苏北盆地溱潼凹陷戴一段沉积-层序特征及其对岩性勘探的指示意义

为厘清溱潼凹陷戴一段岩性勘探有利层段及区带这一关键地质问题,应用高分辨率层序地层学、沉积学等基础理论、技术方法,综合地震、钻井岩心及测井资料,对溱潼凹陷戴一段进行了沉积-层序研究,识别出层序界面及洪泛面两类转换面,并进一步划分为1个长期、5个中期旋回层序,深凹带5个中期旋回层序发育齐全,中-外坡逐渐减少至2个,明确了泰州凸起是戴一段的主物源方向,戴一段发育扇三角洲沉积体系,沉积相带展布受物源、基准面升降共同控制。沉积-层序综合研究表明纵向上戴一段MSC1、MSC2、MSC3时期泥岩隔层发育、储盖组合有利,是岩性勘探最有利层段;平面上相带的展布决定了岩性勘探的有利区带,西斜坡的蔡家堡-陈家舍、帅西、帅垛及帅北地区处于多期扇体前缘砂岩尖灭区,是岩性/构造-岩性圈闭勘探的重点区域。     

沙埝油田沙7块阜三段高分辨率层序地层分析

以高分辨率层序地层学与沉积学等理论方法为指导,综合利用岩心、录井和测井等资料,对沙埝油田沙7块阜三段进行了高分辨率层序地层划分与对比。根据基准面旋回和可容纳空间变化原理,识别出研究区短期和中期2个级次的基准面旋回层序,其中短期旋回层序以向上"变浅"的非对称型和对称型2种基本结构类型为主;在各级次基准面旋回层序识别的基础上,将阜三段划分为3个中期旋回层序和17个短期旋回层序,并应用旋回等时对比技术进行了精细地层对比,建立了沙7块阜三段高分辨率层序地层对比格架,为进一步的储层物性预测及储层结构描述等精细地质研究奠定了基础。     

渤海中部馆陶组层序地层特征及底部界限研究

通过以岩电性、古生物、地震层序为基础的层序地层学研究,结合区域研究资料,在馆陶组识别出低位、水进和高位三种体系域;利用基准面旋回技术识别出短期基准面旋回（SSC）、中期基准面旋回（MSC）和长期基准面旋回（LSC）;馆陶组划分为2个长期基准面旋回,4个中期基准面旋回MSC1～MSC4,建立了渤海中部馆陶组及东上段高分辨率等时地层对比格架。D5-1井2 782～2 917 m井段确定为东一段地层,其顶界即为馆陶组的底界。通过对馆陶组底部界限的确定和区域馆陶组及东上段高分辨率层序地层等时对比格架的建立,对该区馆陶组底部界限进行了重新厘定,以解决油气勘探中遇到的问题。     

西湖凹陷平湖斜坡带始新统平湖组层序地层

运用高分辨率层序地层学的理论和技术,以钻井、测井、地震资料为基础,对西湖凹陷平湖斜坡带始新统平湖组进行了层序地层研究。研究区向上“变深”的非对称型短期旋回层序最为发育,反映了研究区在平湖组沉积时期处于距物源区较近或物源供给较充分的环境下;中期旋回以发育上升半旋回沉积厚度大于下降半旋回的不对称型旋回为主,层序分界面两侧为有利砂体发育的部位;在不同级次基准面旋回层序划分的基础上,建立了以中期旋回为时间-地层对比单元的钻（测）井高分辨率层序地层格架。     

北黄海盆地东部坳陷东南部层序地层特征及沉积体系

以层序地层学为理论指导,通过对地震、钻井、测井及古生物等资料的研究,建立了北黄海盆地东部坳陷东南部的层序格架。研究区的中生界可分为1个一级层序、2个二级层序、5个三级层序,在此层序格架内进行了沉积相划分及沉积体系研究,厘定了扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲、浊积扇和湖泊沉积等4种沉积体系。断陷早期,JSQ1的西部与东部分别发育了中型的扇三角洲与辫状河三角洲沉积体系;断陷中期,西部的扇三角洲沉积体系逐步扩展并在其前端多发育小型浊积扇,东部的辫状河三角洲沉积体系亦持续扩张且在JSQ4沉积期规模达到最大;断陷晚期,KSQ1内仅发育盆缘的小型扇体和滨浅湖相沉积,东部、南部隆起区未接受沉积或沉积较薄并剥蚀殆尽。沉积体系的平面展布和纵向演化受古构造与古地貌的控制。     

北黄海盆地东部坳陷东南部层序地层特征及沉积体系

以层序地层学为理论指导,通过对地震、钻井、测井及古生物等资料的研究,建立了北黄海盆地东部坳陷东南部的层序格架。研究区的中生界可分为1个一级层序、2个二级层序、5个三级层序,在此层序格架内进行了沉积相划分及沉积体系研究,厘定了扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲、浊积扇和湖泊沉积等4种沉积体系。断陷早期,JSQ1的西部与东部分别发育了中型的扇三角洲与辫状河三角洲沉积体系;断陷中期,西部的扇三角洲沉积体系逐步扩展并在其前端多发育小型浊积扇,东部的辫状河三角洲沉积体系亦持续扩张且在JSQ4沉积期规模达到最大;断陷晚期,KSQ1内仅发育盆缘的小型扇体和滨浅湖相沉积,东部、南部隆起区未接受沉积或沉积较薄并剥蚀殆尽。沉积体系的平面展布和纵向演化受古构造与古地貌的控制。     

南海北部西沙海槽盆地新生代层序地层及地震相北大核心CSCD

西沙海槽盆地是南海北部陆坡西段的一个勘探程度较低的大型新生代深水沉积盆地。基于新采集的高精度多道地震资料并结合周边地区地质特征对盆地进行了层序地层分析,在研究区内识别出8个地震反射界面,结合地震剖面振幅旋回性变化,将研究区新生代地层划分了3个超层序和8个层序,并进一步论述了各层序的顶底接触关系、地震反射特征、地层厚度、层速度及砂岩含量等。在层序格架内识别出5类典型的地震相:平行-亚平行相、楔状发散相、前积相、杂乱相及水道充填相。在地震相划分和沉积相分析的基础上,通过对各层序沉积特征和沉积发育史的分析,认为始新世研究区呈现出陆相湖盆沉积体系特征;渐新世,盆地遭受海侵,研究区接受滨海相和浅海相沉积;早中新世,盆地中部沉积大规模半深海相沉积;中中新世末海平面出现下降,陆坡半深海环境的范围有所减小,西沙海槽浊积水道的雏形形成;晚中新世之后,研究区进入稳定的区域沉降阶段,主要发育了一套半深海-深海相泥岩沉积。此外,由研究区南北缘隆起区提供物源在层序内部还发育有近岸水下扇、三角洲、扇三角洲等沉积体,由地形高差控制作用在陡坡带或断层下降盘还形成了斜坡扇、浊积体。     

南海北部西沙海槽盆地新生代层序地层及地震相

西沙海槽盆地是南海北部陆坡西段的一个勘探程度较低的大型新生代深水沉积盆地。基于新采集的高精度多道地震资料并结合周边地区地质特征对盆地进行了层序地层分析,在研究区内识别出8个地震反射界面,结合地震剖面振幅旋回性变化,将研究区新生代地层划分了3个超层序和8个层序,并进一步论述了各层序的顶底接触关系、地震反射特征、地层厚度、层速度及砂岩含量等。在层序格架内识别出5类典型的地震相:平行-亚平行相、楔状发散相、前积相、杂乱相及水道充填相。在地震相划分和沉积相分析的基础上,通过对各层序沉积特征和沉积发育史的分析,认为始新世研究区呈现出陆相湖盆沉积体系特征;渐新世,盆地遭受海侵,研究区接受滨海相和浅海相沉积;早中新世,盆地中部沉积大规模半深海相沉积;中中新世末海平面出现下降,陆坡半深海环境的范围有所减小,西沙海槽浊积水道的雏形形成;晚中新世之后,研究区进入稳定的区域沉降阶段,主要发育了一套半深海-深海相泥岩沉积。此外,由研究区南北缘隆起区提供物源在层序内部还发育有近岸水下扇、三角洲、扇三角洲等沉积体,由地形高差控制作用在陡坡带或断层下降盘还形成了斜坡扇、浊积体。     

基于沉积层序理论的高精度层序划分方案及其对岩性圈闭的预测——以珠江口盆地恩平凹陷新近系为例

南海北部珠江口盆地恩平凹陷大面积三维地震资料揭示了新近系类型丰富的砂体，在古珠江三角洲演化及相带迁移的控制下形成了较好的岩性圈闭发育条件。近年来，凹陷内发现的多个构造-岩性圈闭均与河道砂体相关。但在已有的层序地层划分方案中，河道砂体的成因、分类和展布特征与体系域的耦合关系差，砂体发育规律不明，制约了岩性圈闭的勘探效果。基于沉积层序理论，利用大范围井震资料，系统厘定了恩平凹陷珠江组一段-韩江组六段的高精度层序地层框架，并在此基础上开展了精细的三维地震沉积学解剖。分析结果显示，目的层发育的大型辫状河道、小型曲流河道和中型曲流河道，分别与低位、海侵和高位等特定体系域具有密切的耦合发育关系，进而建立了层序格架对河道砂体的有效预测模式，系统指明了凹陷不同区域、不同体系域内岩性圈闭的发育潜力及有利区。本文相关认识对其他海相三角洲盆地岩性圈闭勘探具有启示作用。     

坡折带对油气圈闭发育的约束效应——以平湖斜坡带孔雀亭区平湖组为例

坡折带对复合岩性圈闭的发育具有重要控制作用。平湖斜坡带孔雀亭地区具备坡折带发育的古地貌背景,研究其类型和对沉积砂体、相带发育及成圈模式的控制,对下一步勘探开发具有重要意义。根据研究区坡折带发育的构造位置及与洼陷的匹配关系,可将研究区划分为高区坡折带、中区坡折带与低区坡折带。按成因机制不同,可在坡折区内进一步细分出三种类型,即断裂坡折、挠曲坡折和侵蚀坡折。高区坡折带以发育侵蚀坡折为主,控制辫状河三角洲平原沉积体系,形成侵蚀沟谷圈闭;中区坡折带以发育断裂坡折和挠曲坡折为主,控制辫状河三角洲平原与前缘沉积体系,发育辫状河道与扇体,形成断块-河道侧向尖灭复合岩性圈闭;低区坡折带发育断裂坡折,控制复合砂坝,形成断块-砂坝复合岩性圈闭。     

Sedimentary facies associations and sequence stratigraphy of source and reservoir rocks of the lacustrine Eocene Niubao Formation (Lunpola Basin,central Tibet)

The Eocene Niubao Formation of the Lunpola Basin, a large Cenozoic intermontane basin in central Tibet, is an important potential hydrocarbon source and reservoir unit. It represents ∼20 Myr of lacustrine sedimentation in a half-graben with a sharply fault-bounded northern margin and a low-angle flexural southern margin, resulting in a highly asymmetric distribution of depositional facies and sediment thicknesses along the N-S axis of the basin. An integrated investigation of well-logs, seismic data, cores and outcrops revealed three third-order sequences (SQ1 to SQ3), each representing a cycle of rising and falling lake levels yielding lowstand, transgressive, and highstand systems tracts. Lowstand systems tracts (LST) include delta and fan delta facies spread widely along the gentle southern margin and concentrated narrowly along the steep northern margin of the basin, with sublacustrine fan sand bodies extending into the basin center. Highstand systems tracts (HST) include expanded areas of basin-center shale deposition, with sublacustrine fans, deltas and fan deltas locally developed along the basin margins. Sequence development may reflect episodes of tectonic uplift and base-level changes. The southern margin of the basin exhibits two different structural styles that locally influenced sequence development, i.e., a multi-step fault belt in the south-central sector and a flexure belt in the southeastern sector. The sedimentary model and sequence stratigraphic framework developed in this study demonstrate that N2 (the middle member of Niubao Formation) exhibits superior hydrocarbon potential, characterized by thicker source rocks and a wider distribution of sand-body reservoirs, although N3 (the upper member of Niubao Formation) also has good potential. Fault-controlled lithologic traps are plentiful along the basin margins, representing attractive targets for future exploratory drilling for hydrocarbons.     

Response of Cenozoic turbidite system to tectonic activity and sea-level change off the Zambezi Delta

Submarine fans and turbidite systems are important and sensitive features located offshore from river deltas that archive tectonic events, regional climate, sea level variations and erosional process. Very little is known about the sedimentary structure of the 1800 km long and 400 km wide Mozambique Fan, which is fed by the Zambezi and spreads out into the Mozambique Channel. New multichannel seismic profiles in the Mozambique Basin reveal multiple feeder systems of the upper fan that have been active concurrently or consecutively since Late Cretaceous. We identify two buried, ancient turbidite systems off Mozambique in addition to the previously known Zambezi-Channel system and another hypothesized active system. The oldest part of the upper fan, located north of the present-day mouth of the Zambezi, was active from Late Cretaceous to Eocene times. Regional uplift caused an increased sediment flux that continued until Eocene times, allowing the fan to migrate southwards under the influence of bottom currents. Following the mid-Oligocene marine regression, the Beira High Channel-levee complex fed the Mozambique Fan from the southwest until Miocene times, reworking sediments from the shelf and continental slope into the distal abyssal fan. Since the Miocene, sediments have bypassed the shelf and upper fan region through the Zambezi Valley system directly into the Zambezi Channel. The morphology of the turbidite system off Mozambique is strongly linked to onshore tectonic events and the variations in sea level and sediment flux.     

Study on the Cretaceous turbidite and reservoir features in the Qingshankou Formation in northern Songliao Basin,NE China

Based on analysis of well and drilling data, cores, sediment grains and 3D seismic data, four types of turbidites–slope fan, channelized, laminated and sublacustrine fan turbidite–are identified in Members 1 and 2 of the Qingshankou Formation in northern Songliao Basin. The slope fan turbidite is located in Members 1 and 2 of the Qingshankou Formation. It is dominated by silt and fine sand and is distributed in an SN-trending ribbon zone along the slope break at delta front in the western part of the basin. The channelized turbidite is located at the bottom of Member 1 of the Qingshankou Formation. It is dominated by silt and fine sand and is distributed in an SN-trending strip-shaped zone along the Qijia-Gulong sag, with funnel-shaped sublacustrine fans at the end. The laminated turbidite body is located in Member 2 of the Qingshankou Formation. It is dominated by siltstone and argillaceous siltstone and is distributed continuously in a tongue-shaped zone along the northern delta front towards the lacustrine region, with belt-like distributaries at the central part and sublacustrine fans at the end. Low-permeability and low-yield lithologic reservoirs are formed near the delta front within the slope fan turbidite and channelized turbidite. There are “sweet spots” in local regions, where reservoir reform techniques are required to attain high industrial yields. Laminated turbidite and sublacustrine fans can form unconventional and continuous reservoirs that generally have no natural productivity; industrial production is impossible until horizontal drilling and multistage volume fracturing are employed. Therefore, the research results are important to the exploration of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs in northern Songliao Basin.     

Sequence stratigraphy of the Miocene section,southern Gulf of Mexico

This study focuses on the interpretation of stratigraphic sequences through the integration of biostratigraphic, well log and 3D seismic data. Sequence analysis is used to identify significant surfaces, systems tracts, and sequences for the Miocene succession.The depositional systems in this area are dominantly represented by submarine fans deposited on the slope and the basin floor. The main depositional elements that characterize these depositional settings are channel systems (channel-fills, channel-levee systems), frontal splays, frontal splay complexes, lobes of debrites and mass-transport complexes.Five genetic sequences were identified and eleven stratigraphic surfaces interpreted and correlated through the study area. The Oligocene-lower Miocene, lower Miocene and middle Miocene sequences were deposited in bathyal water depths, whereas the upper Miocene sequences (Tortonian and Messinian) were deposited in bathyal and outer neritic water depths. The bulk of the Miocene succession, from the older to younger deposits consists of mass-transport deposits (Oligocene-lower Miocene); mass transport deposits and turbidite deposits (lower Miocene); debrite deposits and turbidite deposits (middle Miocene); and debrite deposits, turbidite deposits and pelagic and hemipelagic sediments (upper Miocene). Cycles of sedimentation are delineated by regionally extensive maximum flooding surfaces within condensed sections of hemipelagic mudstone which represent starved basin floors. These condensed sections are markers for regional correlation, and the maximum flooding surfaces, which they include, are the key surfaces for the construction of the Miocene stratigraphic framework. The falling-stage system tract forms the bulk of the Miocene sequences. Individual sequence geometry and thickness were controlled largely by salt evacuation and large-scale sedimentation patterns. For the upper Miocene, the older sequence (Tortonian) includes sandy deposits, whereas the overlying younger sequence (Messinian) includes sandy facies at the base and muddy facies at the top; this trend reflects the change from slope to shelf settings.     

山东荣成沿岸晚第四纪埋藏冲积扇的沉积特征及意义

钻孔资料表明，山东荣成沿海的第四纪地层中，全新世沙坝─泻湖沉积体系之下，大多埋藏着晚第四纪冲积扇，其中的粗粒沉积层常常是很好的含水层。鉴于沉积构造在钻孔中有时显示的并不明显，本文书以岩性及旋回性、粒度、分选、磨园度、矿物组成以及大型相序等方面讨论和识别埋藏冲积扇沉积物。荣成的埋藏冲积扇形成于晚第四纪低海面时期，分布于沿海丘陵坡麓直到滨海地带。目前，冲积扇的中、上部是淡水补给区，其中部或前缘以隔水层和上覆的海水或沙坝─泻湖体系隔开，使冲积扇中的淡水得以保存。充分认识埋藏冲积扇的沉积特征和标志，对于荣成沿海或与其条件类似的其他沿海地带的地下水勘探和开发具有实际意义。     

LS凹陷岩性油气藏勘探实践

LS凹陷是一个东断西超的断陷盆地,古新统MYF组低位沉积时期,西斜坡上形成了“沟＋坡＋扇”沉积格局,岩性圈闭发育其中。从岩性圈闭沉积背景出发,综合应用高分辨率层序地层学、沉积相分析、储层预测和描述等关键技术,发现了一组有利油气聚集的低位扇,揭示了一个具有相同沉积背景、相同成藏机理的勘探领域。     

Mapping sediment-dispersal characteristics using seismic geomorphology: Late Paleogene to Neogene,Qinan Sag,Huanghua Depression,China

The main objective of this article has been to demonstrate the utility of stratal slice images for exploring the sequence stratigraphy and sedimentology of complex depositional systems. The seismic-geomorphology study and sedimentary interpretation were performed to map sediment-dispersal characteristics from late Paleogene to Neogene in Qinan Sag, located in Huanghua Depression of China. The Qinan Sag is underlain by a non-marine Mesozoic and Cenozoic-age stratigraphic section. Main data types in this study area are lithology, wire-line logs and 3D seismic. The main study strata, Member one of Shahejie Formation to Minghuazhen Formation, divided into two second-order sequences and four third-order sequences. The older of the two second-order sequences, SE, corresponds to the formations from Kongdian to Dongying. The younger of the two second-order sequences, SN, correspond to Guantao and Minghuazhen formations. Guided by third-order sequence-stratigraphic correlations from seismic and wireline-log data, we prepared stratal slices from a three-dimensional seismic volume to reveal high-resolution (10-m) sediment dispersal characteristics in a relative geologic-time domain. Using techniques of 3-D seismic geomorphology, we defined four types of depositional systems: braided deltas, deltas, braided rivers and meandering rivers. Stratal slices indicated that the depositional evolution of these interest sequences was from braided-delta front to delta front, braided river and finally meandering river system. Many factors related to the structural evolution history controlled the sediment-dispersal characteristics, such as the basin type, dynamic mechanism, faulting activity, subsidence rate and paleo-high.     

东濮凹陷沙三段盐岩成因及含盐地层层序划分

东濮凹陷沙三段高水位期沉积深灰色、暗色泥岩与少量重力流砂体，低水位期沉积盐岩、膏岩、低位三角洲与扇三角洲，从而形成纵向上深湖泥岩与蒸发岩、低位砂岩的频繁互层沉积。根据岩心资料、盐岩沉积序列特点及沙三段沉积期古气候和古环境特点，认为盐岩为浅水蒸发成因。深水相泥岩与浅水成因的盐岩频繁互层表明沙三段沉积期湖平面变化频繁。基于盐韵律特征划分准层序的方法，使得层序地层划分更为符合东濮凹陷含盐地层的实际情况。