Organic Geochemistry of Sedimentary Rock-hosted Disseminated Gold Deposits in Southwestern Guizhou Province, China

Sedimentary rock-hosted disseminated gold (SRHDG) deposits in the Youjiang-Nanpanjiang Basin,southwestem Guizhou Province are commonly hosted by the same fold crests that commonly contain a remarkable amount of organic material. The total organic carbon (TOC) contents of the ores and host rocks are usually less than 1%. The reflectance of vitrinite and pyrobitumen in the ores and the host rocks ranges from 1.5% to 4.5%, often in the range of 2% to 3%. In the Lannigou deposit, the reflectance of vitrinite and pyrobitumen in the ores is usually somewhat higher than those within the host rocks, indicating a hydrothermal impact on the organic matter in the altered host rocks. On the contrary, the estimated maximum paleotemperatures of the Getang and Zimudang deposits are higher than the homogenization temperatures of the fluid inclusions in the ores, signifying that the organic matter maturation predated Au mineralization. No correlation between the organic matter contents and Au concentrations were recognized in the ores.However, the most striking observation is that there is a positive correlation between the $2 (a parameter of Rock-Eval analysis), Au and As contents of the ores in the Lannigou deposit. Organic matter maturation and migration is apparent from the TOC vs. HCI diagram. Furthermore, group analysis of the dichloromethane extractable organic component of the ores and host rocks shows that the maturation degree of the organic matter in the ores is slightly higher than that of the host rocks in the Lannigou gold deposit. However, the compositions of their alkanes, steranes and terpenes, which serve as biomarkers, are quite similar; this suggests that the organic matter found in the ores and host rocks has a common marine source. Organic matter probably contributed to the preconcentration of Au in the host rocks. Hydrocarbons in the system,on the other hand, clearly contributed to the emplacement of the gold mineralization through thermal sulfate reduction.Organic matter in the solution might have increased the potential of the hydrothermal solution to transport Au.     

南京栖霞山多金属矿床的有机成矿作用

通过检测南京栖霞山多金属矿床成矿流体中的系列生物标志化合物，确证了成矿流体中的有机质源于赋矿地层中的菌藻类生物。成矿流体中的有机质富含有较多的杂原子，流体中的Ｚｎ含量高达２００．４×１０－６，表明成矿元素能以有机－金属络合物的形式搬运。矿石中的Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ总量与Ｓ／Ｃ比值存在一定关系，有机质通过还原ＳＯ２－４而为矿质沉淀提供Ｓ２－。并由此提出长江中下游地区许多矿床赋存于石炭－三叠系中与有机质、有机流体的这些成矿作用有一定的关系。     

云南金顶铅锌矿床中有机质的生物标志化合物特征及其意义

云南金顶铅锌矿床中有机质的生物标志化合物特征研究表明:正构烷烃碳数分布范围较宽,有两种峰型,具弱奇偶优势;萜烷化合物相对丰度五环三萜烷三环萜烷四环萜烷;甾烷以规则甾烷为主,规则甾烷C27-C28-C29呈不对称"V"字型分布;有机质的母质来源以低等水生生源的海藻类为主,伴随有一定量的陆源高等植物组分;有机质沉积于弱氧化-弱还原低盐度环境,其成熟度较高;样品均遭受了一定程度的热解,这可能与成矿热液的热力作用有关,部分样品还遭受了生物降解作用,砂岩型矿石共生有机质的成熟度略高于角砾状矿石赋存的有机质;生物标志化合物多参数对比表明有机质来源于三叠系三合洞组碳酸盐岩地层。     

金属矿床成矿流体有机质的一种新来源: 烃源岩晶胞有机质

金属矿床有机质的来源问题是探讨生物成矿作用的重点和难点之一.赋存于石炭系的南京栖霞山多金属矿床, 其成矿流体中的有机质与下扬子区上、下古生界烃源岩吸咐有机质以及海相原油均存在较大差异.特别是表现在有机质族组成、三环萜的w(C₂₃)/w(C₂₁)比值、三萜w(Ts)/w(Tm)比值、w(γ-蜡烷)/w(C₃₁αβS-升藿烷)比值以及甾烷系列的不同上.相反, 流体中的有机质在诸多方面与寒武系碳酸盐岩(矿床的矿源层之一)的晶胞有机质类似, 两者存在渊源关系.      

Fluid inclusion study of Fankou Pb-Zn ore deposit,Fankou, Guangdong,China

The Fankou Pb-Zn ore deposit occurs in Devonian and Carboniferous carbonate rocks. This deposit was thought to be a hydrothermal ore deposit related to a granite, but the present research suggests it is a stratabound, stratiform mineral deposit. As a result of geological studies, primary sedimentary and later replacement features were found. Part of some ore bodies are concordant with the host rocks, but most are discordant lenses and veins in the carbonate rocks. Thus there are two types of ores, primary sedimentary and later replacement. The replacement type is very common. Isotopic studies indicate that most of the Pb and S are of sedimentary origin, but part of Pb is of radioactive origin, possibly introduced during later replacement. A regional geochemical survey indicates that the Pb and Zn contents of the Fankou region are respectively 1.5 and 3 times the primary sedimentary type. Gas-liquid fluid inclusions were found in the replacement type ore but not in the primary sedimentary type. The fluid which replaced the primary sedimentary rocks had temperatures of 100–200°C, with a salinity of 3–6 wt. % NaCl equiv. Under the action of such fluid the original sedimentary rocks were replaced to form the present ore deposit.     

Metallogeny of the Lannigou Sedimentary Rock-hosted Disseminated Gold Deposit in Southwestern Guizhou Province, China

The Lannigou deposit is a large-sized sedimentary rock-hosted disseminated gold （SRHDG） deposit located in the Youjiang Basin. It is hosted by the Middle Triassic turbidite. Wall rock alterations, including silicification, pyritization, arsenopyritization, carbonatization and argillization, commonly occur along fractures. PGE study demonstrates that either Permian basalts or Triassic ultrabasic intrnsives are unlikely to be the main source of gold mineralization. Coupled with the lack of other nmgmatic activity in the vicinity of the mining area, an amagmatic origin is proposed. Organic matter compositions and GC-MS analysis of the ores and host rocks show that the organics in the ores and the host rocks have a common source; the organic matter in the ores was mainly indigenous. The positive correlation between S2 and Au contents, along with the common occurrence of organic inclusions, suggest involvement of organic matter in the ore-forming process in terms of promoting Au leaching from the source rocks, making colloidal Au migration possible, as well as hydrocarbon reduction of sulphate. Geological and geochemical characteristics of the Lannigou deposit suggest that it was formed through circulation of meteoric water and probably less importantly organic bearing formation water driven by high geothermal gradient caused by late Yanshanian extension, which leached Au from the source bed, and then migrated as Au-bisnlfides and colloidal Au, culminating in deposition by reduction-adsorption and surface complexation of gold onto the growth surface of arsenlan pyrite.     

青海同仁双朋西金铜矿矿床地质特征及矿床成因

在翔实的野外工作基础上,对青海省同仁县双朋西金铜矿床矿石与围岩的微量元素、稀土元素、流体包裹体和同位素地球化学特征展开了系统研究。研究结果表明,金矿石和花岗闪长岩的稀土元素配分模式具有相似性,均为轻稀土元素富集型,具负铕异常,基本上无铈异常,暗示它们之间存在成因联系;成矿流体为中高温、低盐度、中等密度、中等压力流体,且以含碳质为特征;铅、硫同位素结果均反映出成矿物质主要来源于深源。据此认为区内矿化是与中高温岩浆热液作用有关的矽卡岩型金铜矿化,属于印支-燕山期同一构造-岩浆作用的产物。     

南京栖霞山铅锌银多金属矿床的生物成矿作用

许多学者探讨过菌藻生物与形成南京栖霞山铅锌银多金属矿床的预富集作用。然而，生物成矿作用是一个随地质作用的发展而发展演化的过程，本文详细研究了矿床中的矿化生物以及矿石中的吸附有机质，证实它们源自菌菏生物，结合非打开性的红外和荧光光谱方法以及打开性的ＧＣ－ＭＳ分析，重点研究了矿床中发现的有机包裹体，检测出成矿流体中的系列生物标志化合物，证实成矿流体中的有机质也源自菌藻生物。根据成矿流体中有机质特征，矿石中成矿元素闻的关系以及有机质中所古的金属元素，论证了这些源自苗藻生物的有机质、有机流体对成矿元素的活化迁移和还原沉淀作用，建立了生物－有机质－流体成矿系统。     

The Talgan massive sulfide deposit, the southern Urals, Russia, as an example of subseafloor ore deposition from magmatic fluid

The sequence of orebody formation at the Talgan massive sulfide deposit; morphology of sulfide orebodies; mineralogy, texture, and structure of ore; chemical composition of minerals; and fluid inclusions and relationships between stable isotopes (S, C, O) in sulfides from ores and carbonate rocks are discussed. The deposit is localized in the Uzel’ga ore field of the northern Magnitogorsk Megazone. The sulfide ore is hosted in the upper felsic sequence of the Middle Devonian Karamalytash Formation, composed of basalt, basaltic andesite, and rhyodacite. Orebodies are irregular lenses lying conformably with host rocks. Pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and fahlore are the major ore minerals; galena, bornite, and hematite are of subordinate abundance. Sulfide mineralization bears attributes of deposition under subseafloor conditions. The carbonate and rhyolite interlayers at the roofs of orebodies and the supraore limestone sequence served as screens. Zoning typical of massive sulfide deposits was not established. The study of fluid inclusions has shown that the temperature of the hydrothermal solution varied from 375 to 110°C. δ³⁴S‰ ranges from ?2.4 to +3.2‰ in pyrite, from ?1.2 to +2.8‰ in chalcopyrite, and from ?3.5 to +3.0‰ in sphalerite (CDT). These parameters correspond to an isotopic composition of magmatic sulfur without a notable percentage of sulfate sulfur. δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O of carbonates vary from ?18.1 to +5.9‰ (PDB) and from +13.7 to +27.8‰ (SMOW), respectively. The carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions of carbonates from ores and host rocks markedly deviate from the field of marine carbonates; a deep source of carbon is suggested. The results obtained show that the main mass of polysulfide ore at the Talgan deposit was formed beneath the floor of a paleoocean. The ore-forming system was short-lived and its functioning did not give rise to the formation of zonal orebodies. Magmatic fluid played the leading role in mineral formation.     

甘肃省阳山超大型金矿床的有机地球化学特征研究

甘肃省文县阳山金矿是我国地质勘查储量最大的卡林-类卡林型金矿床,赋矿地层为泥盆系一套碳-硅-泥质地层.矿区发育了大量碳质千枚岩,富含有机碳.本文研究了矿石和围岩可溶有机质的生物标志物、有机质的来源和成熟度、干酪根的碳同位素等,论述了阳山金矿床的有机地球化学特征及有机质与成矿的关系,查明了参与成矿的有机质主要是菌藻类等低等生物.生物标志化合物参数和干酪根的H/C-O/C原子比值指示阳山金矿有机质成熟度较高,达到了无烟煤的演化阶段.在热演化的过程中,有机质裂解产生的CH_4和C-2H_6等进入成矿流体中,参与了成矿过程.阳山金矿赋矿地层中含有生物成因的草莓状黄铁矿,显示生物-有机质参与了地层的预富集作用.有机碳含量、有机质的类型和金的丰度之间相关性不明显,说明在阳山金矿的成矿过程中有机质对金的沉淀贡献不大,但是有机质可能参与了金的预富集和运移.     

崖城地区渐新统不同沉积相带烃源岩生物标志物组合特征及其烃源意义

基于40余个不同岩性烃源岩及原油饱和烃组分的GC/MS和GC/MS/MS分析资料,揭示了琼东南盆地崖城地区渐新统不同沉积相带烃源岩的生物标志物组合特征,并与崖城油气田原油进行油源精细对比,提出了新的认识。研究结果表明,海岸平原沼泽相煤及碳质泥岩呈姥鲛烷优势(Pr/Ph>5.0),三环萜烷以低碳数化合物为主(C₁₉/C₂₃>3.0),甾烷丰度低(藿烷/甾烷>5.0), C₂₉甾烷优势显著(>60%),指示高等植物为主要的有机源,且沉积于氧化环境。浅海相泥岩中Pr/Ph值大多在1.0~2.5,表征弱还原-弱氧化环境;其三环萜烷以C₂₁或C₂₃为主峰,甾烷呈"V"字型分布,藿烷/甾烷比值小于3.0,具陆源和水生双重有机质生源。煤及碳质泥岩中奥利烷和双杜松烷等陆源标志物均较少,而泥岩中却普遍富含这些化合物,反映了近岸海相沉积有机质的特殊性。因而,在近海盆地地层中奥利烷和双杜松烷丰度并不能代表总体有机质中陆源的输入比例,更可能是指相标志。通过与烃源岩的分子地球化学对比表明,崖城油气田的主体原油兼具煤成烃和泥岩所生油的生物标志物组成,为混源油,来自渐新统不同沉积相带烃源岩。     

四川赤普铅、锌矿床生物标志化合物特征研究

赤普铅、锌矿床的矿体中发育大量沥青,铅、锌矿化形成与沥青密切相关。应用族组分分离和定量及饱和烃色—质分析等方法对铅、锌矿中的沥青族组分和生物标志物进行了研究,并对其地质意义进行了探讨。通过研究取得如下认识:（1）铅、锌矿床内有机质主要来自碳酸盐岩,其次来自页岩,没有陆源有机质的加入;这种混合来源特征受到不同来源成矿流体作用的影响。（2）矿区内有机质反映了热液流体经历了还原、高盐度的物理化学过程。（3）矿区内有机质成熟度高,主要为炭质沥青,反映有机质的演化程度较高;矿体内有机质与围岩内有机质成熟度类似,反映它们经历了类似的地质作用过程。（4）有机质还原碳酸盐岩中的硫酸盐岩,产生还原硫,为铅、锌等硫化物的沉淀创造条件。（5）成矿流体中烃类含量比较高,推断已经演化到高成熟阶段的有机质可能以古油气藏的形式参与了成矿作用;有机质在与含矿流体混合过程中扮演着还原剂的角色。     

西成矿田泥盆系铅锌矿床中的有机成矿作用

西成矿田是秦岭多金属成矿带最重要的铅锌矿田之一.从有机地球化学特征、有机质和有机分子与金属元素的关系、矿石、围岩及与矿石共生的炭沥青的元素分析及有机流体萃取金属元素的模拟实验方面出发, 探讨了有机质在西成铅锌矿田形成过程中的作用.结果表明: (1) 与矿化有关的岩石(硅质岩和灰岩), 主峰碳数均为nC₁₈, 中间支链烷烃、伽玛蜡烷、胡萝卜烷系列含量比非矿化岩石高; (2) 与矿化有关岩石(硅质岩和大理岩) 的生物母源以菌藻类低等生物为主, 并有陆源母质混入, 矿床形成于还原环境, 矿床中存在来源相同或相似的异源有机质; (3) Pb、Zn元素与芳烃、氯芳沥青“A”、非烃+沥青呈显著的负相关; 与非烃、有机硫、有机硫/(有机碳× 1.22) 比值呈正相关关系; Pb、Zn元素与正构烷烃、甾萜烷、胡萝卜烷等有机分子丰度具正相关关系, 而与w(∑C₂₂-)/w(∑C₂₂+)、w(三环萜烷)/w(四环萜烷)、w(C₂₀+C₂₁)/w(C₂₃+C₂₄)及w(萜烷)/w(甾烷) 等有机分子比值具负相关关系; (4) 炭沥青与围岩、矿石中子活化分析结果表明, 在后期改造成矿作用中, 炭沥青与矿石有紧密联系, 有机质和成矿元素一起在改造成矿期抵达成矿部位并参与了成矿; (5) 模拟实验表明, 在热水流体中, 有机水的加入增大了对Pb、Zn元素的溶解能力, 增加了岩样释放成矿元素的能力, 有机质在热水流体运移过程中确实对成矿元素发生了作用.在此基础上, 提出生物有机质在西成地区铅锌矿床的形成过程中发挥了重要作用.      

滇东南底圩金矿床矿物学与地球化学研究

位于右江盆地南部的滇东南底圩金矿床是近年来新发现的一处金矿床,为理清其成因,对不同类型矿石和赋矿围岩进行了主、微量元素及硫化物的硫同位素分析.结果表明,相较于赋矿围岩,矿石中明显富集Au、As、Sb、Hg、Tl、S、K、C元素,应为热液带入;而Si、Mg、Fe、Zr 和Th在矿石和围岩中变化不大,Fe主要来源于赋矿围岩...     

Hydrothermal Sedimentary Mineralization of the Super‐large Bamianshan Fluorite Deposit in Zhejiang Province,China

The Bamianshan fluorite deposit is a super-large one recently discovered in Zhejiang Province of China. This paper presents an analysis of its geological background, orebody and ore characteristics, petrochemical characteristics of host rocks, rare earth elements (REE) of rocks and ores, fluid inclusions in fluorite and Sm-Nd isotopic features in an effort to study its sedimentary mineralization. The result shows that the super-large Bamianshan fluorite deposit is of hydrothermal sedimentation genesis, deformed by the later hydrothermal fluid. Integrated with host rocks and orebody characteristics, it is inferred that the deposit originates from the Cambrian sedimentary rocks. And the later magmatic activities deformed some orebodies in different degrees, forming steeply dipping vein orebodies in the tectonic belts regionally.     

Characteristic Features of Tin–iron–copper Mineralization in the Anle-Huanggangliang Mining Area, Inner Mongolia, China

Abstract: The Anle Sn‐Cu and Huanggangliang Fe‐Sn deposits have been exploited in the Linxi district, which is located 165 km northwest of Chifeng City in northern China. In this study the formation mechanisms of the tin deposits in the Anle and Huanggangliang mining area were investigated to understand the mechanisms of tin mineralization in northern China. The veins of the Anle deposit are divided into cassiterite–quartz–chlorite veins, chalcopyrite‐bearing quartz veins, cassi–terite–chalcopyrite–bearing quartz veins and sphalerite‐quartz veins. The sequence of mineralization is tin mineralization (stage I), copper mineralization (stage II), and lead‐zinc mineralization (stage III). The Huanggangliang tin deposit consists of magnetite skarn orebodies and many cassiterite‐bearing feldspar–fluorite veins and veinlets cutting the magnetite orebodies. The fluid inclusions in quartz and fluorite in ores from the Anle and Huanggangliang tin deposits are divided into two‐phase fluid inclusions, vapor‐rich fluid inclusions and poly‐phase fluid inclusions. The final homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions of quartz in the ores of the Anle deposit and fluorite of tin‐bearing feldspar veins in the Huanggangliang tin deposit range from 195 to 425C and from 215 to 450C, respectively. The fluids responsible for the Anle and Huanggangliang tin deposits were of very high temperature and NaCl‐rich ones containing K, Ca, Al, Si, Ti, Fe and Cl in addition to ore metals such as Sn and Cu. The temperature and chemical composition of fluid in fluid inclusions of igneous rocks in the mining area are very similar to those of fluid in fluid inclusions in the ores of these deposits. The fluid for these ore deposits had a close relation with the fluid coexisting with melt of Late Jurassic granitic rocks in this mining area. Salinities of fluid inclusions from these ore deposits and granitic rocks in the mining area were estimated to range from 35 to 50 wt % NaCl equivalent. Based on arsenopy‐rite geothermometry and fluid inclusion studies, a fluid containing 40 wt% NaCl (eq.) could be formed by phase separation of fluid having 6 wt% NaCl (eq.) at a temperature of 420 to 500C and a pressure of 0.3 to 0.4 kb. The temperatures and pressures presented above indicate an NaCl‐rich magmatic fluid derived from granitic melt that had intruded into a shallow level of crust caused the Sn–Fe–Cu mineralization of the mining area. The geological relationship between these ore deposits and granitic bodies around the ore deposits, and the similarity of fluids forming these ore deposits and coexisting with granitic melt, suggest that these ore deposits were formed by the activity of fluid derived from granitic melt in Late Jurassic age.     

陕西马元铅锌矿床中有机质的存在及其对成矿的作用

马元铅锌矿床位于扬子地台北缘,米仓山隆起带东段,是扬子地台周缘地区重要的铅锌矿床之一。矿体赋存于震旦系灯影组角砾状白云岩中,矿石中见大量沥青与闪锌矿、方铅矿紧密共伴生。为探讨马元铅锌矿床中有机质对铅锌成矿的作用,对矿床中的沥青、矿石及围岩进行了系统的矿相学、岩相学、显微测温、激光拉曼成分分析及碳同位素研究。结果表明: 矿床中有机包裹体发育,且有机包裹体中含有甲烷、乙烷、硫化氢、二氧化碳等组分;包裹体均一温度、沥青的镜质体反射率所计算的演化最大古地温与碳同位素特征显示,矿床中的有机质可能是由震旦系灯影组地层中的古油藏发生热裂解形成,古油藏的热裂解为成矿作用提供了还原环境,并为成矿流体中的金属离子沉淀提供了还原硫。     

Sulfur, lead and helium isotopic compositions of sulfide minerals from the Dachang Sn-polymetallic ore district in South China: implication for ore genesis

Summary The Dachang Sn-polymetallic ore district is one of the largest tin producing districts in China. Its origin has long been in dispute between magmatic-hydrothermal replacement and submarine exhalative-hydrothermal origin. The Dachang ore district comprises several types of ore deposits, including the Lamo magmatogenic skarn deposit near a granite intrusion, the Changpo-Tongkeng bedded and vein-type sulfide deposit, and the Gaofeng massive sulfide deposit. Sulfide minerals from the Lamo skarn ores show δ³⁴S values in the range between −3 and +4‰ with a mean close to zero, suggesting a major magmatic sulfur source that likely was the intrusive Longxianggai granite. Sulfide minerals from the Gaofeng massive ores show higher δ³⁴S values between +5 and +12‰, whereas sulfide minerals from the Changpo-Tongkeng bedded ores display lighter δ³⁴S values between −7 and −0.2‰. The difference in the sulfur isotope ranges in the two deposits can be interpreted by different degrees of inorganic thermochemcial reduction of marine sulfate using a one-step batch separation fractionation model. Sulfur isotopic compositions from the vein-type ores at Changpo-Tongkeng vary widely from −8 to +4‰, but most of the data cluster around −2.9‰, which is close to that of bedded ores (−3.6‰). The sulfur in vein-type ores might be derived from bedded ores or it represents a mixture of magmatic- and sedimentary-derived sulfur. Pb isotopic compositions of sulfide minerals in the Dachang ore district reveal a difference between massive and bedded ores, with the massive ores displaying more radiogenic Pb isotope ratios. Correlations of ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb and ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb or ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb for the massive and bedded ores are interpreted as two-component mixing of Pb leached from sedimentary host rocks and from deep-seated Precambrian basement rocks composed of metamorphosed volcano-sedimentary rocks. Pb isotopic compositions of sulfide minerals from vein-type ores overlap with those of bedded sulfides. Similar to the sulfur, the lead in vein-type ores might be derived from bedded ores. Skarn ores at Lamo show very limited variations in Pb isotopic compositions, which may reflect a major magmatic-hydrothermal lead source. Helium isotope data of fluid inclusions trapped in sulfides indicate that He in the massive and bedded ores has a different origin than He in fluorite of granite-related veins. The ³He/⁴He ratios of 1.2–2.9 Ra of fluid inclusions from sulfides at Gaofeng and Changpo-Tongkeng imply a contribution of mantle-derived fluids. Overall our data support a submarine exhalative-hydrothermal origin for the massive and bedded ore types at Dachang. Supplementary material to this paper is available in electronic form at Appendix available as electronic supplementary material     

会泽铅锌矿床成矿流体浓缩机制

云南会泽铅锌矿床位于扬子板块西缘川-黔-滇铅锌银多金属成矿域的中南部, 严格受断裂带的控制.长期以来, 对于该矿的成矿流体来源存在着较大的争论.研究表明, 矿石中脉石矿物方解石的C、O同位素组成相对均一, 其δ13C (PDB) 为-2.1×10-3~-3.5×10-3、极差-1.4×10-3、均值-2.8×10-3, δ18O (SMOW) 为16.7×10-3~18.6×10-3、极差1.9×10-3、均值17.7×10-3, 不同矿体(不同标高)、不同产状以及相同矿体不同产状方解石的C、O同位素组成不具明显差别; 除了纯液相包裹体(L) 和富液相的气液两相包裹体(L+V) 外, 还存在含子晶的三相包裹体(S+L+V) 和不混溶的CO₂三相包裹体(V_CO2+L_CO2+L_H2O), 流体包裹体均一温度介于110~400℃之间, 具有双峰现象; 矿床的(87Sr/86Sr) ₀ (0.713676~0.717012) 不仅明显高于地幔(0.704±0.002) 和峨嵋山玄武岩(0.703932~0.707818;85件样品) 的(87Sr/86Sr) ₀, 也相对高于矿区赋矿地层(C₁b) 的(87Sr/86Sr) ₀ (0.70868~0.70931;3件样品), 但明显低于基底岩石的(87Sr/86Sr) ₀ (0.7243~0.7288;5件样品), 且成矿过程中流体基本没有发生Sr同位素分馏现象.因此, 成矿流体为均一流体, 是不同性质流体的混合产物, 具有多源性.而从气液两相包裹体盐度-均一温度图解可以看出, 在300~400℃区间, 包裹体盐度基本被孤立为两群: 一群为5%~6% (w (NaCl)), 另一群为12%~16% (w (NaCl)).而在100~300℃特别是150~250℃区间, 包裹体盐度则基本均匀分布在7%~23% (w (NaCl)) 之间.断裂带形成压力为(50~320) ×105Pa, 矿体上覆岩石压力为(574~640) ×105Pa, 矿床成矿压力为(145~754) ×105Pa.流体在上升到断裂带后压力的剧降, 导致了沸腾作用的发生.在混合作用和沸腾作用的双重影响下, 受狭窄断裂带控制的成矿流体高度浓缩, 金属矿物得以大规模地从流体中沉淀出来, 形成品位极高的铅锌矿石.      

新疆喀什凹陷巴什布拉克铀矿流体包裹体及有机地球化学特征

巴什布拉克铀矿床位于新疆喀什凹陷北西部一套陆相碎屑沉积岩中。野外调查发现,伴随铀矿化发育大量地沥青、油气残留物。本文对采自巴什布拉克铀矿床的地沥青含矿砂岩矿石进行了流体包裹体测试和有机地球化学分析,以确定成矿流体的温度和盐度以及成矿物理化学背景,追索有机质的来源,进而探讨矿床成因。镜下观测发现,含矿砂岩中含有大量的油气包裹体,其中以液烃包裹体为主,含有少量气液烃包裹体和含烃盐水包裹体。流体包裹体测温结果表明,成矿流体均一温度为71~193℃,盐度为0.71~23.05(wt%NaCl),整体上属于低温低盐度的成矿流体。同时求得巴什布拉克铀矿成矿压力为77.90~211.75(105Pa),成矿深度在0.26~0.71 km。有机地球化学分析表明,矿区有机质的氯仿沥青"A"变化不大,为0.0019%~0.0026%,有机质来源以海相藻类为主。样品的OEP(奇偶优势指数)为0.72~0.84,平均为0.78,显示了有机质高成熟的特征;CPI(碳优势指数)为1.16~1.35,平均为1.25,指示热演化程度较高;Pr/Ph(姥鲛烷/植烷)为0.77~1.01,平均为0.89,说明有机质处在还原环境中。结合野外地质特征,认为巴什布拉克铀矿床为油气还原成因,沿断裂和岩石孔隙上升的油气的还原作用是铀成矿的主要因素。