华南下寒武统Ni-Mo-Se多金属层S-Se同位素体系

为了进一步理解华南下寒武统Ni-Mo-Se多金属层的物质来源及形成环境,文中分析了遵义中南村和张家界后坪两个Ni-Mo-Se矿层及其围岩的黄铁矿硫同位素和全岩的硒同位素组成。硫同位素组成显示两个Ni-Mo-Se矿层形成时的环境存在区域性差别,中南村矿层形成于间歇开放的海洋环境,而后坪矿层形成于封闭的缺氧（静海）环境。较大的硫同位素范围暗示硫酸盐还原菌控制硫同位素的分馏,而热液流体可能提供了大量金属元素,从而导致矿层富集大量的硫化物和稀有金属。硒同位素组成指示牛蹄塘组底部热液流体的Se可能重新经历了氧化还原循环,而Se的富集过程可能受有机质和粘土矿物吸附或类质同象过程控制。因此,控制多金属富集的因素主要为富集金属的热液流体的参与和缺氧环境下的自生沉积。     

内蒙狼山成矿带东升庙多金属硫化物矿床硫的来源及矿化过程

东升庙多金属硫化物矿床是狼山成矿带最大和最典型的铅锌多金属硫化物矿床,目前该矿床硫的来源及成矿过程仍存在争议。本文对矿区常见硫化物矿石和最重要的赋矿围岩——绢云石墨片岩中的硫化物分别进行硫同位素分析。结果显示东升庙矿床的硫化物普遍富集硫的重同位素,且矿石与围岩中的硫化物的硫同位素分布范围均较为集中。绢云石墨片岩中的黄铁矿的δ~(34)S值在+19.4‰~+23.4‰之间,具有和当时海水硫酸盐相似的硫同位素组成,指示围岩中的不规则黄铁矿是孔隙水(海水)中的硫酸盐被完全还原后形成的。矿石硫化物的δ~(34)S值在+28.3‰~+31.3‰之间,相比围岩中的黄铁矿明显富集硫的重同位素,指示两者具有不同的硫源。矿石中的硫可能源自基底地层中蒸发岩的溶解,由此形成的硫酸盐占主导的热液流体可萃取大量铅、锌等金属,当遇到狼山群地层中富含有机质的沉积岩时发生热化学还原反应,从而造成硫化物的大量卸载,形成金属硫化物矿床。     

陕西南秦岭志留系中铅锌矿床地质地球化学特征研究

文章以泗人沟、南沙沟等铅锌矿床为例,讨论南秦岭志留系中铅锌矿床形成的地质地球化学特征。矿石稀土元素地球化学反映了矿石及金属硫化物矿物与地层的稀土配分曲线的一致性．说明成矿物质主体来自于地层;闪锌矿矿物的微量元素含量及一些特征值介于热液矿床和热水沉积矿床之间．属改造型;硫同位素组成结果表明矿石与地层硫同位素组成不一致,矿石较地层富集轻硫,可能反映了造山作用产生的热液使其硫同位素发生了一定程度的均一化或者有深源硫的参加,显示出矿石硫和地层硫的混合特征;流体氢氧同位素组成特征表明成矿介质可能是封存于深部的变质流体。这些矿床地球化学特点可能反映该区域铅锌矿床的最终定位与印支一燕山期的逆冲推覆构造有关。     

湘黔新晃-天柱重晶石矿床微量稀土元素和硫同位素研究

湘黔新晃-天柱地区的早寒武世重晶石成矿带是世界上最大的重晶石矿集区,在全球范围内具有代表性,对其进行 研究具有重要的科学意义。本文通过对新晃-天柱地区的重晶石矿床微量稀土元素和硫同位素研究表明：所有样品的 、比值以及重晶石含矿岩系稀土元素具有明显的负异常表明重晶石矿床形成时处于缺氧还原环境;重晶石矿石 表现出明显的正异常,反映了成矿过程受到了较强的海底热液物质的影响,表明钡可能主要来自于海底热液喷流物质; 重晶石的δ3值主要分布在,表现出重硫富集的特征,且重晶石硫同位素呈塔式分布,表明硫源来源单一,主 要来自同期海水硫酸盐。黄铁矿δ3值低于同期海水硫同位素组成,表明生物细菌对海水硫酸盐的还原起到了很大作用, 并且反映了矿床形成于海水交换有限的滞留的海盆系统。综合以上分析认为重晶石成矿时期为海底缺氧、热液活动频繁、 封闭半封闭的台地泻湖环境。     

硒同位素地球化学研究进展与应用

多接收杯电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(MC ICPMS)与氢化物发生系统(HG)在线联机自动测样的实现,极大提高了硒(Se)同位素的分析精度和效率,推进了Se同位素地球化学的发展。本文综述了Se稳定同位素研究的最新进展及其在地质与环境中的应用。自然界中Se同位素(δ82/76Se)的变化范围可达-12.40‰~11.37‰。其同位素分馏主要取决于硒氧阴离子团的氧化还原反应,而地表水体与氧化海洋环境中的硒同位素分馏极可能与铁氧化物吸附、浮游生物的吸收有关,均可引起约1‰的分馏,且在吸附/吸收相中均倾向富集Se的轻同位素。黑色岩系中Se同位素尚未明确对古海洋还原环境的指示,但近地表中Se同位素存在的强烈分馏,指示大陆地表发生的氧化还原事件极可能导致Se同位素的明显分馏,使河流相倾向富集Se的重同位素。因此,Se同位素有可能成为了解局域至区域沉积环境的氧化还原条件以及古海洋化学演化的潜在指标。随着其分馏机制的进一步阐明,Se同位素有可能在地球、环境与生命科学中得到更为广泛的应用。     

雪峰山铲子坪金矿床稳定同位素特征及成矿地质意义

铲子坪金矿位于雪峰山构造岩浆岩带的白马山复式花岗岩体外接触带附近。本文通过对铲子坪金矿床岩石地球化学以及稳定同位素的研究,探讨其矿床成矿物质来源及矿床成因。研究结果表明:矿石中金属硫化物的δ34S介于-7.58‰~+0.32‰,平均为-2.44‰,富轻硫,表明硫化物中的硫主要来自花岗岩浆,有部分地层硫酸盐中的硫混入;铅同位素组成相对稳定,变化范围很小。根据铅构造模式图解和△γ-△β图解,铅同位素主要来源于地幔,有部分地壳铅的加入;氢、氧同位素表明成矿流体具有变质热液和岩浆热液的双重性,成矿晚期热液有大气水成分加入;碳同位素表明成矿流体与砂质板岩关系密切,与地幔或深部流体有一定的关系,矿床成矿流体中的CO2很可能为壳幔混合;锶同位素研究表明,铲子坪金矿床的(87Sr/86Sr)i组成特征与华南陆壳重熔性花岗岩初始岩浆水的(87Sr/86Sr)i组成特征基本一致,表明其成矿作用可能与岩浆热液有关。铲子坪金矿成因类型为岩浆热液型。     

大兴安岭中南段布敦化铜矿床H-O-S-Pb同位素特征及成矿指示

布敦化铜矿是大兴安岭中南段一个斑岩-热液脉型复合铜矿床,包括南部的金鸡岭斑岩型铜矿段和北部的孔雀山热液脉型铜矿段。本文在详细的矿床地质特征研究基础上,通过对矿体的氢、氧、硫和铅同位素系统研究,探讨了成矿流体和成矿物质来源以及成矿机制。氢、氧同位素组成表明,金鸡岭矿段与孔雀山矿段早期成矿流体主要以岩浆水为主,至成矿晚期有大气降水的参与。硫同位素分析结果表明金鸡岭矿段相对富集重硫,成矿热液的硫同位素组成为+2.54‰-+2.60‰。而孔雀山矿段相对富集轻硫,成矿热液的S同位素组成为-1.84‰--1.71‰,两矿段的硫同位素组成表明硫主要来源于地球深部,铅同位素组成则表明铅具壳幔混合的特点,其来源与岩浆活动密切相关。结合大兴安岭中南段区域地质演化历史认为,布敦化矿床两个矿段的成矿作用均是由流体混合而导致黄铜矿等金属硫化物的大量沉淀。     

小秦岭镰子沟金矿床成矿物质来源与成矿过程

镰子沟金矿是小秦岭驾鹿金矿田内的一个十分重要的金矿床,主要赋存于太古宇太华群秦仓沟组深变质片麻岩系中。金矿体受构造破碎蚀变带控制,主要呈脉状产出,走向与矿区主要断裂方向(北东向)基本一致。在金矿体两侧由内向外可见以钾长石化+硅化、绢云母化+硅化+黄铁矿化、绿泥石化+绿帘石化为特征的蚀变分带现象。氢氧同位素组成显示成矿流体具有岩浆水和大气降水混合的特征。氦氩同位素结果说明成矿流体具有壳幔混合来源的特点。硫同位素组成表明,矿石硫明显富集轻硫的特征,可能和成矿过程中硫同位素分馏作用有关。矿石铅同位素组成较为稳定,可能来源于太华群围岩。氢、氧、硫、铅同位素均指示了成矿过程中的水-岩反应:成矿流体在早期为富含K+的碱性热液,在上涌过程中与浅部流体逐渐混合,同时与围岩发生充分接触,通过水-岩反应进行物质和能量的交换,在矿体和围岩接触带形成了以钾长石化为特征的蚀变分带。随着成矿作用的进行,含矿热液的物理化学条件不断发生变化,同时金可能以Au(HS)2-和Au(HTe)2-形式在流体中迁移,最终在适宜的条件下沉淀、富集成矿。     

东秦岭二郎坪群中火山成因块状硫化物矿床地质地球化学特征及其成因讨论

二郎坪群是东秦岭造山带重要的组成部分,其火山建造中广泛发育有火山成因块状硫化物(VMS)矿床.文章总结并分析了南阳盆地东、西两侧二郎坪群中3个典型矿床(刘山岩、水洞岭和上庄坪)的研究资料,把二郎坪群VMS矿床分为3类:Zn-Cu型矿床(刘山岩矿床);Zn-Cu型与Zn-Pb-Cu型矿床(水洞岭矿床);Zn-Pb-Cu型矿床(上庄坪矿床).从刘山岩矿床到水洞岭矿床,再到上庄坪矿床,铜的含量减少,铅的含量增多.二郎坪群VMS矿床矿石富集LREE、Ce负异常及Eu正异常,说明矿床为热液成因.石英和重晶石中流体包裹体的氢氧同位素特征表明,成矿流体主要来自建造水,南阳盆地以西,矿床成矿流体中伴有较多古大气降水.矿石的硫同位素特征说明,二郎坪群VMS矿床中的硫可能为地幔岩浆硫和海水硫的混合硫.围岩与矿石的铅同位素组成基本一致,说明矿石和围岩可能来源于相似的物源区,成矿元素主要来源于地幔或下地壳深源物质,而水洞岭矿床明显有上地壳浅源物质的混染.研究表明,南阳盆地以西的水洞岭和上庄坪矿床可能形成于大陆边缘海环境,盆地规模较小,受陆源物质影响较大;而南阳盆地以东的刘山岩矿床可能形成于远洋盆地,盆地到达成熟阶段.用地震泵模式可解释二郎坪群VMS矿床的成因机制.     

黔东注溪黑色岩系地球化学特征及矿化富集规律

目前急需分析黔东注溪钒矿形成的环境、成矿的物质来源以及矿化富集规律,指导实际地质勘查工作.系统研究了注溪矿区内中洞、老屋基和坪哨3个典型岩性剖面中黑色岩含矿岩系及矿层的全岩主微量元素组成.结果表明,含矿岩系具有较高的SiO₂、MnO、Ce/Ce*和Eu/Eu*值,而矿层则含相对较高的Al₂O₃、Fe₂O₃、TiO₂、CaO、Na₂O、K₂O、P₂O₅、V₂O₅、REE、As、Cu、Pb、Zn、Mo、Ni、Ti、Cr、Rb、Sr、Th、U和V.含矿岩系与矿层的主微量地球化学特征显示注溪钒矿床的成矿物源具有一定程度陆源物质的输入,且在成矿阶段受到了热水作用及生物作用的影响.另外,由南至北各剖面的热水成矿作用逐渐减弱;含矿岩系及矿层沉积环境均属缺氧环境,其中坪哨剖面的矿层沉积环境的缺氧程度要高于其他剖面.因此,注溪钒矿床钒富集成矿主要受古环境的还原条件和热液活动的影响,其中还原环境对钒元素的富集成矿起主要作用.据此推测坪哨剖面矿层形成时的海水深度应最深,北矿段中洞剖面的最浅;喷流热水带来的V等大量多金属元素在喷口及其附近大规模成矿.      

Selenium isotopes trace the source and redox processes in the black shale-hosted Se-rich deposits in China

We analyzed the Se isotopic composition of black shales and related kerogen and sulfide fractions from the Zunyi Ni-Mo-Se deposit, the La’erma Se-Au deposit and the Yutangba Se deposit in southern China to constrain metal sources and accumulation processes, both subjects of disagreement in the scientific community. Se at the Zunyi Ni-Mo-Se polymetallic deposit displayed a restricted range of δ⁸²Se values (−1.6‰ to 2.4‰ with a mean of 0.6‰) suggesting a major hydrothermal origin where aqueous Se was probably transported as H₂Se, along with H₂S, and precipitated directly as selenides or in sulfides. Se at the La’erma Se-Au deposit covers a larger range in δ⁸²Se values (−3.8‰ to 5.4‰ with a mean of 0.3‰), suggesting Se redistribution following redox transformations, leading to kinetic isotopic fractionation. The largest Se isotopic variation so far in natural terrestrial samples was found in the Yutangba Se deposit, with δ⁸²Se values varying from −12.77‰ to 4.93‰. On the basis of variations in Se isotopes in the deposit, along with other geological and geochemical evidence, the “redox model” (supergene alteration) explains the occurrence of native Se in the deposit. Overall, hydrothermal systems may be a potentially important Se source to form economic deposits in comparison to seawater sources. Significantly, our study indicates that either secondary hydrothermal or supergene alteration is a key factor in Se enrichment in black shales. Redistribution of Se, and probably other redox-sensitive metals like Mo, Cr and V, leads to isotopic fractionation which may be used to fingerprint such alteration/precipitation processes.     

云南水头山铅锌矿床闪锌矿Rb-Sr定年及其地质意义

水头山铅锌矿床位于保山地块南端芦子园矿集区,区内以发育矽卡岩型和热液脉型两类铅锌矿化为特点.为查明铅锌多金属成矿作用过程,本文对水头山热液脉型铅锌矿床主成矿阶段的闪锌矿开展了Rb-Sr同位素组成测定,获得闪锌矿的Rb-Sr等时线年龄为135.8±4.2Ma(MSWD=1.70,n=6),结合区内其他矿床的成矿年龄,认为...     

湘黔地区下寒武统黑色岩系中镍-钼矿床黄铁矿的成因

重点研究了贵州遵义中南村和湖南张家界三岔镍-钼多金属矿床的黄铁矿,矿床成因为热水喷流沉积型.黄铁矿样品S/Fe比值的平均值为2.0093-2.048,成分特征均属于铁亏损型,说明其形成温度低.Co/Ni变化范围为0.077~4.5,均值为2.197.据Co/Ni的比值可以判断本区的黄铁矿主要为热液成因,矿化物质来源为热水喷流体系内的热液.成分图解标型显示,黑色岩系中高ω(Co+Ni)/ω(Fe)的黄铁矿和高ω(As+Se+Te)/ω(S)的黄铁矿均大量出现,可能与热水喷流沉积的温差变化范围较大有关.而并非正常沉积的产物.S/Se比值为950.8-1059.9,说明生成环境均一程度较高,而且海水温度比较高.由中南村镍-钼矿床的Se/Te值也能判明其为热液成因.关于黄铁矿的研究对本区镍-钼矿床的寻找有重要意义.     

陕西银硐子－大西沟菱铁银多金属矿床热水沉积岩相特征及成因

陕西银硐子-大西沟特大型菱铁银多金属矿床赋存于中泥盆世吉维特期之上的热水岩相中,其微相可划分为热水同生沉积-沸腾交代微相、热水同生交代微相、热水同生沉积微相、热卤水渗滤交代微相、热水混合沉积微相。热水沉积岩富Na、Si、Fe、Mg、Mn、Ba、Cu、Pb、Zn、As、Ag、B等。在热水沉积盆地中,由富Ba的硫酸质热水、富Fe碳酸质热水以快速化学沉淀方式发生同生沉积成矿作用形成重晶石、菱铁矿层。银多金属矿层是由不同成分、性状、富Na、B、Si的铝硅酸质、硼酸质热水与前两类热水相互混合而形成热水混合体系,这种非平衡体系发生了剧烈地化学反应而使矿质发生骤沉。     

四川巴塘夏塞花岗岩和银多金属矿床年龄及ち颉⑶ν位素组成

为了解四川西部夏塞银多金属矿区黑云母二长花岗岩形成和矿化发生的时代及成矿物质来源,测定了该矿区绒依措和若洛隆花岗岩的Rb_Sr年龄和钾长石、黑云母及主要银矿化阶段石英的40Ar/39Ar年龄及矿石的硫、铅同位素组成。花岗岩的结晶年龄约为93Ma,银矿化年龄约为75Ma。矿石硫可能源于花岗岩,但不能排除源于弱沉积围岩的可能性;矿石、花岗岩和弱变质沉积围岩的铅同位素组成相似,铅主要源于上地壳,少量源于下地壳。     

Fluid Inclusions and C,H, O,S, and Pb Isotopic Compositions of the Dabaoshan Cu Polymetallic Deposit,Northern Guangdong Province,South China

The Dabaoshan deposit in Northern Guangdong Province, South China, is a Cu–Mo–W–Pb–Zn polymetallic deposit, located in the southern part of the Qin–Hang porphyry–skarn Cu–Mo ore belt. The deposit mainly comprises porphyry Mo and stratiform skarn Cu ore deposits. The genesis of the Cu ore deposit has been ascribed to a typical skarn ore deposit formed by the metasomatism of Devonian carbonate rock layers or to a volcanic rock‐hosted massive sulfide deposit formed by marine exhalation. In this paper, we report on the homogenization temperatures and salinities of fluid inclusions and C, H, O, S, and Pb isotopic compositions of fluids and minerals in this deposit. Homogenization temperatures and salinities of fluid inclusions in garnet, diopside, quartz, and calcite provide information on the skarnification, mineralization, and postmineralization stages. The data show that ore‐forming fluids experienced a continuous transition from high temperatures and salinities to low temperatures and salinities over the entire period of mineralization. C, H, and O isotopic compositions indicate that ore‐forming fluids were derived mainly from magmatic water. O isotopic compositions indicate that ore‐forming fluids mingled with atmospheric water during the last stage of mineralization. Sulfur in the ore came mainly from deep magmatic sources. Pb isotopic compositions in the orebody show that almost all the lead in the ore was derived from magma with a crustal source. Combined geological, geophysical, and geochemical data were achieved before we proposed that the Dabaoshan porphyry–skarn Cu–Mo–W–Pb–Zn deposit, as one member of the Qin–Hang porphyry–skarn Cu–Mo ore belt, formed during the Jurassic subduction of the paleo‐Pacific plate beneath the Eurasian continent at quite low angle. NE‐ and EW‐trending structures controlled the emplacement of magmatic rocks in the South China region. In the mining area, the Xiangguanping Fault and its branches were the main conduits for magmatic crystallization and mineralization. The many subfaults, folds, and interlayer fracture zones on both sides of the main fault provided the requisite space for the ore and, together, were the controlling structures of the orebody.     

鄂西北地区银金多金属矿床地质特征与成矿规律

鄂西北地区指湖北省武当山及其西北部等地,位于青峰断裂北侧,是秦岭成矿带的重要组成部分,以产银、金等多金属而闻名,蕴含了银洞沟、许家坡、佘家院、六斗等大中型银金(铅锌)或金(锑)矿床。根据区内矿床分布特征及控制因素,以十堰—鲍峡断裂为界将其划分为北带与南带。北带多以金、金锑矿床为主,沿郧阳—郧西断裂两侧分布,矿床多产在上覆陡山沱组地层和古生界地层中;南带主要有银洞沟银金矿床、许家坡金银矿床,矿床集中产于新元古界武当山群。区内矿床均受NW向韧性韧脆性剪切带及其次级断裂控制。碳氢氧同位素组成显示区内银金、金矿床成矿流体以变质热液为主,后期混入了大气降水,而金锑矿床可能为大气降水主导。硫同位素组成显示成矿流体的区域活动性和地层硫源特征。根据成矿元素的富集特征,下伏武当山群Cu、Pb、Zn、Au、Ag元素富集,在上覆陡山沱组、灯影组及古生界地层中依次出现Ag-Au、Au-Ag、Au、Au-Sb矿床,而在研究区西部的陕西境内泥盆纪地层有大量的Au-Sb、Hg-Sb矿。区内成矿元素的垂向分布特征符合地壳连续模式,矿床形成与地层本身具有较高丰度有密切联系,并在构造控制下就位。结合矿床地质、成矿流体及成矿时代,认为鄂西北地区银金、金、金锑矿床是形成于三叠纪古特提斯洋缝合过程中洋陆增生体制下的造山型矿床。     

豫西南泥湖矿田钼钨及铅锌银矿床地质特征及其成矿机理探讨

豫西南泥湖钼钨铅锌银矿田位于华北克拉通南缘金堆城—南泥湖钼钨多金属成矿带的东部。在矿田内除了早期探明的斑岩—夕卡岩型钼钨矿床和夕卡岩型多金属硫铁矿床外,最近几年又在其外围发现了热液脉型铅锌银矿床,它们在空间上呈规律性分布。成矿流体及硫、铅同位素研究表明:钼钨及多金属硫铁矿床与铅锌银矿床为同一成矿系统的产物,成矿流体主要来源于岩浆水,晚期有大气水加入,成矿物质和花岗斑岩一起源于下地壳。年代学研究表明:钼钨铅锌银大规模成矿作用发生在140 M a左右,形成于中国东部构造体制大转换晚期的岩石圈伸展环境。其成矿机理为:在华北克拉通南缘由于俯冲的扬子板片可能发生断离,软流圈物质通过板片断离窗上涌,幔源岩浆在壳幔边界附近发生底侵作用,诱发碰撞加厚的下地壳部分熔融形成含矿的花岗质岩浆,沿NNE向断层与EW向的断层交汇处上升并在较高的构造层次上侵位,形成花岗斑岩体以及钼钨矿床、多金属硫铁矿床及铅锌银矿床。     

U-Pb dating and trace element of titanite and garnet as indicators of the age and ore-forming condition of skarn W deposit: A case study of the Xiaoyao W polymetallic deposit in southern Anhui,China.SCIEI北大核心CSCD

逍遥矿床是安徽南部新发现的大型钨多金属矿床,其精细的岩浆-热液时限及成矿作用仍不明确。本文对其开展了石榴子石和榍石的U-Pb年代学和微量元素分析,发现逍遥矿床发育多阶段榍石(岩浆榍石和热液榍石),岩浆榍石与石英、磁铁矿、长石共生,而热液榍石与石英、方解石、辉钼矿、黄铜矿关系密切。逍遥矿床中石榴子石和榍石中均具有一定的U含量,其中石榴子石中U含量较低(平均为15.9×10^(-6)),岩浆榍石和热液榍石的U含量较高(平均值大于100×10^(-6))。石榴子石和榍石U-Pb同位素定年结果显示成岩和W多金属矿化均形成于150Ma左右,指示W多金属矿化与花岗闪长岩密切相关。岩浆榍石、钾长石、石英、磁铁矿矿物组合指示逍遥成矿岩浆具有氧化性强和富水的特征。逍遥钨矿中的石榴子石以钙铁榴石为主且富集W、Sn特征,指示早期流体为氧化性流体。此外,热液榍石中HFSE元素的高度富集表明其成矿流体为富碱、富F的热液系统,为钨、铅、锌、铜、银、钼多金属的富集提供了有利热液条件。综上所述,石榴子石和榍石能够有效指示矽卡岩W矿的成矿时代和成岩成矿条件。     

Geological, geochemical characteristics and isotope systematics of the Longqiao iron deposit in the Lu-Zong volcano-sedimentary basin, Middle-Lower Yangtze (Changjiang) River Valley, Eastern China

The Middle-Lower Yangtze (Changjiang) River Valley metallogenic belt is located on the northern margin of the Yangtze Craton of eastern China. Most polymetallic deposits in the Changjiang metallogenic belt are clustered in seven districts where magmatism of Mesozoic age (Yanshanian tectono-thermal event) is particularly extensive. From west to east these districts are: E-dong, Jiu-Rui, Anqing-Guichi, Lu-Zong, Tong-Ling, Ning-Wu and Ning-Zhen. World-class iron ore deposits occur in the Lu-Zong and Ning-Wu ore clusters, which are mainly located in continental fault-bound volcanic-sedimentary basins. One of these deposits is the Longqiao iron deposit, discovered in the northern part of the Lu-Zong Basin in 1985. This deposit consists of a single stratabound and stratiform orebody, hosted in sedimentary carbonate rocks of the Triassic Dongma'anshan Formation. A syenite pluton (Longqiao intrusion) is situated below the deposit. The iron ore is massive and disseminated and the ore minerals are mainly magnetite and minor pyrite. Wall rock alteration mostly consists of skarn minerals, such as diopside, garnet, potassic feldspar, quartz, chlorite, phlogopite and anhydrite. Thin sedimentary siderite beds of Triassic age occur as relict laminated ore at the top and the margin of the magnetite orebody. These sideritic laminae are part of Triassic evaporite-bearing carbonate deposits (Dongma'anshan Formation).Sulfur isotopic compositions show that the sulfur in the deposit was derived from a mixture of magmatic hydrothermal fluids and carbonate–evaporite host rocks. Similarly, the C and O isotopic compositions of limestones from the Dongma'anshan Formation indicate that these rocks interacted with magmatic hydrothermal fluids. The O isotopic compositions of the syenitic rocks and minerals from the deposit show that the hydrothermal magnetite and skarn minerals were formed from magmatic fluids. The Pb isotopic compositions of sulfides are similar to those of the Longqiao syenite. Phlogopite coexisting with magnetite in the magnetite ores yielded a plateau age of 130.5 ± 1.1 Ma (2σ), whereas the LA-ICP MS age of the syenite intrusion is 131.1 ± 1.5 Ma, which is slightly older than the age of phlogopite.The Longqiao syenite intrusion may have crystallized from a parental alkaline magma, generated by partial melting of lithospheric mantle, during extensional tectonics. The ore fluids were probably first derived from magma at depth, later emplaced in the sedimentary rocks of the Dongma'anshan Formation, where it interacted with siderite and evaporite-bearing carbonate strata, resulting in the formation of magnetite and skarn minerals. The Longqiao iron deposit is a skarn-type stratabound and stratiform mineral system, genetically and temporally related to the Longqiao syenite intrusion. The Longqiao syenite is part of the widespread Mesozoic intracontinental magmatism (Yanshanian event) in eastern China, which has been linked to lithospheric delamination and asthenospheric upwelling.