滇西北红山铜矿床成矿流体地球化学特征及矿床成因

红山铜矿床为滇西北地区一大型斑岩-矽卡岩型铜多金属矿床,它产于印支期石英闪长玢岩及燕山期石英二长斑岩体内及其周边地层中,其形成经历了多期次热液叠加成矿作用过程.流体包裹体岩相学、显微测温及碳、氢、氧稳定同位素综合研究表明,矿区早期成矿流体为中高温、高盐度NaCl-H2O体系热液,主要来源于印支晚期岛弧型岩浆活动,对区内矽卡岩型矿化形成起了重要作用;晚期成矿流体为中高温、高盐度NaCl-CO2-H2O体系热液,主要来源于隐伏的燕山期后造山伸展型花岗质岩浆侵入体,形成了区内斑岩型Cu、Mo及相关的Pb、Zn多金属矿化.因此,红山铜矿床是两期岩浆热液叠加成矿作用结果.     

扬子板块北缘马元铅锌矿床两类矿石地球化学特征及其对成矿作用的制约

对马元铅锌矿白云石-硫化物型和重晶石-硫化物型矿石中的热液矿物白云石和重晶石的同位素和稀土元素地球化学特征对比研究表明,白云石的δ~(13)CPDB为-2.51×10-3~0.93×10-3,δ18OSMOW为17.55×10~(-3)~23.24×10~(-3),说明成矿流体中碳、氧来源于震旦系碳酸盐岩的溶解;锶同位素组成(0.711 46)表明Sr来源以壳源锶为主,可能与富放射性锶的上覆碎屑岩或下伏基底变质火山岩有关;稀土元素具有明显的正Eu异常(δEu平均为1.415),表明白云石-硫化物型矿化流体具有盆地中循环热卤水特点。重晶石的硫同位素(平均为33×10~(-3))具有富重硫且分布均一的特点,暗示硫可能来源于富集重硫的单一海相硫酸盐;Sr同位素(0.709 18~0.709 71)特征表明其来源以海水锶为主,有少量壳源锶加入;稀土元素具有明显负Ce异常(δCe平均为0.255)和正Eu异常(δEu平均为1.43),表明重晶石--硫化物型矿化有关的流体可能是海水(或大气降水)与盆地循环热流体混合的结果。白云石--硫化物型矿石和重晶石-硫化物型矿石的沉淀可能是盆地中循环热卤水与海水(或大气降水)两种端元组分以不同比例混合的结果。     

吉林珲春农坪金铜矿床流体包裹体特征与矿床成因

为确定农坪金铜矿床的成矿流体特征及矿床形成机制,采集细脉浸染状金铜矿石中的石英--硫化物细脉,对石英颗粒中的流体包裹体进行了岩相学、显微测温和激光拉曼光谱分析。结果表明:脉石英中主要发育Ⅰ型气液两相、Ⅱ型含CO2三相、Ⅲ型含子矿物多相、Ⅳ型纯气相和Ⅴ型纯液相等5种类型的原生流体包裹体。不同类型包裹体的均一温度变化范围为237.8℃~399.4℃,主要集中于310℃~370℃,盐度w(NaCl)变化范围于1.39%~12.3%和33.32%~42.03%两个区间。代表性包裹体的激光拉曼光谱分析结果显示,成矿流体主要气相成分为H2O、CO2,并含有少量的CH4。综合研究后认为,农坪矿床成矿流体曾发生过沸腾作用,以至流体中的H2O、CO2等挥发组分大量逸出,引起金、铜等有用组分的沉淀富集。农坪金铜矿床与小西南岔金铜矿床在成矿条件及矿化特征等方面具有相似性,二者同为斑岩型金铜矿床,均属燕山晚期构造岩浆作用的产物。     

江西永平Cu-W矿床白钨矿地球化学特征及其对矿床成因的指示

江西永平Cu-W矿床是钦杭成矿带东部一个大型Cu-W矿床。针对该矿床的成因,一直存在着海底喷流沉积型与矽卡岩型矿床的争论。文章针对该争论,通过对永平Cu-W矿床的白钨矿开展微量元素分析,研究了成矿流体性质、来源和矿床成因。永平Cu-W矿床发育3种类型白钨矿:退化蚀变阶段暗色均质白钨矿Ⅰ-1;亮色均质白钨矿Ⅰ-2;石英-硫化物阶段具有环带结构的白钨矿Ⅱ。白钨矿中Mo含量和Eu异常能够指示成矿流体氧化还原性。白钨矿Ⅰ-1富集Mo元素,并呈负Eu异常,指示氧化性;白钨矿Ⅰ-2和白钨矿Ⅱ中Mo含量减少,并且呈正Eu异常,指示成矿流体的氧逸度降低。永平Cu-W矿床所有白钨矿均呈明显的轻稀土元素富集模式,与典型矽卡岩型白钨矿稀土元素特征相一致,而明显不同于石英脉型矿床白钨矿中稀土元素或重稀土元素富集模式。白钨矿具有高Mo和低Sr元素,与岩浆-热液白钨矿特征一致,而明显不同于变质来源的白钨矿,指示成矿流体来源于岩浆。白钨矿的Y/Ho比值范围为19～43,与似斑状黑云母花岗岩(Y/Ho=25～30)相似,明显不同于石炭系叶家湾组(Y/Ho=34～75),指示成矿流体主要来源于岩浆。白钨矿地球化学特征指示永平Cu-W矿床为矽卡岩型矿床。     

新疆阿尔泰山系南缘萨尔朔克金铜多金属矿床地球化学特征与矿床成因探讨

新疆阿尔泰山系南缘萨尔朔克金铜多金属矿床产于中泥盆统阿舍勒组上亚组的中酸性火山岩-次火山岩中,围岩为流纹斑岩。地表及浅部以金铜矿化为主,向深部金铜矿化逐渐减弱而铅锌矿化增强。矿化受地层层位控制明显。笔者通过矿区详细的野外地质调查、矿石与不同类型岩石围岩的稀土、微量元素地球化学对比研究,表明铜矿石、铅锌矿石与矿化流纹斑岩以及流纹斑岩的稀土元素、微量元素分布型式相似,均属明显右倾、轻稀土富集、强负Eu异常;且富集Ba、U、Zr、Hf、Ti而相对亏损Th、Sr、Sm等元素;结合矿床地质特征,认为萨尔朔克金铜多金属矿床为海相火山-次火山热液矿床,金铜、铅锌矿化与流纹斑岩密切相关,流纹斑岩为该矿床矿化提供重要成矿物质来源。辉绿岩的稀土及微量元素分布型式均呈平坦式,明显不同于矿石及其他围岩岩石类型,表明辉绿岩可能是成矿后的深部地幔岩浆侵入结晶的产物。     

河南庄金矿地球化学特征及成矿流体探讨

河南庄金矿位于华北板块最南端的秦岭构造带上,赋矿围岩为一套碳酸盐岩钙泥质建造,矿化受地层和构造发育控制.通过微量元素、稀土元素、C-H-O-S同位素分析对成矿流体来源和成矿条件进行了研究.其中微量元素、稀土元素、氢-氧同位素分析都指示成矿流体来自岩浆,后期受到变质作用和沉积改造作用影响;碳-氧同位素数据表明碳和部分氧元素来自海相碳酸盐的溶解作用,并催化了金元素的富集;硫同位素与微量元素分析得出成矿环境为缺氧的还原环境,并指示成矿流体来自深地壳或地幔.河南庄金矿同蚀变岩型金矿的矿床地质-地球化学特征相似,应属于蚀变岩型金矿.     

老挝班康姆铜金矿床成矿作用研究及其指示意义

班康姆铜金矿床位于墨江-黎俯火山弧带的中段，成矿条件优越，区内中性侵入杂岩具有岛弧钙碱性火山岩的地球化学特征，属火山岛弧环境。氢、氧同位素特征及黄铁矿流体包裹体的He、Ar同位素特征均指示流体为岩浆流体与大气雨水型地下水的混合流体，晚期经历了开放系统的持续瑞利去气过程。硫同位素组成表明成矿系统的硫源主要为深源地幔硫，推断Au、Cu应来自地幔源区，在俯冲消减的构造背景下，携带大量Cu、Au等成矿金属构成富矿初始岩浆流体。热液成矿作用经历了高温矽卡岩蚀变阶段、中温青磐岩热液蚀变矿化阶段、低中温金矿化阶段和超低温热液碳酸盐化阶段4个阶段，中低温阶段为主要的矿化阶段，而北东-北北东向次级断裂带成为浅部重要的容矿空间。流体包裹体及稀土元素特征指示了矿床深部存在隐伏的岩体，很可能为含矿的斑岩体，这对班康姆矿床乃至成矿带的研究及勘查具有重大的意义。     

保山镇康地块矽卡岩型铅锌矿床成因初探

保山镇康地块是"三江"南段重要的铅锌多金属成矿区之一,地质构造复杂,铅锌成矿地质条件优越,其中核桃坪与芦子园是近年发现的两个大型铅锌矿床,矿床受近NE向断裂、背斜轴部和地层控制明显,上寒武统核桃坪组与沙河床组大理岩化灰岩为主要赋矿地层,近矿围岩矽卡岩化强烈,流体包裹体,Pb、S、H、O同位素和微量元素等地球化学对比研究表明:核桃坪和芦子园铅锌矿床均经历了中温、高温两个矿化阶段;核桃坪铅锌矿床矿石铅同位素较芦子园铅锌矿床有较高的比值和较大的变化范围,均以高μ值为特征,属于放射性成因铅,暗示其成矿物质以壳源铅为主;硫化物硫同位素均多为较低正值并呈塔式分布,具有岩浆硫特征,两者均无生物硫酸盐热化学还原作用的参与,其中硫同位素分馏已达平衡;与硫化物共生的石英δDH2O(-109‰~-91‰)和δ18OH2O(-4.3‰~2.3‰)同位素研究表明核桃坪矿床成矿流体主要来自深部岩浆水,并遭受后期大气降水或地层水的混合;核桃坪矿床与芦子园矿床的微量元素具有岩浆热液型矿床特征,不同于VMS型、MVT型铅锌矿床。因此,笔者认为两个矿床应属于与深部隐伏岩体有关的中-高温矽卡岩型铅锌矿床,矿区深部隐伏岩体的侵入产生岩浆热液并携带Pb、Zn等成矿物质与地层水或大气降水混合,在背斜轴部与NE向断裂的交汇处形成该类型矿床。     

青海双朋西金铜矿床的成矿流体特征及流体来源

通过对双朋西金铜矿床流体包裹体岩相学、测温学及铅、硫同位素等的分析,研究其成矿流体性质和演化,并探讨矿床成矿流体来源,结果表明:①流体包裹体主要为气液两相包裹体;包裹体液相成分阳离子以Na+、K+、Ca2+为主,阴离子主要以SO2-4、Cl-为主;气相以H,2O、CO2为主.②双朋西金铜矿床成矿流体为中高温、中等盐度、中等密度、中等压力的流体.③铅同位素206Pb/204Pb为18.058～18.710,207Pb/204Pb为15.581～15.641,208Pb/204Ph为38.191～38.531;δ34S值(‰)变化范围为+3.1～+6.2,平均值为+4.42;综合分析认为,本区铅、硫同位素来源应为壳幔混合源.     

安徽五河大巩山金矿床地质地球化学特征及矿床成因

安徽五河大巩山金矿是受NNE—NS向压扭-张扭性断裂(郯-庐断裂带的次级构造)控制的脉状金矿床。赋矿围岩为新太古界西固堆组变质岩。矿化类型以石英脉型金矿化为主,其次为破碎蚀变岩型金矿化。矿床地质特征、硫、铅、氢、氧同位素地球化学特征、REE元素及成矿流体包裹体地球化学特征表明:成矿物质主要来源于西固堆组变质岩;而成矿流体则以岩浆源为主,并混有部分大气降水的组成。该矿床成因上应属与燕山期花岗质岩浆活动有关的中-高温热液金矿床。     

贺兰山北段牛头沟金矿床成矿流体和成矿物质来源:来自H-O-S-Pb同位素的证据

贺兰山北段牛头沟金矿床为华北克拉通西北缘新发现的金矿床,包括构造破碎带蚀变岩型和石英脉型两种矿化类型,后者可进一步细分为低缓石英脉型和陡窄石英脉型2个亚类。矿区所有矿体均赋存在古元古界贺兰山群变质杂岩和混合花岗岩内,受主干断裂F_1及其上盘次级断裂体系控制。综合本文及前人研究成果表明,破碎带蚀变岩型石英流体包裹体以纯液相水溶液包裹体为主,而低缓石英脉型和陡窄石英脉型石英流体包裹体则以气液两相水溶液包裹体为主,不同矿化类型成矿流体均为中低温(160~210℃)、中低盐度(6%~12%NaCl_(eq))的H_2O-NaCl流体。对矿区内3种矿化类型石英流体包裹体和硫化物分别开展的H-O和S-Pb同位素研究显示:破碎带蚀变岩型和陡窄石英脉型流体包裹体δD_(H2O)组成相近,分别为-75.2‰~-89.3‰和-87.0‰~-93.8‰,而低缓石英脉型流体包裹体则具有较高的δD_(H2O)值(-45.7‰~-67.7‰);流体包裹体δ~(18)O_(H2O)值则由破碎带蚀变岩型(3.7‰~4.4‰)→低缓石英脉型(1.9‰~3.3‰)→陡窄石英脉型(0.5‰~0.9‰)依次降低。破碎带蚀变岩型和陡窄石英脉型δ~(34)S组成均为正值,分别为1.3‰~6.9‰和2.2‰~5.8‰,而低缓石英脉型则具有较低的δ~(34)S值(-5.1‰~-2.6‰)。低缓石英脉型金矿具有明显不同的δD_(H2O)和δ~(34)S组成,可能与含矿断裂性质及其距离导矿构造F_1断裂较远等因素所共同导致的成矿流体氧逸度升高有关。3种矿化类型对应的矿石均表现出明显富集Th放射成因Pb的特点,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb(16.467~17.994)和~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb(15.382~15.582)组成相对均一,而~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb变化较大(37.413~42.345)。总体上,石英流体包裹体H-O同位素组成表明成矿流体均为岩浆水和大气降水形成的混合流体,其大气降水比例自破碎带蚀变岩型→低缓石英脉型→陡窄石英脉型依次升高;矿石S-Pb同位素指示成矿物质为深部岩浆和具有高Th/U比的基底围岩双重来源。结合区域构造–岩浆演化,笔者将牛头沟金矿床成矿过程概括为晚古生代裂陷盆地形成阶段、中晚侏罗世区域挤压推覆阶段和晚侏罗世至早白垩世岩浆热液活动阶段等3个阶段。     

豫西东闯金矿床流体包裹体及稳定同位素研究

东闯金矿床位于华北板块南缘的小秦岭金成矿带中部地区。矿体呈脉状、透镜状赋存于东西向压扭性断裂中,赋矿围岩为太古界太华群变质岩系。成矿作用可分为4个阶段,从早到晚,流体包裹体均一温度分别为296~342℃、257~341℃、250~314℃和175~267℃;对应流体盐度w(NaCleq)为5.23%~6.63%、1.63%~8.77%、3.38%~8.61%和8.55%~11.1%,以5%~9%为主,流体成分以H2O-NaCl-CO2为主。估算成矿压力为100~160MPa,静岩压力深度3.6~5.3 km。包裹体水的δDV-SMOW值为-49‰~80.2‰,多数在50‰~60‰之间,δ18O水计算值为3.33‰~7.88‰。碳酸盐矿物δ13CV-PDB为-5.1‰~-1.3‰,δ18OV-SM为9.9‰~15.29‰。矿石硫化物的δ34SV-CDT为-2.75‰~5.52‰,均值1.11‰,而其206Pb/204Pb=16.973‰~17.068‰、207Pb/204Pb=15.322‰~15.394‰、208Pb/204Pb=37.323‰~37.491‰。流体包裹体研究以及H-O、S、C、Pb同位素结果表明,东闯金矿床的成矿流体主要来自深部岩浆,矿质主要来自太华群地层。该矿床为低盐度、中成、中高温岩浆热液型金矿床。     

湖北鸡笼山矽卡岩型金铜矿床铅同位素地球化学研究

湖北鸡笼山金铜矿床是长江中下游铁铜金多金属成矿带鄂东南成矿区中典型的矽卡岩矿床,对其成矿物质来源的专门研究相对贫乏。对鸡笼山矽卡岩带的11件黄铁矿、2件方铅矿和2件闪锌矿样品进行了铅同位素分析,结果显示206Pb/204Pb为17.358～18.589,207Pb/204Pb为15.414～15.745,20 8Pb/204Pb为37.956～39.094,矿石铅属异常铅,其单阶段模式年龄(136.3～707.3 Ma)不能代表成矿年龄,但其分布特征反映了铅的多源混合特征。同位素构造模式图上投点的线性分布特征显示了花岗闪长斑岩、矽卡岩、大理岩中的铅同位素演化具有很好的继承性和相应性,但各类铅同位素组成在20 8Pb/204Pb-206Pb/204Pb图上均落在下地壳和地幔之间,指示其具有来自壳幔边界附近的深源的特点。鸡笼山金铜矿床、丰山洞铜钼矿床、城门山铜金矿床、铜绿山铜铁矿床4个相似矿床的铅同位素组成进行对比,显示整体成矿物质来源在主体相似的背景下也具有局部的差异性。     

内蒙古白音诺尔铅锌矿铅同位素研究

内蒙古白音诺尔铅锌矿床是大兴安岭地区储量最大的铅锌矿床,矿体主要沿花岗闪长（斑）岩与大理岩接触带产出。为了查明成矿物质来源,对矿石中的硫化物和矿区内及外围主要侵入岩开展了铅同位素示踪分析。测试结果表明：矿石中硫化物的N（206Pb）/N（204Pb）为18.266～18.372,平均值18.296,N（207Pb）/N（204Pb）为15.501～15.579,平均值15.536,N（208Pb）/N（204Pb）为38.016～38.339,平均值38.138。铅同位素年龄校正计算结果表明：矿石中硫化物的Pb同位素比值与大理岩和花岗闪长（斑）岩非常相似,表明矿石中的铅主要来自花岗闪长（斑）岩和大理岩,说明成矿物质也主要来自这两类岩石,进一步证明了白音诺尔铅锌矿床的成矿与花岗闪长（斑）岩和大理岩有关,属于矽卡岩型矿床,与喷流沉积型和火山岩块状硫化物矿床有明显的差别。与区域上其他银多金属矿床对比发现,本区银多金属矿床的Pb同位素组成非常相似,其组成范围多有重叠,暗示这些矿床的矿石铅来源也非常相似,可能表明有一个共同的富银的基底或地层为这些银多金属矿床的形成提供了成矿物质来源。     

Genesis of the Wulong gold deposit,Liaoning Province,NE China:Constrains from noble gases,radiogenic and stable isotope studies

TheWulong lode deposit contains over 80 tonnes of gold with an average grade of 5.35 g/t.It is one of the largest deposits in Dandong City,Liaoning Province in northeast China.Previous studies on the deposit focused on its geological characteristics,geochemistry,fluid inclusions,and the timing of gold mineralization.However,controversy remains regarding the origin of the ore-forming fluids and metals,and the genesis of the gold deposit.This paper presents zircon UePb and pyrite RbeSr ages and S,Pb,He,and Ar isotopic results along with quartz H and O isotopic data for all litho-units associated with the deposit.Laser ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometry measurements yielded zircon UePb dates for samples of pre-mineralization rocks like granite porphyry dike,the Sanguliu granodiorite,fine-grained diorite,and syn-mineralization diorite,as well as post-mineralization dolerite,and lamprophyre;their emplacement ages are 126
1 Ma,124
1 Ma,123
1 Ma,120
1 Ma,119
2 Ma,and 115
2 Ma,respectively.The pyrite RbeSr isochron age is 119
1 Ma,indicating that both magmatism and mineralization occurred during the Early Cretaceous.The d18OH2O values of ore-forming hydrothermal fluids from the quartzepolymetallic sulfide vein stage vary from 4.8&to 6.5&,and the dDV-SMOW values are between67.7&and75.9&,indicating that the ore-forming fluids were primarily magmatic.The noble gas isotope compositions of fluid inclusions hosted in pyrite suggest that the ore-forming fluids were dominantly derived from crustal sources with minor mantle input.Sulfur isotopic values of pyrite vary between 0.2&and 3.5&,suggesting that S was derived from a homogeneous magmatic source or possibly from fluids derived from the crust.The Pb isotopic compositions of sulfides(207Pb/204Pb?15.51 e15.71,206Pb/204Pb?17.35e18.75,208Pb/204Pb?38.27e40.03)indicate that the Pb of the Wulong gold deposit is a mixture of crust and mantle components.Geochronological and geochemical data,together with the regional geological history,indicate that Early Cretaceous magmatism and mineralization of the Wulong gold deposit occurred during the rollback of the subducting Paleo-Pacific Plate,which resulted in lithospheric thinning and the destruction of the North China Craton(NCC),which indicates that the deposit is of magmaticehydrothermal origin.     

新疆西天山查汗萨拉金矿地质、金赋存状态及同位素地球化学研究

查汗萨拉金矿是近年在新疆西天山新发现的一处金矿床,处于依连哈比尔尕构造带西端.矿体旱不规则脉状产于细品闪长岩构造破碎蚀变带及其接触带附近的上石炭统奇尔古斯套组蚀变围岩中,围岩蚀变较弱.矿石中硫化物主要为黄铁矿,并含少量磁黄铁矿、黄铜矿、方铅矿等.硫化物矿物呈自形粗晶或半自形结构,斑杂状分布在构造蚀变岩石中.金矿物以自然金和银金矿为主,还发现有硫(碲)银金矿和金铀化物等独特矿化线索,金矿物多赋存在黄铁矿中,以包体金、裂隙金和少量粒间金形式存在.金矿物形态以粒状和长角状为主,多为细、微细粒金(粒度<10 μm).矿石中矿物流体包裹体均一温度为220～340℃.热液脉三石矿物石英流体包裹体的δD为-92‰～-74‰,δ18Ov-SMOW为11.8‰～12.6‰,成矿流体显尔岩浆热液和变质建造水混合的特征.热液方解石脉的占δ13Cv-PDB为-8.92‰～-8.06‰,δ18Ov-SMOW为13.45‰～17.18‰,反映成矿流体中CO2主体米源于岩浆.硫化物206pb/204Pb为18.036～18.173,207pb/204pb为15.536～15.612,208pb/204pb为37.940～38.097,成矿金属具岩浆来源特征.矿石中硫化物δ34Sv-CDT为-9.8‰～-7.3‰,显示其可能与地层有关.查汗萨拉金矿为构造蚀变岩型中温岩浆热液矿床.小同于本区阿希金矿,是西天山金矿勘查中值得关注的新类型.     

辽东林家三道沟-小佟家堡子地区金（银）矿成矿特征及成因

以林家三道沟、小佟家堡子金（银）矿床为例,系统总结了区内金（银）矿床的成矿条件及地质特征,对矿床的相关岩体、围岩及矿石进行了流体包裹体、稳定同位素测试分析。结果表明：矿床赋存于古元古界辽河群大石桥亚群杨树沟岩组第6岩段碎屑岩-碳酸盐岩建造和盖县亚群汤家沟岩组碎屑岩建造中;主要容矿岩石为硅化大理岩、变粒岩、片岩;近矿围岩蚀变主要为硅化、绢云母化、黄铁矿化和碳酸盐化;自然金的粒度以显微不可见金为主;均一温度（100～200 ℃）、成矿流体盐度（w（NaCl）（1.91 % ～9.73%）均较低;矿石石英中成矿流体δD值为-48.0‰～-93.0‰,δ¹⁸O_H2O计算值为-8.63‰～+1.31‰,表明成矿流体主要来自于地热水和原生地层水;矿石硫同位素δ³⁴S值平均为+8.61‰,赋矿围岩、岩体δ³⁴S为＋0.50‰～＋7.6‰,表明矿石中硫主要来自古元古代地层和印支晚期岩体;金（银）矿石中²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb为17.664～19.186 7,²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb为15.044～15.883,²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb为37.693～38.784,铅源具有壳幔混合源特点。矿床成因类型为沉积变质-岩浆热液叠加型。     

Ore Geology,Fluid Inclusion,and S‐ and Pb‐Isotopic Constraints on the Genesis of the Chitudian Zn‐Pb Deposit,Southern Margin of the North China Craton

The Chitudian Zn‐Pb ore deposit, Luanchuan, Henan province, was recently discovered in the southern margin of the North China Craton. The Zn‐Pb orebodies are hosted in the Proterozoic Guandaokou and Luanchuan Groups, occurring as veins in interbedding fracture zones mainly in a WNW‐ and partially in a NS‐direction. The Zn‐Pb ores are characterized by banded, massive, and breccia structures, coarse crystal grains, and a simple mineral composition mainly of galena, sphalerite, pyrite, quartz, dolomite, and calcite. In addition to the vein type orebodies, there are Mo‐ and Zn‐bearing skarn orebodies in the northwest of the Chitudian ore field. Four types of primary fluid inclusions in quartz and calcite were recognized in the Chitudian Zn‐Pb ores, including aqueous, aqueous‐CO₂, daughter‐mineral‐bearing aqueous, and daughter‐mineral‐bearing aqueous‐CO₂ inclusions, with aqueous inclusion being most common. The homogenization temperatures of the fluid inclusions from the main mineralization stage are from 290°C to 340°C, and the salinities mainly from 3.7 to 14.8 wt% NaCl equivalent. In addition to CO₂, CH₄ and H₂S were detected in the vapor phase and HS^‐ in the liquid phase of the fluid inclusions by Laser Raman spectroscopy. The δ³⁴S_V‐CDT values of ore sulfides from the Chitudian deposit range from ?0.32‰ to 8.30‰, and show two modal peaks in the histogram, one from 1‰ to 4‰, and the other from 5‰ to 7‰. The former peak is similar to that of porphyry‐type Mo‐W deposits in the area, whereas the latter is relatively close to the sulfur in the strata. The ore sulfur may have been derived from both the magma and the strata. The Pb‐isotopic compositions of the ore minerals from Chitudian, with ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb from 17.005 to l7.953, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb from 15.414 to 15.587, and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb from 37.948 to 39.036, are similar to those of Mesozoic porphyries in the Chitudian ore field, suggesting that the ore‐forming metals were mainly derived from the Mesozoic magmatic intrusions. The Chitudian Zn‐Pb deposit is interpreted to be a distal hydrothermal vein‐type deposit, which was genetically related to the proximal, skarn‐type Mo ore deposits in the region.     

多宝山铅锌矿床地质特征及地球化学研究

新疆和田县多宝山是西昆仑地区新发现的一处重要铅锌矿床,矿体呈似层状、不规则囊状、脉状,产于白垩系铁隆滩组碳酸盐岩岩溶角砾岩、生物碎屑灰岩中,围岩蚀变主要有碳酸盐化、白云石化、硅化及泥化等.矿石为块状、细脉状、浸染状、角砾状等构造.矿石矿物与脉石矿物中具极相似的微量元素组构,矿石中铅、锌硫化物δ34SV-CDT=-10.55‰～-1.01‰,矿石Pb同位素组成206Pb/204Pb=18.739 8～18.743 3,207Pb/204Pb=15.702 5～15.7040,208Pb/204Pb=39.092 9～39.097 1,成矿物质来源于白垩系铁隆滩组碳酸盐岩.矿石中方解石δ13CPDB=3.44‰～5.09‰,18OSMOW=23.09‰～26.79‰,热液中CO2来自海相碳酸盐岩去碳酸作用.流体包裹体均一温度为207℃～262℃,盐度为6.30%～7.73%,说明成矿流体来源于海水热卤水,矿床具MVT铅锌成矿特点.     

Origin of the Dachang gold deposit,NW China: constraints from H,O, S,and Pb isotope data

The Dachang gold deposit is located in the Late Triassic Songpan-Ganzi Fold Belt, NE Tibetan Plateau. Gold ore is concentrated as veins along secondary faults and fracture zones in the Bayan Har Group metaturbidites. No exposed felsic plutons are present in the vicinity of the deposit. The auriferous veins contain <15% sulphide minerals, mainly arsenopyrite, pyrite, and stibnite. Gold is commonly enclosed within arsenopyrite and pyrite. Typical alteration around the ore bodies includes silicification, sericitization, and weak carbonatization.

Gold-bearing quartz samples have δ¹⁸O values of 16.9–21.2‰ (V-SMOW) from which δ¹⁸O_H2O values of 6.2–9.6‰ can be calculated from the fluid inclusion temperatures (or 10.0 to 12.7‰ if we used the average arsenopyrite geothermometer temperature of 301°C). The δD values of fluid inclusions in quartz range from –90‰ to –72‰. δ³⁴S values of gold-bearing sulphides mainly range from –5.9‰ to –2.8‰ (V-CDT). Pyrite and arsenopyrite in ores have ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios of 18.2888 to 18.4702, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios of 15.5763 to 15.6712, and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios of 38.2298 to 38.8212. These isotopic compositions indicate that the ore-forming fluids were of metamorphic origin, and the S and Pb may have been derived from the host metaturbidites of the Bayan Har Group. The Dachang Au deposit has geological and geochemical features similar to orogenic gold deposits. We propose that the ores formed when the Songpan-Ganzi Fold Belt was intensely deformed by Late Triassic folding and thrusting. Large-scale thrusting resulted in regional allochthons of different scales, followed by secondary faults or fracture zones that controlled the ore bodies.