山东荣成没岸晚第四纪埋藏冲积扇的沉积特征及意义

钻孔资料表明，山东荣成沿海的第四纪地层中，全新世沙坝－泻湖沉积体系之下，大多埋藏着晚第四纪冲积扇，其中的粗粒沉积层常常是很好的含水层。鉴于沉积构造在钻孔中有时显示的并不明显，本文将以岩性及旋回性，粒度，分选，磨园度，矿物组成以及大型相序等方面讨论和识别埋藏冲积扇沉积物。荣成的埋藏冲积扇形成于晚第四纪低海面时期，分布于沿海丘陵坡麓直到滨海地带。目前，冲积扇的中，上部是淡水补给区，其中部或前缘以隔山层     

山东荣成砂坝潟湖下第四纪淡水资源

荣成沿岸砂坝-泻湖沉积体系之下、更新世沉积扇之中存在淡水资源。这对严重缺水的荣成沿岸有重要意义。冲积扇形成于第四纪冰期低海面时,冰后期海面上升使之部分地淹没,之后近岸水域演化为砂坝泻当湖。冲积扇的根部和中部是淡水的补给区,前缘以隔水层与上覆的海水和砂坝泻湖沉积隔开,保护淡水不受污染。山丘海岸具有类似条件的地区均有富存这种淡水的可能性。这为寻找沿岸地下淡水指出了新的方向。     

山东荣成砂坝潟湖下第四纪淡水资源

荣成沿岸砂坝-泻湖沉积体系之下、更新世沉积扇之中存在淡水资源。这对严重缺水的荣成沿岸有重要意义。冲积扇形成于第四纪冰期低海面时,冰后期海面上升使之部分地淹没,之后近岸水域演化为砂坝泻当湖。冲积扇的根部和中部是淡水的补给区,前缘以隔水层与上覆的海水和砂坝泻湖沉积隔开,保护淡水不受污染。山丘海岸具有类似条件的地区均有富存这种淡水的可能性。这为寻找沿岸地下淡水指出了新的方向。     

广西江平地区沙坝—泻湖沉积相序与沉积环境演变过程

本文在地貌、第四纪地质野外调查和３３个钻孔资料的基础上,运用粒度、碎屑重矿物、微体古生物和＾１４Ｃ年代测定等方法探讨江平沿岸沙坝－泻湖体系的沉积相序和沉积环境演变过程。沙坝－泻湖发育在一片起伏不平的基岩侵蚀面上,其沉积相序自下而上为：基岩侵蚀面→河床→、河漫滩相→河口湾、近岸浅海相→滨外沙坝、半封闭泻湖相→风成沙丘、封闭充填泻湖沼泽相。本区的沙坝泻湖属于海退型。作者初步认为本区沙坝可分为新、老２期     

广西江平地区沙坝-泻湖沉积相序与沉积环境演变过程

本文在地貌、第四纪地质野外调查和３３个钻孔资料的基础上,运用粒度、碎屑重矿物、微体古生物和１４Ｃ年代测定等方法探讨江平沿岸沙坝－泻湖体系的沉积相序和沉积环境演变过程。沙坝－泻湖发育在一片起伏不平的基岩侵蚀面上,其沉积相序自下而上为：基岩侵蚀面→河床→、河漫滩相→河口湾、近岸浅海相→滨外沙坝、半封闭泻湖相→风成沙丘、封闭充填泻湖沼泽相。本区的沙坝泻湖属于海退型。作者初步认为本区沙坝可分为新、老２期,老沙坝大约形成于６７００～３６００ａＢ．Ｐ,新沙坝大约形成于２３００～１０００ａＢ．Ｐ。     

新型淡水资源在荣成海岸带规划中的作用——兼论荣成新老城区的功能分工

荣成沿岸是缺水地区,沿岸工农业生产、水产养殖和加工均需大量淡水,旅游事业和日常生活则需要优质淡水。在荣成海岸带和小城镇的规划以及建筑环境的研究中,淡水资源的分布、数量和质量是必须考虑的重要因素之一。象荣成沿岸这样的缺水地区,有必要从水资源的角度对小城镇的布局和调整提出建议和意见。一、新型的淡水资源勘探实践证明,荣成沿岸存在一种新型地下淡水资源,它分布于海岸带,位于砂堤、泻湖之下,赋存于冲积扇和扇—三角洲之中。桑沟湾沿岸是这种新型淡水的分布区之一,勘探     

冰后期海进海退和沙坝-泻湖沉积体系

沙坝—泻湖体系是我国沿岸的主要沉积单元,分布较为广泛。在冰后期海进海退中,它们随海岸线的进退而不断形成和发育。本文讨论了海进型、海退型和稳定型沙坝—泻湖体系的形成过程、识别标志、分布规律和发展方向。基于我国的实例,对有关沙坝—泻湖体系的一些文献作了简要述评和讨论。     

山东乳山市白沙滩沙坝泻湖沉积体系

根据实际观测和勘测资料,介绍和总结了白沙滩沙坝、泻湖、潮流通道和外潮流三角洲等地貌单元的沉积特征和演化机理,分析了它们之间的依存演化关系.白沙滩沙坝是由全新世不同时期3条沙嘴拼贴而成的,沙坝发育导致泻湖出现.当沙坝扩展时泻湖水面缩小,当泻湖扩展时沙坝变窄,在沙坝泻湖交接地带二者呈犬牙交错关系.潮流通道增强直接影响潮流三...     

河北七里海砂坝——泻湖的沉积特征及发育过程

砂坝和泻湖通常构成一个统一的沉积体系,它们在现代海岸带分布相当普遍.对它们的研究必将对同类古代沉积有一定对比意义.我国东部沿海地带,砂坝——泻湖沉积体系有多种类型,处在不同的发育阶段,渤海西岸七里海砂坝——泻湖便是其中之一.1977年以来,我们在对滦河冲积扇——三角洲地区进行调查的同时,也对七里海砂坝——泻湖进行了调查和研究.本文将根据近年来野外调查和室内分析资料和成果,对七里砂坝——泻湖体系的沉积特征和发育过程,作一初步讨论.     

渤海湾曹妃甸沙坝-泻湖海岸沉积物搬运趋势

以沉积物粒度参数特征和区域沉积物搬运趋势模型为基础,分析了曹妃甸沙坝－泻湖海岸的沉积物搬运趋势,揭示沙坝区为沉积物辐聚区,东坑尖子沙坝后侧及泻湖区为沉积中心。     

Sequence architecture and depositional evolution of the Late Miocene to quaternary northeastern shelf margin of the South China Sea

Based on an integrated analysis of seismic, well logging and paleontological data, the sequence architecture and depositional evolution of the northeastern shelf margin of the South China Sea since Late Miocene are documented. The slope deposits of the Late Miocene to Quaternary can be divided into two composite sequences (CS1 and CS2) bounded by regional unconformities with time spans of 3–7 Ma, and eight sequences defined by local unconformities or discontinuities with time spans of 0.8–2.3 Ma. Unconformities within CS1 feature shelf-edge channel erosion, while in CS2 they form truncations at the top of the shelf margin as prograding complexes and onlap contacts against the slope.Depositional systems recognized in the slope section include unidirectionally migrating slope channels, slope fans or aprons, shelf-edge deltas and large-scale slope clinoforms. CS1 (Late Miocene to Pliocene) is characterized by development of a series of shelf-margin channels and associated slope fan aprons. The shelf-margin channels, oriented mostly NW-SE, migrate unidirectionally northeastwards and intensively eroded almost the entire shelf-slope zone. Two types of channels have been identified: (1) broad, shallow and unconfined or partly confined outer-shelf to shelf-break channels; and (2) deeply incised and confined unidirectionally migrating slope channels. They might be formed by gravity flow erosion as bypassing channels and filled mostly with along-slope current deposits. Along the base of the shelf slope, a series of small-scale slope fans or fan aprons are identified, including three depositional paleo-geomorphological elements: (1) broad or U-shaped, unconfined erosional-depositional channels; (2) frontal splays-lobes; and (3) non-channelized sheets. CS2 (Quaternary) consists mainly of a set of high-angle clinoforms, shelf-margin deltas and lower slope unidirectionally migrating channels.The relative sea level changes reflected in the sequence architecture of the study area are basically consistent with Haq's global sea level curve, but the development of regional unconformities were apparently enhanced by tectonic uplift. The development of high-angle (thick) clinoforms in the Quaternary may be attributed to a high sediment supply rate and rapid tectonic subsidence. The formation of the unidirectionally migrating channels appears to have resulted from the combined effects of the northeastward South China Sea Warm Current (SCSWC) and downslope gravity flow. The formation of the slope channels in the outer-shelf to shelf-break zone may be predominately controlled by bottom current, whereas those developed along the middle to lower slope zone may be dominated by gravity flow.     

Late glacial fans in the eastern Skagerrak; depositional environment interpreted from swath bathymetry and seismostratigraphy

The origin of acoustically transparent fan deposits overlying glacial till and ice-proximal sediments on the southern margin of the Norwegian Channel has been studied using high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles and multibeam bathymetry. The first deposits overlying glacigenic sediments are a series of stacked, acoustically transparent submarine fans. The lack of glaciomarine sediments below and between individual fans indicates that deposition was rapid and immediately followed the break up of the Late Weichselian ice cover. The fans are overlain by stratified glaciomarine sediments and Holocene mud. Because of the uniformity of this drape, the upper surface of the fan deposits is mimicked at the present seafloor, and the bathymetric images clearly show the spatial relationship of the fans to bedrock ridges and the presence of braided channel-levee systems on the surface of the youngest fans. The acoustically transparent character of the fan deposits indicates that they comprise silt and clay, and their lobate form and lack of internal stratification indicates that they were deposited by debris flows. The channel-levee morphology indicates deposition from more watery hyperconcentrated fluid flows. The fan sediments were either derived from 1) erosion of Mid Weichselian lake deposits in southern Skagerrak or 2) from Late glacial ice-margin lake deposits, ponded against the Norwegian Channel ice stream, which collapsed catastrophically when the lateral support was removed as the ice disintegrated. Fans composed almost exclusively of fine-grained sediment need not, therefore, rule out an origin in a deglacial setting relatively close to the former margins of glaciers and ice sheets.     

POSTGLACIAL TRANSGRESSIVE-REGRESSIVE SEQUENCES IN COASTAL AND DELTAICAREAS IN EAST CHINA SEA

This paper mainly deals with the internal characteristics, and formation of the post-glacial trans-gresnve-regressive sequence, as well as the distribution regularity of the sand bodies, peats and barrier-lagoon systems within post-glacial bed along the coastal and deltaic areas in Eastern China. The internal characteristics of post-glacial transgressive-regressive sequences along the coastal zones over the world are the same as those in Eastern China, and the other Quaternary marine beds arc similar to post-glacial ones in Eastern China. The conclusion, therefore, obtained from the study of postglacial transgressive-regressive sequences may be useful to the study of the other marine beds.     

长江三角洲地区晚第四纪地层及潜在环境问题

根据钻孔的沉积相序将长江三角洲分为三角洲主体、三角洲南翼和北翼等３个基本的地层分区,鉴于两翼前缘和后缘的相序具有很大差异,因而两翼均划分出前缘和后缘２个亚区。地层结构的不同决定了与沉积层有关的潜在环境问题和灾害的分布,三角洲南翼和后缘为地面沉降发育区和潜在发育区,北翼的前缘为地下海水入侵的潜在发育区,三角洲主体是污染江水的潜在渗滤区,现今河口为底辟构造潜在发育区。     

莱州湾南岸平原浅埋古河道带研究

菜州湾海岸平原在埋深６０ｍ内的浅埋古河道带,可分弥河、潍河和白浪河３个系统,它们大都呈掌状、放射状分布,并与其所属诉冲洪积扇范围相吻合,该区古河道的形成和发育是新构造运动和古气候环境演变的结果。自晚更新世晚期以来,该区有６期古河道发育,其中玉木早冰期古河道和玉木主冰期古河道的砂体沉积粒度粗、连通性好、分布广,即是富水性强、水质好的淡水含水层,又是该区海（咸）水入侵的主要通道,控制在线积粒度粗、连通     

Hawaiian submarine terraces,canyons, and Quaternary history evaluated by seismic-reflection profiling

The numerous submarine and elevated terraces that fringe shorelines of the Hawaiian Islands have been used as classic examples of mid-ocean Quaternary eustatic terraces. Submarine canyons are important geomorphic features of island slopes. Later reef growth often partly masks both the terraces and canyons. Although difficult to match from one side of an island to the other, some of the terraces have been correlated to successions of higher and lower Quaternary sea levels determined elsewhere in the world. Subbottom seismic reflection profiling now permits a new view of the problem, especially as related to the most recent marine history of Oahu. The geophysical work allows a partial deciphering of former terraces, now buried by younger reefs and sand, and at the same time shows that the heads of submarine canyons do connect with subaerial valleys beneath the succession of Quaternary nearshore deposits. However, the work has disclosed so many additional buried terraces as to raise serious doubts whether it will be possible, without improved techniques of dating the deposits themselves, to unravel the history of Quaternary sea-level changes in Hawaii, much less to correlate them with events recorded elsewhere.     

海盆沉积“源-汇”系统分析:南海北部珠江海谷-西北次海盆第四纪深水浊积扇

运用近年来采集的高分辨率地震资料和多波束测深数据,在珠江海谷及西北次海盆深海平原区发现大规模发育的第四纪重力流沉积体系,该沉积体系沿珠江海谷以北西-南南东方向贯穿整个北部陆坡,进入西北次海盆后呈扇形展开,形成珠江海谷-西北次海盆大型深水浊积扇系统。据沉积体系空间展布特征差异,将珠江海谷划分为北、中、南三段,北段为过路侵蚀和水道下切,中段以水道充填和天然堤沉积为主,南段以水道-天然堤和朵叶体沉积共存为特征,揭示出北部陆坡珠江海谷是珠江口外陆缘物质输送海盆深海平原的主要通道;海盆区总体以朵叶体发育为特色,呈扇形展布。深水扇系统可分为三期次沉积体,其区域结构记录了重力流沉积物从侵蚀、卸载到南海海盆作为限制性盆地接收陆源沉积物的全过程,为“源-渠-汇”的研究构建了一个完美的范例。本文以珠江海谷-西北次海盆第四纪深水浊积扇沉积体系为例,完整地揭示了水道-扇体的组构和特征,清晰呈现了陆坡-海盆砂体展布的规律,可为建立南海北部新近纪早期深水扇形成模式提供参考,有助于指导南海深水油气勘探工作。     

浙江长兴中-晚更新世红土植硅体与分子化石记录及其环境意义

在野外地貌、岩性和相关沉积环境调查分析基础上,对浙江长兴中—晚更新世红土进行了分析,发现其中含有较丰富的植硅体形态类型,主要来自草本、阔叶和裸子植物等,植硅体含量分布具有一定的组合特征。在温暖指数和草本覆盖指数计算基础上,获得了中—晚更新世以来的3个古植被、古气候演化组合带;运用植硅体和分子化石的相关指标(C21-/C22 、C23/C30)揭示了洪积扇红土沉积时期的植被与气候信息,即间冰期气候暖湿,风化作用强,降水较多,高等草本植物繁盛;而冰期时气候干凉,风化作用弱,降水减少和地下水位降低等则有利于洪积扇体上木本类植被发育。     

渤海莱州湾南岸平原浅埋古河道带及其与海(咸)水入侵关系研究

根据2100余个钻孔资料,并结合大比例尺地形图、航片、卫片判读分析,以及野外实地考察和沉积物样品的粒度分析、岩相分析、14C测年,研究了莱州湾南岸平原浅埋古河道带的分布规律、埋藏和沉积特征、古河道的分期断代以及与海(咸)水入侵关系。该区在埋深60m内的浅埋古河道带,可分成弥河、潍河和白浪河3个系统,它们大都呈掌状、放射状分布,并与其所属河流的冲洪积扇范围相吻合。该区古河道的形成和发育与古气候和海平面变化密切相关。自晚更新世晚期以来,该区有4期古河道发育,其中玉木旱冰期古河道和玉术主冰期古河道的砂层沉积粒度粗、连通性好、分布广,既是富水性强、水质好的淡水含水层,又是该区海(咸)水入侵的主要通道。控制在浅埋古河道带超采地下淡水,并在丰水季节利用其进行地下水回灌,是治理该区海(咸)水入侵灾害的重要措施之一。