柳林泉域岩溶地下水资源可开采量的确定

柳林泉域内赋存丰富的岩溶地下水资源，目前还没有大规模的开发利用，运用丰富的水文地质资料确定了泉城内的水文地质参数，概述了泉城含水系统的详细情况，用泉流量恢复法与均衡法计算并比较了泉域岩溶地下水资源量，在计算不同保证率的情况下对泉域的可开采资源量进行了分配，为离柳矿区的发展，合理利用岩溶地下水资源提供了较为可靠的依据。     

辛安泉岩溶水系统研究分析

辛安泉是山西省第二岩溶大泉,该岩溶泉水是长治市除漳泽水库外的主要供水水源。泉域为一完整的岩溶地下水系统,具有独立的补给、径流、排泄关系,为全排型岩溶大泉。通过对泉域岩溶地下水水文地质特征、岩溶水天然资源量、可开采资源量及开发利用现状的分析研究,为区域水资源的优化配置提供了科学依据。     

下河泉域岩溶地下水资源量分析评价

依据下河泉域水文地质条件,采用补给量法及排泄量法计算分析了泉域岩溶地下水资源量;依据泉水历年流量变化过程,采用水文过程曲线法、流量衰减分析法及频率分析法,计算分析了泉域岩溶水可开采量。     

南梁-古堆泉域岩溶地下水系统研究分析

南梁-古堆泉域岩溶水开发利用程度较高,由于不合理的开采,泉域内多处泉水已相继出现干枯断流现象,本文通过计算分析,确定了泉域岩溶地下水的天然资源量和可开采资源量,为区域水资源的优化配置提供了科学依据.     

渭北西部黄土塬隐伏岩溶区地下水资源评价及其开发利用研究

通过野外调查及已有资料的收集分析,划出了渭北西部黄土塬隐伏岩溶区不同类型的岩溶泉域系统,采用数值模拟技术模拟以及理论频率计算方法,计算出各泉域系统的开采资源量,提出了岩溶地下水的合理开发利用方案。      

ANN技术在岩溶地下水可开采量评价中的应用——以山西晋祠泉域为例

以晋祠泉域为例,分析该泉域水文地质特征。应用神经网络技术(ANN)建立泉域内县代表性的难老泉岩溶地下水位与各种补排项之间定量数学模型,对该泉域地下水可开采量进行了评价。研究结果表明,所建立的岩溶地下水位多因素神经网络模型具有较好的拟合精度,仿真程度较高,所得到的地下水可采资源量评价结果与该地区地下水开发利用实际情况较为一致。同时,还计算了不同降雨条件下地下水的可开采量,使其对地下水的开采规划更具有指导意义。     

山西省辛安泉域岩溶水资源量评价及合理配置

辛安泉是我国北方岩溶大泉,根据1956～2000年和1980～2000年两个水文系列,利用排泄量法对泉域的天然资源量进行了评价;采用最枯月水资源量分析法、泉水流量衰减法和频率分析法对可采资源量进行计算比较;同时采用补给量法对泉域岩溶水资源量进行了校核。经分析评价得出辛安泉域多年平均天然资源量10.25m3/s是有保证的,水资源可开采量为7.22m3/s,并对泉域水资源的合理配置提出了建议。     

济南明水泉域岩溶地下水数值模拟及泉水水位动态预测

应用地下水模拟软件GMS建立山东济南明水泉域的三维地下水流数值模拟模型,对泉域内岩溶地下水进行数值模拟和水平衡分析,评价了泉域岩溶地下水资源总量和在保持泉水常年喷涌条件下的岩溶地下水可采资源量。在此基础上,应用时间序列分析法对泉水水位动态进行了预测。结果表明:明水泉域多年（2003-2014年）地下水补给量为1.23×108 m3·a-1,排泄量为1.36×108 m3·a-1,均衡差为-1.30×108 m3·a-1;模型预测未来20年泉水最低水位为55.65 m,最高水位为68.72 m,平均泉流量为34.6×104 m3·d-1。      

娘子关岩溶地下水开发与保护的探索

本文在详细论述水文地质特征的基础上，注重系列的一致性，因而划分了不同时段，对全排型岩溶泉域岩溶地下水资源进行了计算，获得了良好效果，并进一步提出了泉域岩溶地下水合理持久开发的原则与方案。     

基于地下水压力波传播过程的泉水流量灰色系统模型

根据岩溶地下水的运动特征,提出了岩溶地下水压力波形成与传播的概念模型,运用灰色系统理论建立了岩溶地下水的水文模型,包括泉水流量对降水量水力响应时间的求解方法及泉水流量对降水量的响应模型,并以山西柳林泉为研究对象,建立了泉水流量对泉域内不同区域降水量的水力响应时间求解模型。结果表明,泉域南部岩溶裸露区的水力响应时间为1年;泉域北部岩溶覆盖区的水力响应时间为7年,所得结论与泉域地质构造一致。基于南、北二区的水力响应时间,建立了带有时滞的描述泉水流量与降水量关系的GM(1,3)模型,模型回代检验的平均误差为6.05%;模型预测检验的平均误差为12.19%。研究证明,岩溶地下水的运动过程是压力波的形成与传播过程,泉水流量是地下水系统对大气降水的响应;水力响应时间是反映岩溶地下水压力波特性的主要参数,通过它可以实现对岩溶地下水过程的定量化描述和含水层的非均质性识别,基于岩溶地下水压力波传播原理建立的泉水流量对泉域内降水的响应模型可以比较准确地模拟泉水流量,为岩溶地下水资源的开发利用和保护提供了基础资料。     

对鄂尔多斯盆地周边岩溶水系统的几点认识

鄂尔多斯盆地地周边分布的古生界碳酸盐岩赋存有丰富的岩溶地下水，受背景地质条件的控制，不同地段地层岩性，岩溶发育程度，岩溶水的补给和赋存富集规律均有差异，并形成了多个岩溶水系统。     

济宁地区北部岩溶地下水资源计算与潜力评价

济宁地区北部赋存有较丰富的岩溶地下水,目前已纳入当地开发利用规划。为防止过量开采引发不良环境地质问题,对该岩溶系统的资源潜力进行了科学评价。在查明济宁地区北部水文地质条件的基础上,利用水量均衡法与数值模拟法对该区岩溶地下水资源量进行了计算,通过分析地下水资源潜力模数,该区岩溶地下水资源潜力较大。     

邯郸市西部岩溶地下水的利用与开发

根据区域内岩溶地下水供需水现状，特别是通过对岩溶地下水最新开采动态资料分析，认为邯郸市西部岩溶水区尚具有一定的开发潜力，并提出了解决岩溶山区(革命老区)人畜用水的可行性和拦蓄滞洪、人工补给的有效途径，为地方经济持续发展提供决策依据，也可为北方类似岩溶地区所借鉴。     

北京市通州区龙旺庄隐伏灰岩水源地勘查与评价研究

鉴于平原区深埋岩溶裂隙不勘查比较复杂,通过地面物质,采用瞬变电磁圈定富水带,通过探采结合勘察的方法,在大兴隆起带上通过龙旺庄地区的上叠式小背斜构造位找到了一处中型优质地下水源地;通过历时一年的开采抽水试验,采用相关分析法进行资源计算与评价,在北京市平原区寻找隐优灰岩水是一次理论上和技术上的新突破,对今后平原区深埋基岩找水,勘查与评价都具有借鉴指导意义。     

Determining the groundwater potential recharge zone and karst springs catchment area: Saldoran region,western Iran

Assessing the groundwater recharge potential zone and differentiation of the spring catchment area are extremely important to effective management of groundwater systems and protection of water quality. The study area is located in the Saldoran karstic region, western Iran. It is characterized by a high rate of precipitation and recharge via highly permeable fractured karstic formations. Pire-Ghar, Sarabe-Babaheydar and Baghe-rostam are three major karstic springs which drain the Saldoran anticline. The mean discharge rate and electrical conductivity values for these springs were 3, 1.9 and 0.98 m³/s, and 475, 438 and 347 μS/cm, respectively. Geology, hydrogeology and geographical information system (GIS) methods were used to define the catchment areas of the major karstic springs and to map recharge zones in the Saldoran anticline. Seven major influencing factors on groundwater recharge rates (lithology, slope value and aspect, drainage, precipitation, fracture density and karstic domains) were integrated using GIS. Geology maps and field verification were used to determine the weights of factors. The final map was produced to reveal major zones of recharge potential. More than 80 % of the study area is terrain that has a recharge rate of 55–70 % (average 63 %). Evaluating the water budget of Saldoran Mountain showed that the total volume of karst water emerging from the Saldoran karst springs is equal to the total annual recharge on the anticline. Therefore, based on the geological and hydrogeological investigations, the catchment area of the mentioned karst springs includes the whole Saldoran anticline.     

柳林泉水化学特征及补给来源

简要叙述了柳林泉域岩溶地下水水文地质结构，明确了奥陶系上马家沟组为最主要的含水层，通过对柳林泉水及泉域内“奥灰”钻孔水质分析化验资料的主要水化学特征进行对比，确定了柳林泉南北两岸的补给来源不同，南岸来自东部子系统，北岸来自北部子系统。     

Recharge,geochemical processes and water quality in karst aquifers: Central West Bank,Palestine

The Central West Bank aquifer (CWB) is one of the most important resources of fresh groundwater of Palestine. The geology of the area consists mainly of karstic and permeable limestones and dolomites interbedded with argillaceous beds of late Albian–Turonian age. Exploitation of the CWB aquifer, combined with lack of information required to understand the groundwater pattern, represents a challenge for reservoir management. The present work reports hydrogeochemistry, microbiology and environmental isotope data from spring water samples, which were utilized to understand recharge mechanisms, geochemical evolution and renewability of groundwater in CWB aquifer. Besides the major chemical compositions, ionic ratios were used to delineate mineral-solution reactions and weathering processes. Interpretation of chemical data suggests that the chemical evolution of groundwater is primarily controlled by (1) water–rock interactions, involving dissolution of carbonate minerals (calcite and dolomite), and (2) cation exchange processes. The measured equation of the local meteoric water line is δD?=?5.8 δ¹⁸O?+?9.9. Stable isotopes show that precipitation is the source of recharge to the groundwater system. The evaporation line has a linear increasing trend from south to north direction in the study area. All analyzed spring waters are suitable for irrigation, but not for drinking purposes. The results from this study can serve as a basis for decision-makers and stakeholders, with the intention to increase the understanding of sustainable management of the CWBs.     

Development of a coupled surface-groundwater-pipe network model for the sustainable management of karstic groundwater

This paper considers the hydrogeological simulation of groundwater movement in karstic regions using a hydrological modelling system (SHETRAN) which has been adapted for modelling flow in karstic aquifers. Flow and transport through karstic aquifers remains poorly understood, yet quantitative hydrogeological models are essential for developing and implementing groundwater protection policies. The new model has been developed and used within the STALAGMITE (Sustainable Management of Groundwater in Karstic Environments) project, funded by the European Commission. The SHETRAN model is physically based insofar as most of the parameters have some physical meaning. The SHETRAN model represents all of the key processes in the hydrological cycle, including subsurface flow in the saturated and unsaturated zones, surface flow over the ground surface and in channels, rainfall interception by vegetation canopies, evapotranspiration, snow-pack development and snowmelt. The modifications made to SHETRAN to simulate karstic aquifers are (1) the coupling of a pipe network model to a variably saturated, three-dimensional groundwater component (the VSS-NET component), to simulate flow under pressure in saturated conduits; (2) the coupling of surface water features (e.g. sinking streams or "ponors", and spring discharges) to the conduit system; (3) the addition of a preferential "bypass" flow mechanism to represent vertical infiltration through a high-conductivity epikarst zone. Lastly, a forward particle tracking routine has been developed to trace the path of hypothetical particles with matrix and pipe flow to springs or other discharge points. This component allows the definition of groundwater protection zones around a source for areas of the catchment (watershed) which are vulnerable to pollution from non-point sources (agriculture and forestry).     

岩溶城镇区人类活动对地下水水质的影响

以重庆市南山老龙洞地下河流域为研究单元,通过主成分分析和实地调查,研究该区域人类活动对岩溶地下水水质的影响,并探讨污染物的来源。结果表明,受城镇区人类活动影响,老龙洞地下河流域地下水 NO3--N和PO43--P污然最为严重,按 GB5749-2006规定,研究区的地下水已不可作为饮用水源。老龙洞地下河水NO3--N含量逐年在减少,而PO43--P却在增加,赵家院子泉水PO43--P增长也十分迅速,老龙洞地下河流域地下水受城镇化影响越来越明显。老龙洞地下河水受城镇人类活动、工业活动、农业活动的共同影响,污染比泉水严重。老龙洞地下河中NO3-和SO42-含量的减少,说明采取一些积极的措施,地下水的污染是可以得到治理的。     

西北某干旱区多级储水洼地地下水数值模拟

西北某放射性废物处置场预选区,区域地下水系统包含多级独立第四系储水洼地,洼地出口以泉水排泄地下水,继而回渗补给下级洼地。根据含水层底板起伏特征,利用GMS模拟软件中的排水沟模块与溪流模块概化了泉水,通过泉流量校准与监测孔水位拟合,校正了研究区渗透系数、给水度、和储水率等水文地质参数,计算了地下水流速、流向以及地下水资源量。结果显示,研究区地下水由南向北东径流,东北部为最终排泄洼地,地下水流速缓慢,水资源相对匮乏,有利于放射性废物处置的安全。