黄河三角洲高效生态经济区生态环境承载力分析

以黄河三角洲19个地区2010年统计年鉴的数据为依据,应用生态足迹法,对该区2010年的生态足迹进行计算与分析。结果表明,黄河三角洲地区的生态足迹均为赤字,人均生态足迹为68．396 hm2,人均实际可利用生态承载力为14．057 hm2,人均生态赤字为54．339 hm2。反映出评价区人类的生产、生活强度超过了生态系统的承载能力,区域生态系统处于被人类过度开发利用状态。     

生态足迹模型在武城县环境友好型土地利用模式建设中的应用

应用生态足迹模型，对武城县2005年的生态足迹进行了计算，得出武城县人均生态足迹是1．66hm^2／人，可利用的全县人均生态承载力为0．54hm^2／人，全县人均生态赤字为1．12hm^2／人，远高于全国平均水平。全县生态赤字最多的是草地，然后依次是化石燃料用地、耕地、建设用地、林地，这表明武城县对自然环境的影响已经大大地超出了生态环境承载力。人们对生活环境要求的提高，以及工业的飞速发展对化石燃料消耗和耕地占用的急剧增加是产生生态赤字的主要原因。     

基于LUCC的张家界市生态补偿研究

本文基于张家界市土地利用/土地覆盖变化,通过改进的生态系统服务价值与生态足迹的方法,测算了研究区域的生态补偿额度。研究表明:(1)从2001~2013年张家界市各县(区)生态系统服务价值变化率来看,永定区呈下降态势;增幅最大的是武陵源区,其次是桑植县,慈利县增幅最小。(2)2013年张家界市的人均生态足迹为1.3625 hm~2,而实际生态承载力为0.9556 hm~2,人均可利用生态承载力为0.8409 hm~2,则人均生态赤字为-0.5215 hm~2。(3)计算出了张家界市各县(区)的生态补偿标准,其中慈利县需要支付的生态补偿量最高,为18.61亿元;其次是永定区,为10.49亿元;再次是武陵源区,为582.12万元;最小的是桑植县,为359.70万元。评价结果将促进张家界市生态环境保护和经济社会的可持续发展。     

南水北调工程中南阳市生态可持续发展现状分析

采用生态足迹理论,对南阳市的生态可持续发展状况进行了定量评估,计算结果表明:南阳市2005年人均生态足迹为0.9921 hm~2,人均生态承载力为0.494 6 hm~2,人均生态赤字为0.497 6 hm~2,说明南阳市的发展正处于一种不可持续状态,人类对自然的利用程度已经超过了本地区自然生态系统所能承载的能力。南阳是南水北调中线工程水源地和渠首所在地,虽然水源地丹江口水库和渠首地的生态环境很好,但若水源地和渠首所在地南阳这一大环境的生态可持续发展不能实现,这势必会影响到中线工程的质量和长期效益的发挥。对此应予以关注。     

中国水资源生态足迹与生态承载力时空分析

水是生命之源,水资源利用率的高低对国家社会的进步起着举足轻重的作用。运用水资源生态足迹模型和ArcGIS分析了中国1997~2010年水资源生态足迹和生态承载力,结果表明:1997~2010年中国水资源生态足迹总体呈缓慢上升趋势,水资源生态承载力年际差别较大,与降水量有较强的相关性,相关系数达0.93;在分析时间段内,中国水资源呈现生态盈余状态,但空间分布不均,西南地区水资源生态盈余较大,华东、华北和西北部分地区出现生态赤字。此外,人均水资源生态承载力呈波动下降趋势;万元GDP水资源生态足迹呈下降趋势,年均下降率为11.37%。研究结果可以为中国水资源规划与管理提供参考。     

基于生态足迹的侯马市生态承载力分析

本文通过引入生态足迹模型,在定量的可操作层面针对侯马市生态承载能力进行了分析,并计算了侯马市2000—2005年生态盈亏情况。结果表明,侯马市在2000—2005年期间存在生态赤字情况,其生态环境处于不可持续发展的状态。根据计算,耕地是侯马市生态承载力中贡献作用最大的用地类型,为改善侯马市生态承载力状况,应该加强耕地保护。     

文登市建设用地耕作层土壤剥离工作探讨

山东省文登市耕地面积6.2137万hm2,人均耕地不足0.097 hm2,耕地后备资源稀缺,土地供需矛盾日益突出。随着经济社会快速发展,全市建设项目占用耕地数量逐年增加。近年来,文登市在被占用耕地耕作层土壤剥离方面作了一些探索,取得了较好成效,走出了一条活用表层熟土再造肥田沃土的新路子。     

坚持土地节约集约利用促进文登经济和谐发展

文登市位于山东半岛东部,总面积1 779.84km2。辖14个镇、3个街道办事处、2处省级开发区,810个行政村、88个居委会,总人口64.25万人,其中农村人口46.2万人。全市耕地面积62 137.93hm2,人均耕地不足0.084 hm2,低于全国和全省的平均水平,土地供需矛盾日益突出。     

成武县土地开发复垦整理的几点做法

成武县地处鲁西南,属黄泛平原区.全县耕地总面积70711.33hm2,总人口63万,人均耕地为0.112hm2(1.68亩),耕地后备资源总量为11382.72hm2,耕地日益减少与建设用地需求矛盾比较突出.1955年全县人均耕地占有量为0.22hm2(3.29亩).1989年,人均耕地量为0.124hm2(1.86亩).34年间,人均耕地净减少0.095hm2(1.43亩),到2004年,15年间人均耕地又净减少0.012hm2(0.18亩).耕地总量动态平衡形势日益严峻,土地利用结构、布局和综合效益不高.为实现全县耕地总量动态平衡,满足经济发展需要,成武县委、县政府高度重视,从1993年开始,先后在全县实施了“空心村“治理,废弃地开发复垦,农用地的整理等工程,并取得了显著成绩.……     

黄土高原生态退耕的时空分异特征

生态退耕是调整陆地生态系统结构与功能以应对土地利用过度干扰的重要途径之一,因此科学掌握退耕格局与耕地格局演变对黄土高原生态环境治理与生态修复具有深远意义。本文以位于黄土高原的延安市为典型区,从生态退耕的整体特征、地形因素及区域差异等角度,探究生态退耕以来其耕地变化及退耕状况的空间分异特征。结果表明：生态退耕致使延安市耕地面积由2000年的11 752.80 km²减少为2013年的9149.93 km²,退耕面积为2756.85 km²,退耕指数为22.15%,且退耕耕地主要转化为林地、草地,占退耕面积的95.29%;耕地与退耕面积主要分布于6~15°、15~25°坡度及第II级（925~1115 m）、第III级（1115~1275 m）,且2005-2013年的生态退耕速率均高于2000-2005年的生态退耕速率;县域退耕面积及退耕程度均呈现由北向南依次递减的分异特征,而退耕重心与耕地重心均在延安市几何中心以北的安塞县与宝塔区边界,且生态退耕的重心由东北向西南方向迁移,耕地重心则由北向南迁移。本文通过对延安市生态退耕的时空分异特征分析可为黄土高原更加科学合理地推进生态保育与生态文明建设提供参考。     

Thermohaline structure inhomogeneity associated with polynia at the northern margin of Emery Ice-shelf

Based on the hydrographic data in austral summer during the 22nd Antarctic Expedition of China(2005/2006),some features can be found about the northern margin of Emery ice shelf as follows.The heat content in the surface layer(0-50 m) at the eastern end and the western end of the ice-shelf margin is much higher than that at the middle.The upper mixing-layer depth and the seasonal thermocline depth at the middle of the ice-shelf northern margin are much shallower than those at the both ends.However there is much less difference between the middle and the ends in the bottom layer.The remote sensing photos show that the inhomogeneity in the surface-layer water is closely related to the spatial distribution of the floes and polynia in the area.     

Phylogenetic analysis of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice

Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA of 8 strains of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice was studied.The results showed that strain BJ1 belonged to genus Planococcus,which was a genus of low mole percent G C gram-positive bacteria;strain BJ6 belonged to genus Burkholderia of β-proteobacteria and the rest 6 strain all belonged to γ-proteobacteria,of which strain BJ8 was a species of Pseudoalteromonas,strain BJ2-BJ5 and BJ7 were members of genus Psychrobacter.Phylogenetic analysis also indicated that bacteria of genus Psychrobacter of the isolates formed a relatively independent phylogenetic cluster in comparison with other bacteria belonged to genus Psychrobacter.     

Foreword

正Rapid changes of Arctic sea ice cover have been in the focus of the international climate research community in recent years.Quite a few of nations have completed a large number of related surveys and research projects in the Arctic Ocean.Up to now,China has performed six research cruises to the Arctic Ocean resulting in a significant volume of research output.Improved knowledge on the atmospheree-sea ice-ocean interactions in the Arctic is a     

Exposure ages and radiogenic ages of ureilite(GRV 024516) and ordinary chondrite(GRV 024517) from Antarctica

The GRV 024516 and GRV 024517 meteorite samples collected from Grove Montains,Antactica are ureilite and H5 ordinary chondrite,respectively.Based on the study of mineralogy-petrology,the cosmic-ray exposure ages and gas retention ages of these two meteorites were determinated and calculated.Their cosmic-ray exposure ages are 33.3 Ma,51.7 Ma,and gas retention ages are 1936.8 Ma and 3720 Ma,respectively.The ureilite contains diamond,graphite and amorphous C,which are mainly carrier of noble gases indicating obviously shock metamorphism effects,which induced 40Ar partial loss.The H5 chondrite indicates thermal metamorphism of parent body,its gas retention age fall the range between 3220 Ma and 4510 Ma of the least shocked H5 chondrites     

Information for authors

正1 Aims and Scope Advances in Polar Science(APS)is an international,peer-reviewed journal jointly sponsored by the Polar Research Institute of China and the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration.APS is a comprchensive academic journal dedicated to presentation of multi-disciplinary achievements in Arctic and Antarctic expeditions and research.Its primary purpose is to publish achievements in fundamental research,applied     

Advances in Polar Science CONTENTS(Volume 25,2014)

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Guide to Authors： Journal of Mountain Science

<正>AIMS AND SCOPE(Editorial Policy)The Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)is devoted to mountains and their surrounding lowlands-ecoregions of particular global importance,with a particular emphasis on the important highlands/mountains in the world,such as the Tibetan Plateau,the Himalayas,the Alps,the Andes,the Rockies and many other mountain ranges of our planet.     

Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)

<正>The Journal of Mountain Science(JMS),founded in2004,is an international English-language journal on mountain sciences.JMS is supervised by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS),sponsored by the Chengdu Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,CAS,published by Science Press China,and distributed by Springer exclusively throughout the world(excluding Mainland China).The JMS is published bimonthly,fulltexted in SpringerLink and CNKI,indexed/abstracted by