.In the method a computer simulation technique is employed,into whichsome rules have been elaborated allowing minimal human intervention.In this pa-per the criterion is first presented and the design technique using the step one up-dating procedure is discussed.Finally,design of a simulated monitoring networkis made as a demonstrating example.     

基于小波去噪的地铁变形组合预测模型分析

对地铁监测数据建立相应的预测模型,对变形可进行前瞻性预测,从而保证地铁安全的施工和运营。本文以北京市地铁某基坑工程为研究对象,首先以某一监测点为例,利用小波分析对原始监测数据进行去噪处理;然后分别利用时间序列分析模型和BP神经网络模型对去噪后的数据进行建模分析,得到原数据的拟合值和对未来变形的预测值;最后利用同期Sentinel-1A卫星影像进行相干点时序InSAR处理,得到形变结果。通过分析两个模型的预测值与实际值,并与InSAR结果进行对比,验证了两个预测模型在地铁形变监测中应用的优劣性。     

以可区分度量为准则进行变形监测网的优化设计

本文采用变形模型可区分度量的概念进行监测网的优化设计。在算法上采用计算机模拟逐一更新的计算过程。为了克服常规模拟法需要人工干预的缺点,引进了一些规则,利用计算机的判断和推理过程,达到了自动设计的目的。作为示范例子,文中最后还给出了一个模拟监测网的设计结果。     

PPP与GAMIT/TRACK在地震监测中的应用

本文基于非差精密单点定位(PPP)和双差定位模式,采用研制的UNIP软件和GAMIT/TRACK运动学分析模块,对GPS技术在地震监测中的应用进行研究。利用IGS不同精度和时延的星历和钟差产品,分析了卫星轨道和钟差对两种软件动态定位结果的影响;采用不同的数据处理方案,分别提取GPS同震地表形变信息。结果表明:GAMIT/TRACK模块精密动态定位的实时性,更适用于地震等突发事件中的GPS快速响应;如果能够提供精确的卫星钟差,UNIP软件的高程精度明显优于GAMIT/TRACK模块,技术将更显优势。     

Improvement of the separability of a survey scheme for monitoring crustal deformations in the area of an active fault

 Monitoring of the crustal movements along a tectonic fault is of particular importance in the study of the mechanism of an earthquake. There are several techniques to gauge crustal deformations, including terrestrial survey methods, space-positioning techniques and permanently installed geotechnical instruments. Each technique or method has its own advantages and limitations. Integration of the various techniques into a monitoring scheme is recommended. It is discussed how a proper integrated system can significantly improve the separability of a monitoring scheme at little additional expense. Separability is the ability of a monitoring scheme to distinguish among potential deformation models, and can be used for the optimum design of monitoring schemes. Discussion concentrates on the separability between a dislocation model and a rigid movement model in the area of an active fault. The addition of a few strain observations to a conventional terrestrial survey scheme can better distinguish between the above-mentioned models. A simulated example is presented to demonstrate the idea. Received: 4 November 1997 / Accepted: 9 July 2001     

Monitoring dam structural health from space: Insights from novel InSAR techniques and multi-parametric modeling applied to the Pertusillo dam Basilicata,Italy

The availability of new constellations of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensors is leading to important advances in infrastructure monitoring. These constellations offer the advantage of reduced revisit times, providing low-latency data that enable analysis that can identify infrastructure instability and dynamic deformation processes.In this paper we use COSMO-SkyMed (CSK) and TerraSAR-X (TSX) data to monitor seasonal induced deformation at the Pertusillo dam (Basilicata, Italy) using multi-temporal SAR data analysis. We analyzed 198 images spanning 2010–2015 using a coherent and incoherent PS approach to merge COSMO-SkyMed adjacent tracks and TerraSAR-X acquisitions, respectively. We used hydrostatic-seasonal-temporal (HST) and hydrostatic-temperature-temporal (HTT) models to interpret the non-linear deformation at the dam wall using ground measurements together with SAR time-series analysis. Different look geometries allowed us to characterize the horizontal deformation field typically observed at dams. Within the limits of our models and the SAR acquisition sampling we found that most of the deformation at the Pertusillo dam can be explained by taking into account only thermal seasonal dilation and hydrostatic pressure. The different models show slightly different results when interpreting the aging term at the dam wall. The results highlight how short-revisit SAR satellites in combination with models widely used in the literature for interpreting pendulum and GPS data can be used for supporting structural health monitoring and provide valuable information to ground users directly involved in field measurements.     

基于WebGIS的滑坡监测信息管理系统设计

对滑坡变形监测资料进行有效地管理和计算分析是滑坡稳定性评价和预测预报的一项基础而关键的工作.GIS技术可实现滑坡变形监测资料的可视化管理,结合其空间分析功能可使滑坡变形分析更全面.Web技术则可以实现不同区域或不同工程的滑坡监测的集中数据存储、多终端维护与多层次的查询服务.利用ASP.NET、ArcGIS Server...     

基于地壳分层的震后变形分析

基于球体粘弹性地球模型，研究走滑断层、逆断层、张裂断层。顾及不同地壳分层结构的震后变形影响，定量分析了实际地壳分层模型与模拟均匀模型之间的地表变形差异。计算结果显示，地壳结构的不同对震后地表变形的差异影响很大，超过现有高精度测量技术的精度。     

古近系半成岩地铁车站深埋隧道矿山法施工变形规律

本文以南宁轨道交通3号线青秀山站为例，研究了古近系半成岩地铁车站深埋隧道矿山法施工变形规律及施工方法，设计了专项监测方案，对矿山法大断面施工的各项监测数据进行分析研究，重点分析了CD法和三台阶法等不同工法的初支结构变形情况。研究表明，做好地下水的控制可以保障深埋隧道安全开挖和控制周边环境变形；CD法和三台阶法在古近系半成岩粉砂岩、泥质粉砂岩，局部粉（细）砂岩等地层中均可以满足初支结构变形要求；CD法和三台阶法均可以选择的情况下，三台阶法更为经济。     

Modeling minimum and maximum detectable deformation gradients of interferometric SAR measurements

A new functional model for determining the minimum and maximum detectable deformation gradients of interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) is developed. The model incorporates both the interferometric coherence and the look number, representing an extension to the existing models that consider only the interferometric coherence. Experimental results with Envisat ASAR data show that the new model performs well for interferograms with different look numbers and interferometric coherences. The model can serve as an important tool in determining whether InSAR technology can be used effectively to monitor a particular ground deformation. In addition, the model can also be used to determine the optimum look number for multi-looking operations to result in the best deformation monitoring results.