The investigation of petrology and geodynamic mafic magmatism in Bijar area, west of Iran (Arabia- Eurasia collision zone)

In northeastern Sanandaj-Sirjan structural zone, the Takab-Ghorveh belt comprises a volcanic province which related to the collision between the Eurasian and Arabian continents. It contains almost Quaternary andesitic basalt to alkali basalt. These alkali basaltes show Strombolian type eruptions. The volcanic rocks in Bijar area represent a range of mafic magmas, re-vealed by mingling and mixing textures. A variety of features suggest that the lava flows before eruption from magma chambers, contaminated by continental crust.     

闽中地区马面山群东岩组变质岩形成的古构造环境研究

闽中地区马面山群东岩组地层主要为绿片岩为主的一套古火山沉积建造。其主要岩性类型包括各种成分的绿片岩、大理岩、石英片岩及变粒岩类。绿片岩显示海底火山喷发特征,变粒岩原岩为中酸性岩类。东岩组变质岩岩石化学研究表明,绿片岩的原岩应为玄武岩类。变粒岩类主要属于英安岩及流纹岩。这些特征反映东岩组具双峰式火山岩特征,形成于大陆内部张性环境。绿片岩稀土元素特征也显示和大陆拉张环境中的火山岩类稀土特征非常相似,属大陆拉斑玄武岩;微量元素分布显示出该组变质岩原岩类似于大洋岛和大陆裂谷的板内碱性玄武岩。因此闽中地区中元古代可能处于板内古裂谷环境。     

Understanding mafic-felsic magma interactions in a subvolcanic magma chamber using rapakivi feldspar: A case study from the Bathani volcano-sedimentary sequence,eastern India

The Ghansura Rhyolite Dome of the Bathani volcano-sedimentary sequence in eastern India originated from a subvolcanic felsic magma chamber that was intruded by volatile-rich basaltic magma during its evolution leading to the formation of a porphyritic andesite. The porphyritic andesite consists of rapakivi feldspars, which are characterized by phenocrysts of alkali feldspar mantled by plagioclase rims. Results presented in this work suggest that intimate mixing of the mafic and felsic magmas produced a homogeneous hybrid magma of intermediate composition. The mixing of the hot volatile-rich mafic magma with the relatively colder felsic magma halted undercooling in the subvolcanic felsic system and produced a hybrid magma rich in volatiles. Under such conditions, selective crystals in the hybrid magma underwent textural coarsening or Ostwald ripening. Rapid crystallization of anhydrous phases, like feldspars, increased the melt water content in the hybrid magma. Eventually, volatile saturation in the hybrid magma was reached that led to the sudden release of volatiles. The sudden release of volatiles or devolatilization event led to resorption of alkali feldspar phenocrysts and stabilizing plagioclase, some of which precipitated around the resorbed phenocrysts to produce rapakivi feldspars.     

Bimodal magmatism of the Tucumã area,Carajás province: U-Pb geochronology,classification and processes

Geological mapping of the Tucumã area has enabled the identification of dike swarms intruded into an Archean basement. The disposition of these dikes is consistent with the well-defined NW-SE trending regional faults, and they can reach up to 20 km in length. They were divided into three main groups: (i) felsic dikes (70% of the dikes), composed exclusively of porphyritic rhyolite with euhedral phenocrysts of quartz and feldspars immersed in an aphyric felsite matrix; (ii) mafic dikes, with restricted occurrence, composed of basaltic andesite and subordinate basalt, with a mineralogical assembly consisting dominantly of plagioclase, clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene and olivine; and (iii) intermediate rocks, represented by andesite and dacite. Dacites are found in outcrops associated with felsic dikes, representing different degrees of hybridization or mixture of mafic and felsic magmas. This is evidenced by a large number of mafic enclaves in the felsic dikes and the frequent presence of embayment textures. SHRIMP U-Pb zircon dating of felsic dikes yielded an age of 1880.9 ± 3.3 Ma. The felsic dikes are peraluminous to slightly metaluminous and akin to A2, ferroan and reduced granites. The intermediate and mafic dikes are metaluminous and belong to the tholeiitic series. Geochemical modeling showed that mafic rocks evolved by pyroxene and plagioclase crystallization, while K-feldspar and biotite are the fractionate phases in felsic magma. A simple binary mixture model was used to determine the origin of intermediate rocks. It indicated that mixing 60% of rhyolite and 40% basaltic andesite melts could have generated the dacitic composition, while the andesite liquid could be produced by mixing of 60% and 40% basaltic andesite and rhyolite melts, respectively. The mixing of basaltic and andesitic magmas probably occurred during ascent and storage in the crust, where andesite dikes are likely produced by a more homogeneous mixture at high depths in the continental crust (mixing), while dacite dikes can be generated in the upper crust at a lower temperature, providing a less efficient mixing process (mingling). The affinities observed between the felsic to intermediate rocks of the Rio Maria and São Felix do Xingu areas and the bimodal magmatism of the Tucumã area reinforce the hypothesis that in the Paleoproterozoic the Carajás province was affected by processes involving thermal perturbations in the upper mantle, mafic underplating, and associated crustal extension or transtension. The 1.88 Ga fissure-controlled A-type magmatism of the Tucumã area was emplaced ∼1.0 to ∼0.65 Ga after stabilization of the Archean crust. Its origin is not related to subduction processes but to the disruption of the supercontinent at the end of the Paleoproterozoic.     

赣南-粤北地区晚白垩世早期长英质火山岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

中国东南部晚白垩世早期广泛发育红色沉积岩系,沉积岩系底部常见玄武岩夹层,但赣南-粤北的长塘、仁居、寻乌盆地以长英质火山岩为主体,底部也夹有玄武岩层,构成"大量流纹岩-少量玄武岩"的双峰式组合。SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄表明,长塘、仁居盆地流纹岩和寻乌盆地碎斑熔岩的锆石206Pb/238U年龄分别为96.8Ma±1.4Ma、95.5Ma±1.3Ma、96.7Ma±1.1Ma,属晚白垩世早期。鉴于版石盆地火山岩系为长英质火山岩组合,且中部凝灰岩和上部流纹岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄分别为142.5Ma±1.3Ma和131.4Ma±1.3Ma,地质时代属早白垩世早期,长塘、仁居和寻乌盆地的火山岩系不能与版石盆地的火山岩系对比。赣南-粤北长塘、仁居和寻乌盆地长英质火山岩地质时代的确认,证实余姚-丽水-政和-大浦-莲花山断裂以东和以西"大量流纹岩-少量玄武岩"构成的不对称双峰式组合具有不同的地质时代,显示出东早西晚的特征,这对于研究中国东南部中生代岩浆活动和构造演化具有重要意义。     

The origin of low-K rhyolites from the mariana frontal arc

Low-K rhyolites and overlying 2-pyroxene andesites, both of Late Eocene age, comprise the oldest volcanic units exposed on Saipan. The mineralogy and geologic setting of these rocks indicate they were erupted in a volcanic arc setting. The presence of andesite and lack of basalts of similar age suggest that the rhyolites are not part of a typical bimodal (basalt/rhyolite) suite.Major and trace element data indicate the Saipan andesites were not parental to the rhyolites. Out of various models evaluated for derivation of the rhyolites, the most reasonable involves crystal fractionation of a boninite series andesite that was very depleted in LIL elements. This andesite probably evolved from more mafic magmas which in turn were derived from the sub-arc mantle. Isotopic data suggest the mantle source for these magmas may have contained a minor seawater component.     

Neoproterozoic nascent island arc volcanism from the Nubian Shield of Egypt: Magma genesis and generation of continental crust in intra-oceanic arcs

The Neoproterozoic Wadi Ranga metavolcanic rocks, South Eastern Desert of Egypt, constitute a slightly metamorphosed bimodal sequence of low-K submarine tholeiitic mafic and felsic volcanic rocks. The mafic volcanic rocks are represented by massive and pillow flows and agglomerates, composed of porphyritic and aphyric basalts and basaltic andesites that are mostly amygdaloidal. The felsic volcanic rocks embrace porphyritic dacites and rhyolites and tuffs, which overlie the mafic volcanic rocks. The geochemical characteristics of Wadi Ranga volcanic rocks, especially a strong Nb depletion, indicate that they were formed from subduction-related melts. The clinopyroxene phenocrysts of basalts are more akin to those crystallizing from island-arc tholeiitic magmas. The tholeiitic nature of the Wadi Ranga volcanics as well as their LREE-depleted or nearly flat REE patterns and their low K₂O contents suggest that they were developed in an immature island arc setting. The subchondritic Nb/Ta ratios (with the lowest ratio reported for any arc rocks) and low Nb/Yb ratios indicate that the mantle source of the Wadi Ranga mafic volcanic rocks was more depleted than N-MORB-source mantle. Subduction signature was dominated by aqueous fluids derived from slab dehydration, whereas the role of subducted sediments in mantle-wedge metasomatization was subordinate, implying that the subduction system was sediment-starved and far from continental clastic input. The amount of slab-derived fluids was enough to produce hydrous magmas that follow the tholeiitic but not the calc-alkaline differentiation trend. With Mg# > 64, few samples of Wadi Ranga mafic volcanic rocks are similar to primitive arc magmas, whereas the other samples have clearly experienced considerable fractional crystallization.The low abundances of trace elements, together with low K₂O contents of the felsic metavolcanic rocks indicate that they were erupted in a primitive island arc setting. The felsic volcanic rocks are characterized by lower K/Rb ratios compared to the mafic volcanic rocks, higher trace element abundances (~ 2 to ~ 9 times basalt) on primitive arc basalt-normalized pattern and nearly flat chondrite-normalized REE patterns, which display a negative Eu anomaly. These features are largely consistent with fractional crystallization model for the origin of the felsic volcanic rocks. Moreover, SiO₂-REE variations for the Wadi Ranga volcanic rocks display steadily increasing LREE over the entire mafic to felsic range and enriched La abundances in the felsic lavas relative to the most mafic lavas, features which are consistent with production of the felsic volcanic rocks through fractional crystallization of basaltic melts. The relatively large volume of Wadi Ranga silicic volcanic rocks implies that significant volume of silicic magmas can be generated in immature island arcs by fractional crystallization and indicates the significant role of intra-oceanic arcs in the production of Neoproterozoic continental crust. We emphasize that the geochemical characteristics of these rocks such as their low LILE and nearly flat REE patterns can successfully discriminate them from other Egyptian Neoproterozoic felsic volcanic rocks, which have higher LILE, Zr and Nb and fractionated REE patterns.     

羌北-昌都地块那益雄组火山岩锆石U-Pb年代学及地球化学特征

本文对青藏高原羌北-昌都地块阿布日阿加措地区的晚二叠世那益雄组火山岩进行了年代学和地球化学研究。该火山岩主要由玄武岩、安山玄武岩、安山岩、流纹岩、凝灰岩组成,具有碱性玄武岩到酸性熔岩的特征。锆石U-Pb年代学研究表明该火山岩的形成时代为251. 1±4. 8～249. 6±1. 3 Ma之间。地球化学分析结果表明,该地区的流纹岩具有高的Si O2(74. 85%～77. 55%)和Na2O+K2O(5. 40%～6. 61%)含量,较低的MgO、K2O和Ca O含量,Al2O3含量低且稳定,里特曼指数平均为1. 15,小于3. 3。安山岩Si O2含量55. 13%～56. 28%,Na2O+K2O含量4. 13%～6. 15%,里特曼指数平均为2. 20,小于3. 3,属于钙碱性安山岩。碱性玄武岩Si O2含量51. 49%,Na2O+K2O含量6. 34%,里特曼指数为4. 73,属于碱性系列。稀土元素配分曲线为富集LREE的右倾型。另外,富集大离子亲石元素(LILE) Th、U,亏损高场强元素(HFSE) Nb、Ta等特征,均说明羌北-昌都地块阿布日阿加措地区的火山岩形成于陆缘岛弧环境。     

吉林延边和龙地区泉水村组火山岩锆石U—Pb定年、地球化学特征及其地质意义

通过对延边地区泉水村组火山岩的岩相学、年代学以及地球化学研究来约束该地区的构造演化。泉水村组火山岩分为两段,上段为流纹岩、流纹质凝灰岩、流纹质角砾岩,下段为安山岩、安山质角砾岩。整体为两个喷发旋回,呈爆发相-喷溢相的持续。锆石U—Pb测年表明流纹质凝灰岩形成年龄为(115. 5±5. 3) Ma,为早白垩世晚期,其地球化学特征表明原始岩浆来源于地壳的部分熔融;安山岩地球化学特征显示其岩浆源区是地幔楔由于遭受俯冲流体交代作用从而发生部分熔融,同时有较多地壳物质的混染,表现出活动大陆边缘构造背景下岩浆岩的特征。结合其他证据推断古太平洋板块至少在早中侏罗世就已经向吉黑东部开始俯冲,晚侏罗世—早白垩世早期俯冲作用消减,早白垩世晚期又发生强烈俯冲。     

The geochemistry of repetitive cyclical volcanism from basalt through rhyolite in the uchi-confederation greenstone belt,canada

Archean volcanic rocks in the Confederation Lake area, northwestern Ontario, Canada, are in three mafic to felsic cycles collectively 8,500 to 11,240 m thick. Each cycle begins with pillowed basalt and andesite flows and is capped with andesitic to rhyolitic pyroclastic rocks and minor flows. Seventy five samples from this succession were analyzed for major and trace elements including the rare earth elements. In two cycles, tholeiitic basalts are overlain by calcalkaline andesite to rhyolite. In the third, cycle, the tholeiitic basalts are overlain by tholeiitic rhyolites. Fe enrichment in basalts is accompanied by depletion of Ca, Al, Cr, Ni, and Sr, and enrichment in Ti, P, the rare earth elements, Nb, Zr, and Y. This is interpreted as open system fractionation of olivine, plagioclase, and clinopyroxene. Si enrichment in dacites and rhyolites is attributed to fractional crystallization of plagioclase, K-feldspar, and biotite. Tholeiitic basalt liquids are believed to be mantle-derived. Intercalated andesites with fractionated rare earth patterns appear to be products of mixing of tholeiitic basalt and rhyolite liquids and, andesites with flat rare earth patterns are probably produced by melting of previously depleted mantle. Felsic magmas are partial melts of tholeiitic basalt or products of liquid immiscibility in a tholeiitic system perhaps involving extreme fractionation in a high level magma chamber, and assimilation of sialic crust. It is concluded that Archean cyclical volcanism in this area involves the interplay of several magmatic liquids in processes of fractional crystallization, magma mixing, liquid immiscibility, and the probable existence of compositionally zoned magma chambers in the late stages of each cycle. The compositionally zoned chambers existed over the time period represented by the upper felsic portion of each cycle.     

Enrichment of basalt and mixing of dacite in the rootzone of a large rhyolite chamber: inclusions and pumices from the Rattlesnake Tuff, Oregon

 A variety of cognate basalt to basaltic andesite inclusions and dacite pumices occur in the 7-Ma Rattlesnake Tuff of eastern Oregon. The tuff represents ∼280 km³ of high-silica rhyolite magma zoned from highly differentiated rhyolite near the roof to less evolved rhyolite at deeper levels. The mafic inclusions provide a window into the processes acting beneath a large silicic chamber. Quenched basaltic andesite inclusions are substantially enriched in incompatible trace elements compared to regional primitive high-alumina olivine tholeiite (HAOT) lavas, but continuous chemical and mineralogical trends indicate a genetic relationship between them. Basaltic andesite evolved from primitive basalt mainly through protracted crystal fractionation and multiple cycles (≥10) of mafic recharge, which enriched incompatible elements while maintaining a mafic bulk composition. The crystal fractionation history is partially preserved in the mineralogy of crystal-rich inclusions (olivine, plagioclase ± clinopyroxene) and the recharge history is supported by the presence of mafic inclusions containing olivines of Fo₈₀. Small amounts of assimilation (∼2%) of high-silica rhyolite magma improves the calculated fit between observed and modeled enrichments in basaltic andesite and reduces the number of fractionation and recharge cycles needed. The composition of dacite pumices is consistent with mixing of equal proportions of basaltic andesite and least-evolved, high-silica rhyolite. In support of the mixing model, most dacite pumices have a bimodal mineral assemblage with crystals of rhyolitic and basaltic parentage. Equilibrium dacite phenocrysts are rare. Dacites are mainly the product of mingling of basaltic andesite and rhyolite before or during eruption and to a lesser extent of equilibration between the two. The Rattlesnake magma column illustrates the feedback between mafic and silicic magmas that drives differentiation in both. Low-density rhyolite traps basalts and induces extensive fractionation and recharge that causes incompatible element enrichment relative to the primitive input. The basaltic root zone, in turn, thermally maintains the rhyolitic magma chamber and promotes compositional zonation. Received: 1 June 1998 / Accepted: 5 February 1999     

准噶尔盆地春晖油田石炭系火山岩储层控制因素分析

春晖油田石炭系火山岩地层中,油气富集程度与储层发育程度呈正相关关系。研究认为,储层的发育与分布主要受岩相、岩性和构造运动的控制。岩相控制岩性,岩性控制储集空间组合类型,溢流相和火山沉积相围绕爆发相具有环带状分布特点,从火山角砾岩→玄武岩、安山岩→凝灰岩,储集性能逐渐变差;构造运动则控制裂缝的发育及溶蚀作用,断层周边微裂缝发育,沿着微裂缝则溶蚀作用增强,次生孔隙发育。     

东天山石炭纪企鹅山群火山岩岩石成因

土屋矿区南北大沟企鹅山群火山岩的岩石地球化学研究表明:东天山企鹅山群火山岩主要为拉斑系列,少量为钙碱系列;岩石类型为玄武岩、玄武安山岩、英安岩和流纹岩。稀土、微量元素和Sr、Nd同位素特点揭示:该火山岩系形成于大陆裂谷环境;其源区主要为软流圈地幔,同时有岩石圈地幔源组分卷入,酸性岩浆是玄武质岩浆结晶分异的产物。     

Review Section

ABSTRACT

The petrology, geochronology, and geochemistry of the early Permian volcanic rocks from Houtoumiao area, south Xiwuqi County in central Inner Mongolia of China, are studied to elucidate the early Permian tectonic setting of the region. The volcanic rocks, which are interbedded with sandstone, feature both mafic and felsic compositions and show a bimodal nature. Zircon U–Pb dating reveals that the volcanic rocks formed at 274–278 Ma, similar to the ages of bimodal magmatism in neighbouring areas. The mafic rocks are composed of tholeiitic basalt, basaltic andesite, basaltic trachyandesite, and trachyandesite. They are rich in Th, U, and LILEs, depleted in HFSEs Nb, Ta, and Ti, and have positive ε_Nd(t) values (+3.6 to +7.9). Geochemical analyses indicate that the mafic rocks originated from metasomatized lithospheric mantle. The felsic volcanic rocks are mainly rhyolite, with minor trachyte and dacite. They have different evolutionary tendencies of major elements, chondrite-normalized REE patterns, and isotopic compositions from the mafic volcanic rocks, which preclude formation by fractional crystallization of mafic melts. The ε_Nd(t) values of the felsic rocks are similar to those of the Carboniferous Baolidao arc rocks in the region. It is suggested that Permian felsic melts originated from the partial melting of Carboniferous juvenile arc-related rocks. By comparison with typical Cenozoic bimodal volcanism associated with several tectonic settings, including rift, post-collisional setting, back-arc basin, and the Basin and Range, USA, the bimodal volcanic rocks in central Inner Mongolia display similar petrological and geochemical characteristics to the rocks from back-arc basin and the Basin and Range, USA. Based on the analysis of regional geological data, it is inferred that the early Permian bimodal volcanic rocks in the study area formed on an extensional continental margin of the Siberian palaeoplate after late Carboniferous subduction–accretion.     

Petrology of Igneous Rocks in Northern Golpayegan, Iran

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扬子地块北缘西乡群孙家河组火山岩形成时代及元素地球化学研究

西乡群孙家河组为一套低绿片岩相浅变质火山-沉积岩系,主要由基性-中基性-酸性火山岩和凝灰岩、沉凝灰岩、泥岩、硅质岩组成,火山岩岩石类型包括玄武岩、安山岩、英安岩和流纹岩.LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年揭示流纹岩形成时代为832.9±4.9Ma,辉石玄武岩的形成时代为845.0±17Ma,两者在误差范围内一致,属新元古代同期岩浆作用产物.元素地球化学研究表明,孙家河组玄武岩属拉斑玄武岩系列,具有受地壳混染的板内玄武岩的地球化学特点.玄武岩-安山岩-英安岩主量元素成分投点呈规律性变化、REE球粒陨石标准化及微量元素原始地幔标准化分配型式具有一致性并相互重叠,不相容元素Th和相容元素Cr相关模拟图中沿分离结晶线分布,证明玄武岩-安山岩-英安岩为同一基性岩浆分离结晶的产物.REE和微量元素分配型式以及微量元素比值对的显著差异,暗示流纹岩与玄武岩-安山岩-英安岩来源于不同源区.Sr-Nd同位素研究表明,玄武岩-安山岩-英安岩样品的ε_(Nd)(t)值均大于0以及在ε_(Nd)(t)-(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_t图解中位于OIB成分区,表明其源区应为与洋岛玄武岩类似的地幔源区;流纹岩样品具有可与基性熔岩相比拟的ε_(Nd)(t)值,暗示流纹岩最有可能是初生玄武质地壳部分熔融而成.本文所研究的原划孙家河组火山岩系列的形成时代、构造环境的确定以及扬子陆块乃至世界上同一时间内普遍发育大陆裂谷岩浆岩组合的地质事实,说明原划孙家河组以及西乡群中的确存在新元古代的组成部分,它们应是新元古代大陆裂谷的产物,它和扬子地块820M8后造山裂解环境花岗岩均是新元古代晚期Rodinia超大陆裂解作用的岩浆响应.     

青海鄂拉山地区三叠系洪水川组火山岩地球化学特征及构造环境

鄂拉山岩浆岩地处东昆仑、西秦岭、南祁连造山带交汇部位,内部结构复杂,是中国西部重要的构造结和矿集区之一.海相火山岩出露广泛,岩石类型主要由杏仁状玄武安山岩、杏仁状安山岩、安山质火山角砾岩、安山质晶屑岩屑凝灰岩、安山质角砾凝灰熔岩及英安岩、流纹岩等组成,以火山地层、夹层状、透镜状等形式赋存于洪水川组索拉曲砂岩、幸福村细浊积岩、河卡山粗浊积岩中,属海相喷发环境的产物.火山岩岩石化学成分与岛弧钙碱性安山岩平均化学成分相似,δEu平均为0.75,显示为弱负异常,(La/Sm)N、(Gd/Yb)N值平均分别为5.09、1.76,轻重稀土元素之间分馏程度显著,轻稀土元素分馏程度较高且富集.Ba、Rb、Th元素强烈富集,Ti、Cr等元素较亏损.Th×Ta/Hf2值在0.029～0.162,平均为0.079,具有陆缘火山弧的特性.由上所述,洪水川组火山岩产于碰撞后的拉伸环境.     

松辽盆地庆深气田深层火山岩储层储集性控制因素研究

松辽盆地庆深气田深层火山岩主要岩石类型为流纹岩、熔结凝灰岩、凝灰岩、火山集块岩、安山岩、英安岩和粗面岩,以中酸性火山岩为主,其主要储气岩为流纹岩和凝灰岩,与国内其他含油气盆地的火山岩储层明显不同。其原生孔隙受岩性、岩相控制,后期的成岩改造作用,包括构造活动、风化淋滤、溶蚀作用、脱玻化作用决定了火山岩次生孔隙发育程度,尤其是溶蚀作用,它是决定原生孔隙不发育火山岩能否成为有效储层的关键因素。不同地区火山岩储层的发育状况与火山岩所处的位置有关。火山机构多沿断裂带分布,火山口附近多种岩相叠合区和近火山口爆发相和喷溢相叠合区的储层物性较好,是天然气勘探的有利目标。     

Petrogenesis and geodynamic implications of the Late Carboniferous felsic volcanics in the Bogda belt,Chinese Northern Tianshan

An integrated study on petrology and geochemistry has been carried out on the Late Carboniferous I-type felsic volcanics of the Liushugou Formation in the Bogda belt to constrain the late Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the Bogda belt. The felsic volcanics were dated to be 315 to 319 Ma and are composed of trachy-andesite–trachyte ignimbrites and rhyolite lavas. They are in conformable contact with high-Al basalt. The eruption of the felsic volcanics and high-Al basalt is not bimodal volcanism, but is related to bimodal magma (basaltic and rhyolitic magmas). MELTS modeling and comparison with previous basaltic melting experiments indicate that the felsic volcanics are likely produced by partial melting of hydrated mafic crust rather than fractional crystallization of high-Al basalt. It is also supported by relatively large amounts of felsic volcanics to high-Al basalts and remarkably different incompatible element ratios (e.g., Th/Zr, Nb/Zr and U/Zr) of the rocks. The Bogda felsic volcanics have positive ε_Nd(t) values (6.2–7.4), low Pb isotopes and low zircon saturation temperatures, consistent with a derivation from a juvenile crust in an arc setting. The intermediate ignimbrites display melting–mingling textures and abundant feldspar aggregates and have various δEu ratios, indicating that magma mingling and feldspar fractionation processes may have played an important role in the genesis of the ignimbrites. In contrast, the Early Permian felsic rocks in this region are of post-collisional A-type. We therefore propose that the Bogda belt was an island arc in the Late Carboniferous and then switched to a post-collisional setting in the Early Permian due to the arc–arc collision at the end of the Late Carboniferous.     

线性降维映射方法识别火山岩岩性

随着世界对油气资源的需求不断增加,火山岩油气藏的勘探和开发逐步成为油气储量、产量的新的增长点。火山岩岩性研究是火山岩油气储层研究的基础。常规的识别岩性方法不是很有效,作者曾用主成份分析方法来识别火山岩岩性,取得了一些效果,能够把基性岩,中性岩和酸性岩三大类岩石区分开来。但当岩性中也包括结构时,识别的效果就不是很理想,很难将流纹岩和流纹质凝灰岩区分开来。对岩石薄片鉴定,全岩分析以及综合测井曲线得到的火山岩岩样应用线性降维映射方法来识别,取得了很好的效果,它能将常规主成份分析方法很难区分的流纹岩和流纹质凝灰岩区分开来。