联合小波和NLM滤波的侧扫声纳回波信号降噪

为进一步降低侧扫声纳回波信号中非高斯分布的乘性噪声,获取更佳效果的侧扫声纳图像,提出了一种利用小波和NLM(nonlocal means)滤波的组合降噪方法。首先采用同态变换将侧扫声纳回波ping信号中的乘性噪声转换为加性噪声,然后利用小波阈值和NLM滤波对侧扫声纳每ping回波数据实施降噪处理,最后经过小波反变换和指数变换获取降噪后信号和图像。仿真实验和实测数据验证结果表明,该方法适用于侧扫声纳回波信号处理,可以获取较好的图像降噪效果。     

水声信号的一种非线性降噪方法

采用基于非线性动力学系统的局部投影非线性降噪理论,研究了水声信号的非线性降噪问题,并对传统的局部投影算法进行了改进.采用自适应调整邻域大小的方法,改善了传统局部投影算法的邻域选择问题;利用局部投影算法中局部协方差矩阵存在特征值突变的现象,有效地解决了信号子空间和噪声子空间的划分难题.以Henon混沌时间序列为仿真模型,对传统的局部投影算法,以及改进后的算法的降噪性能进行了验证比较,结果表明,改进后的算法更加有效地抑制了噪声.     

噪声相关时多通道带乘性噪声系统最优滤波

针对多通道乘性噪声系统问题的实际需要 ,推广 Rajasekaran滤波算法 ,利用线性最小方差的概念和投影公式 ,导出含有乘性噪声统计特性参数阵特殊乘法运算的新息协方差矩阵 ,并利用这个中间矩阵 ,在观测为多通道 ,且各个通道的乘性噪声不同 ,以及系统的动态噪声和观测噪声同时刻相关的情况下 ,导出状态递推滤波算法 ,该算法在线性最小方差意义下是最优的。并对该算法进行仿真研究 ,仿真结果表明了该算法的有效性     

带乘性噪声系统的多尺度最优滤波融合算法

利用小波变换和多尺度分析的思想，将基于模型的动态系统分析和基于统计特性的多尺度信号变换方法相结合。提出了在线性最小方差意义下的带乘性噪声系统的多尺度最优滤波融合算法。并用计算机仿真说明了融合算法的有效性。     

一类具有等式约束的带乘性噪声系统的最优滤波算法

针对动态数据处理领域观测方程中存在乘性噪声的情况,提出在乘性噪声系统中状态附等式约束的一套滤波算法。该算法首先通过把观测向量进行扩维,然后基于投影定理进行滤波求解得到基于线性最小方差的最优滤波算法。通过与基于最优化理论的方法求解得到的算法进行对比分析及仿真对比验证了该算法的有效性。     

基于最小均方误差算法消除GPS接收机噪声

从解决GPS接收机受干扰的实际需求出发，阐述了基于LMS算法的自适应滤波器基本原理和不同的噪声产生方式，并对GPS接收机仿真信号与噪声进行叠加。最后用基于LMS算法的自适应滤波器对仿真信号进行消噪处理，得到良好的消噪效果，证明了基于LMS算法的自适应滤波器能够应用于GPS接收机滤波系统。     

多通道带乘性噪声系统观测噪声的最优估计

研究在多通道观测时观测噪声的最优估计问题。就多通道的乘性噪声为对角阵且动态噪声一步相关并与观测噪声在同时刻和过去相邻时刻也相关的复杂情况下给出了在线性最小方差意义下的观测噪声最优滤波估计算法和固定区间平滑估计算法。针对这些算法进行了仿真研究 ,仿真结果表明了算法的有效性。     

带乘性噪声系统在加性噪声相关时的最优滤波

针对石油地震勘、通讯工程、语言处理等应用领域 ,该文研究一种在更弱的噪声限制条件下带乘性噪声系统的状态最优滤波 ,就动态噪声为有色噪声及动态噪声和量测噪声在有限时间段上相关的情形 ,给出了线性最小方差意义下的状态最优滤波算法 ,并对此算法作了仿真计算 ,获得满意的结果     

一类带乘性噪声2-D奇异系统的滤波算法

针对一类带乘性噪声2-D奇异系统的Roesser模型,提出了一种状态滤波算法。该算法首先对无跳跃模的2-D奇异Roesser模型进行等价变换,变换为2个降阶的子系统,其中子系统一可继续变换为易于处理的动态噪声和量测噪声在同一坐标点相关的非奇异带乘性噪声FM-Ⅱ模型;然后基于正交投影定理,得到了带乘性噪声2-D奇异Roesser模型的状态滤波算法,同时得到了带乘性噪声2-D FM-Ⅱ模型的状态滤波算法。上述算法在线性最小方差意义下是最优的,仿真验证了算法的有效性。     

风浪背景下舰船水压场信号的自适应AR模型预测滤波

为了有效地从风浪背景中检测舰船水压信号,首先根据舰船水压信号和波浪噪声的特点以时间序列的AR模型理论为依据,导出一种便于实现的自适应滤波器结构,并用NFTF自适应算法实现对舰船水压信号的预测滤波,取得了明显的效果.计算机仿真实验结果表明,给出的方法对抗波浪干扰具有良好的性能.     

Displacement Response Reconstruction of Slender Flexible Structures Based on Cubic Spline Fitting Method

How to reconstruct a dynamic displacement of slender flexible structures is the key technology to develop smart structures and structural health monitoring(SHM), which are beneficial for controlling the structural vibration and protecting the structural safety. In this paper, the displacement reconstruction method based on cubic spline fitting is put forward to reconstruct the dynamic displacement of slender flexible structures without the knowledge of modeshapes and applied loading. The obtained strains and displacements are compared with the results calculated by ABAQUS to check the method's validity. It can be found that the proposed method can accurately identify the strains and displacement of slender flexible structures undergoing linear vibrations, nonlinear vibrations, and parametric vibrations. Under the concentrated force, the strains of slender flexible structures will change suddenly along the axial direction. With locally densified measurement points, the present reconstruction method still works well for the strain concentration problem.     

一种海岸带高分辨率遥感图像椒盐噪声滤波的新方法

椒盐噪声是常见的图像噪声,典型的图像平滑算法不能区分海岸带高分辨率遥感图像中的噪声点和信号点,常造成图像平滑后海岸线等细节损失。提出先识别噪声点再进行去噪的新方法,通过统计关联参数用双阈值识别噪声,然后用中心权值为零的模板平滑噪声点。实验表明,该方法在滤除椒盐噪声的同时,较好地保持了海岸线等细节。     

基于四阶累积量的被动测向声纳高分辨力算法研究

利用高阶累积量的阵列扩展和抑制高斯噪声特性,提出1种基于四阶累积量的逆波束形成算法,并通过滑动平均进一步改善了算法。仿真结果和实验数据表明:逆波束形成算法较常规波束形成方法在空间方位分辨力和噪声抑制能力上明显提高,可以更有效地应用于被动测向声纳中。     

Back analysis of an operating subsea tunnel considering the degradation of ground and concrete lining

ABSTRACT

An evaluation of the stability of subsea tunnels during operation is very important considering the risks involved with subsea tunnels. Although a large volume of monitoring information can be obtained, back analysis has been performed based on the internal displacement. In this study, the efficiency of an estimation of the safety of an operating subsea tunnel has been improved by implementing the back analysis algorithm based on various monitoring information. The differential evolution algorithm was adopted for back analysis of an operating subsea tunnel. The differential evolution algorithm was improved to accommodate the multiple target variables for back analysis, such as the elastic modulus, cohesion, friction angle of the ground, and the time-dependent elastic modulus of concrete lining. In addition, the elastic modulus of the concrete lining and the properties of reinforced ground can be evaluated with the proposed algorithm using a range of monitoring data, such as the internal displacement and stress acting on the lining. In summary, back analysis with a differential evolution algorithm can be used to evaluate the stability of an operating subsea tunnel.     

Multibody dynamical modeling of the FPSO soft yoke mooring system and prototype validation

The Soft Yoke Mooring System (SYMS) is a single point mooring system for shallow water. It is composed of a mooring framework, mooring legs, yoke, and single point, and is located at the Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) through 13 hinge joints, such as universal joints and thrust bearings. Mooring restoring force, motions and postures of mooring components, and mechanical behaviors of hinge joints are major criteria for the structural design of the SYMS. Aiming at the difficulties of the multibody dynamics in traditional design of the SYMS, a multi-body dynamic mathematical modeling with seven independent degrees of freedom (DOFs) which is applicable to prototype field engineering was developed in this study. The proposed mathematical modeling of the SYMS multibody dynamic system has several advantages: 1. Internal tribological behaviors in hinge joints are considered within the presented multibody dynamics model to illustrate the good dynamic effects of the SYMS. 2. The multibody dynamic model can be applied in field service. Correctness and feasibility of the proposed multibody dynamic simulation method for describing motions and postures of hinges and single-body were validated by the prototype monitoring data. 3. The horizontal restoring force of the SYMS was calculated according to field measurement data. The motion state of each single body and internal stress distributions at each hinge joint in the SYMS are given. 4. The multibody dynamics calculation program can be directly used for the real-time monitoring of mechanical behaviors of the SYMS under the service state. The simulated results can provide real-time guarantee for safety alarming of the system. The vulnerability of the mooring system in service was evaluated based on long-term monitoring data analysis.     

顶点成分分析算法在端元数目估计中的应用研究

确定端元数目是混合像元分解中端元提取的前提,目前端元数目主要还是通过图像处理人员目视判读来获取。 在研究顶点成分分析算法的原理和端元光谱之间在大多数情况下相互独立的基础上,提出一种基于顶点成分分析算法的端元数目估计方法。 通过在不同端元数目、对噪声的稳健性、图像大小不同时的实验表明,该方法能够比较正确、有效地估计图像中的端元数目,文中方法与其他端元数目估计算法及相关系数阈值的自动化确定问题还需要进一步研究。     

基于MEMS加速度计空投浮标的波浪测量方法试验研究

针对基于MEMS加速度传感器的空投波浪浮标存在采样频率与测波精度低的问题，根据频域衰减积分算法，提出一种相应的波浪测量算法，为了验证该算法测波的准确性，开展了多功能水槽试验研究。该算法旨在将MEMS加速度传感器输出的加速度与姿态角转化为浮标运动的波形，首先将加速度与姿态角信号进行竖向处理获得竖直方向的加速度，再利用离散傅里叶变换将竖向加速度转化为频域内的加速度复数序列，然后引入控制函数减弱低频噪声，经过频域积分、离散傅里叶逆变换、时域积分获得竖直方向的位移，最后通过后处理得到最终的波形。多功能水槽试验采取10中不同波高和周期的工况，对比空投波浪测量浮标与波高仪的测量结果，试验结果表明，浮标的测量误差在10%以内，达到测波标准。     

一种功率谱相关的基元域近场强干扰抑制方法

针对影响拖曳线列阵声纳系统目标检测性能的两种典型近场强干扰源,由宽带近场阵列模型,提出了基于功率谱相关的干扰抵消方法,通过比较基元域频域信号与干扰波束信号功率谱之间的相似关系,找到与每路基元信号相匹配的干扰分量信号,最后通过频域块自适应滤波算法实现每路基元域信号中的干扰抵消。宽带仿真结果与海试表明,这种方法在强干噪比和低信噪比条件下,比最小方差无失真响应和传统基元域干扰抵消方法在阵增益方面提高约10dB。相比传统基元域干扰抵消方法,这种方法能够实现抵消拖船干扰的同时抵消邻近目标强干扰。