同波束VLBI差分相位抖动与角距离的关系模型

在有2个探测器的深空探测中,利用同波束VLBI技术可解算高精度的差分相时延,进而同时提高2个探测器的测定轨精度。但是,差分相时延的解算条件严格,差分相位抖动较大时直接影响解算的成功率。针对这一问题,利用SELENE两颗小卫星Rstar和Vstar的4个测站长达1年的同波束VLBI观测数据,统计得出了差分相位抖动与其对应的角距离的关系模型。该模型的建立,既有利于提高同波束VLBI差分相时延的解算成功率,又对行星中性大气和电离层掩星观测研究具有重要的参考意义。     

用于VLBI测轨的PN-DOR信标研究

探测器DOR信号与射电源信号频谱特征不同引起的接收设备相位波动误差是月球和深空探测VLBI测轨的重要误差源之一。新型PN-DOR信标通过使用伪随机序列对现有DOR信标扩频调制生成,实现与射电源信号相似的频谱特征,可有效降低相位波动误差。研究PN-DOR信标在VLBI测轨应用中相位误差与带宽综合群时延误差计算方法,在此基础上通过比较相同发射功率条件下PN-DOR与DOR信标总时延误差,分析PN-DOR的适用条件。     

基于同波束VLBI的双差分电离层电子总量抖动与角距离关系模型

深空探测器信号穿过地球电离层时会产生信号时延和相位抖动,从而对VLBI(Very Long Baseline Interferometry)测量精度产生很大影响.利用日本SELENE 2颗小卫星Rstar和Vstar的4测站6基线长达1 yr的同波束VLBI观测数据,首次解算出了双差分电离层电子总量抖动的均方根和角距离的关系模型.6条基线的双差分电离层电子总量抖动的均方根r(单位为TECU)和角距离θ(?)的关系模型为:r=0.773θ+0.562,由基线反演出的4个测站的关系模型为:r=0.554θ+0.399.研究成果对差分相时延的解算和行星电离层掩星观测研究均有重要参考意义.     

差分VLBI技术在采样返回任务中的应用

针对采样返回任务中多探测器精密短弧定轨问题,研究了甚长基线干涉测量(Very Long Baseline Interferometry,VLBI)技术在两探测器间的交替观测模式、2π模糊度解算方法和数据差分处理方法,给出了星载信标的设计原则和方案。利用日本SELENE探月卫星的两个小卫星R-star和V-star的同波束VLBI相关相位生成了交替VLBI相位观测量,对其进行了差分处理求解差分时延,然后利用差分时延和测速测距数据进行定轨计算。对差分时延的分析表明,交替VLBI差分群时延RMS值为46 mm,测量精度与同波束VLBI差分群时延相当;交替VLBI差分相时延RMS值为1.6 mm,测量精度与同波束VLBI差分相时延相当。定轨结果表明,交替VLBI在进行多探测器的短弧定轨时能达到同波束VLBI相当的精度。     

VLBI相位连接以及相时延解算的新方法研究

甚长基线干涉测量(VLBI,Very Long Baseline Interferometry)能够提高深空探测器测定轨的精度,目前应用于深空探测中的多为差分VLBI技术(?VLBI).差分VLBI相关相位中存在时间间隔,把不同时间段的相位无整周模糊度地连接起来能清晰地反映卫星运动轨迹,有助于提高卫星的测定轨精度和开展行星无线电科学研究.同时,VLBI相时延因其超高的精度有广泛应用,但解算条件苛刻.基于此,首先利用两个频点的差分相位与单频点相位变化趋势一致的思想,研究了一种新方法连接差分VLBI单频点的相位;然后提出一种利用窄带宽(1 MHz)中的两个频点相位解算相时延的方法,并用嫦娥三号(CE3)着陆器的数据做了实际解算和验证;最后给出了仅利用数天VLBI相时延对着陆器进行定位的方法,得到的结果为(44.1239°N,19.5106°W),和事后基于美国月球侦察轨道器(LRO)窄角相机(NAC)影像数据的定位结果(44.12189°N,19.51129°W)相比,差异为百米左右,验证了仅利用VLBI相时延也能进行着陆器定位的有效性.     

嫦娥四号VLBI群时延跳变研究

相时延处理软件是嫦娥四号(CE-4)任务甚长基线干涉测量(Very Long Baseline Interferometry,VLBI)测轨分系统软件配置项之一,利用其处理着陆巡视器X波段DOR(Differential One-way Ranging)信号时,观测弧段(scan)内偶尔存在残余群时延跳变问题.论文主要分为两部分:一是根据VLBI信号接收和数据处理流程,从相关相位、频率、幅度和功率方面进行分析,最终将影响因素定位在昆明测站模拟信号异常;二是以scan内时延跳变影响因素分析为基础,通过修正异常基线相关相位,研究残余群时延跳变事后改正方法,并利用定轨软件验证其有效性,升级了相时延处理软件.     

VLBI测控信号群时延及相时延解算方法研究

由于探测器天线没有对准地球,遥测信号时有时无或卫星飞离地球更远,导致地面接收到的测控信号带宽变窄,使VLBI群时延测量误差增大,野值点增多。针对这些情况比较了剔除野值点加权幅度的直线拟合、剔除野值点加权幅度平方的直线拟合、剔除野值点加权幅度3次方的直线拟合和剔除野值点加权幅度4次方的直线拟合在求解测控信号群时延时的优劣,得出剔除野值点加权幅度平方的直线拟合3基线群时延闭合效果最好和可决系数平均值较大的结论,并作为测控信号群时延拟合方法。为了进一步减小VLBI时延测量误差,还研究了将含有整周模糊度的相时延在整个观测期间内进行连接,并整体移至群时延中间位置的处理方法,从而得到了含微小偏移量的相时延数据。含微小偏移量的相时延随机误差与群时延相比大幅降低,系统误差相对来说更易在定轨处理中解算。这为嫦娥二号奔向远方等信号变弱情况下的时延测量精度的提高提供了一种新方法。     

利用VLBI数据确定"探测一号"卫星的轨道

双星计划的“探测一号”是中国首颗真正严格意义上的科学实验卫星,其运行轨道为中国迄今所发射的卫星中距地球最远,远地点地心距达7．8万公里．采用射电天文的VLBI技术可以对“探测一号”以及更远的深空目标,如探月飞行器实现跟踪．为了验证VLBI技术在我国探月计划中的作用,上海天文台组织了国内目前仅有的上海、乌鲁木齐和昆明3个台站对“探测一号”进行试跟踪,利用对“探测一号”约两天的VLBI观测数据,确定“探测一号”卫星的轨道,对VLBI的定轨能力做初步的探讨．按照测控部门提供的初轨 (其精度仅保证跟踪)推算的轨道与VLBI时延的拟合误差平均约2 km,时延率的拟合误差平均约15 cm／s．而利用VLBI数据定轨后的拟合程度相对于初轨有了很大的改善,结果表明,单独利用VLBI时延定轨,时延的拟合精度约5．5 m,作为外部检核的VLBI时延率的拟合精度在2 cm／s左右．单独利用VLBI时延率定轨,时延率的拟合精度约为1．3 cm／s,作为外部检核的VLBI时延的拟合精度约为29 m．而若将时延和时延率数据联合定轨,采用其内符精度加权,VLBI时延和时延率的残差分别为5．5 m和 2 cm／s．为了合理地评估VLBI定轨的真实精度,利用模拟数据进行误差协方差分析,结果表明VLBI定轨精度受动力学模型误差的影响较大,由于"探测一号”卫星的动力学模型难以精确确定,所以利用两天弧段的VLBI数据确定“探测一号”卫星轨道的位置误差为km量级,而速度误差可达cm／s量级．模拟计算还表明, VLBI和USB数据联合定轨可以大大提高定轨精度．     

星载氢钟VLBI观测实验及分析

中国计划于2025年左右建立月球轨道VLBI (Very Long Baseline Interferometer)测站,将会搭载被动型星载氢钟作为时间频率标准.由于是首次在VLBI观测中使用星载氢钟,需要研究和验证其可行性.因此,利用星载氢钟作为频率基准开展了VLBI观测.实验时,分别使用主动型地面氢钟和被动型星载氢钟作为频率基准,利用上海天文台佘山25 m射电望远镜和其他测站对我国火星探测器天问一号进行了交替VLBI观测.数据处理分析结果表明,基于地面氢钟与星载氢钟的VLBI残余群时延标准差均在0.5 ns以内,表明星载氢钟可满足深空探测VLBI测定轨的精度要求,验证了其作为月球VLBI测站频率基准的可行性.     

月球交会对接VLBI差分时延研究

中国探月3期任务中,月球交会对接技术是任务成功的重要保障.利用嫦娥3号(CE03)绕月飞行的VLBI (Very Long Baseline Interferometry)时延数据,模拟仿真绕月交会对接过程中,同波束VLBI观测模式下,差分群时延的变化情况.仿真结果显示,在远程导引段,轨道器和上升组合体轨道距离保持100 km,持续半小时,差分群时延很好地反映了两者的轨道信息,可以用于定轨定位;自主控制段,上升组合体靠近轨道器,在轨道距离从5 km减小到20 m过程中,上升组合体加速追赶轨道器时,差分群时延快速趋近于0,上升组合体减速远离轨道器时,差分群时延绝对值快速变大.最后,利用嫦娥3号奔月段同时发射两个DOR (Differential One-Ranging)信号的VLBI时延数据,计算差分相时延,初步展示了月球交会对接过程中同波束VLBI差分相时延的误差情况.     

Acceleration of Numerical Integration of the Equations of Motion of Asteroids

Solar System Research - Finding and studying possible collisions of asteroids approaching the Earth requires a significant amount of computation. This paper describes the R0 program created to...     

Equation of state and anisotropy of pressure of magnetars

Magnetars are the neutron stars with the highest magnetic fields up to 10¹⁵–10¹⁶ G. It has been proposed that they are also responsible for a variety of extra-galactic phenomena, ranging from giant flares in nearby galaxies to fast radio bursts. Utilizing a relativistic mean field model and a variable magnetic field configuration, we investigate the effects of strong magnetic fields on the equation of state and anisotropy of pressure of magnetars. It is found that the mass and radius of low-mass magnetars are weakly enhanced under the action of the strong magnetic field, and the anisotropy of pressure can be ignored. Unlike other previous investigations, the magnetic field is unable to violate the mass limit of the neutron stars.     

Observations of the intensity of the penumbra of sunspots

Observations of the penumbral intensity of sunspots in 13 wavelength regions are presented. In 4 wavelength regions 54 sunspots are measured. In the other wavelength regions the number of sunspots considered ranges from 3–19.The penumbral intensity alters with position within the spot. This intensity variation is found to be comparable with the change in intensity from one spot to another. The penumbral intensity is found to be independent of spot size in the sample considered.The penumbra model of Kjeldseth Moe and Maltby (1969) with = 0.055 is supported by the measurements.     

A survey of orbits of co-orbitals of Mars

Many asteroids with a semimajor axis close to that of Mars have been discovered in the last several years. Potentially some of these could be in 1:1 resonance with Mars, much as are the classic Trojan asteroids with Jupiter, and its lesser-known horseshoe companions with Earth. In the 1990s, two Trojan companions of Mars, 5261 Eureka and 1998 VF₃₁, were discovered, librating about the L₅ Lagrange point, 60° behind Mars in its orbit. Although several other potential Mars Trojans have been identified, our orbital calculations show only one other known asteroid, 1999 UJ₇, to be a Trojan, associated with the L₄ Lagrange point, 60° ahead of Mars in its orbit. We further find that asteroid 36017 (1999 ND₄₃) is a horseshoe librator, alternating with periods of Trojan motion. This asteroid makes repeated close approaches to Earth and has a chaotic orbit whose behavior can be confidently predicted for less than 3000 years. We identify two objects, 2001 HW₁₅ and 2000 TG₂, within the resonant region capable of undergoing what we designate “circulation transition”, in which objects can pass between circulation outside the orbit of Mars and circulation inside it, or vice versa. The eccentricity of the orbit of Mars appears to play an important role in circulation transition and in horseshoe motion. Based on the orbits and on spectroscopic data, the Trojan asteroids of Mars may be primordial bodies, while some co-orbital bodies may be in a temporary state of motion.     

Graphical representation of periodic motion of the line of nodes of the Moon

In the text-books of astronomy, sections generally related to the Moon deal with the orbital elements of the Earth-Moon system such asa, e, i, , and the time of perigee passage. While the MEAN of the first of the three elements do not vary, mean longitude of the ascending node-mean longitude of the lunar perigee and the time of perigee passage undergoes secular as well as periodic changes due predominantly to the action of the Sun's gravitational attraction. While to a certain degree, explanations related to the calculation of the lunar orbit parameters are given, not a single graphical representation of these short- or long-periodic changes are presented. We allow the number of data related to these periodic changes must cover a large span of time; and if regression of the line of nodes or advances of the line of apses are to be graphically seen, data covering 18.61 and 8.85 yr, respectively, are needed. In this work we particularly aim at the graphical representation of the periodic changes of the line of nodes.