海洋红树林植物木榄化学成分研究

采用多种柱层析方法从红树植物木榄(Bruguiera gymnorrhiza(L.)Lam.)中分离获得9个单体成分,综合运用现代波谱技术鉴定了所有成分的化学结构,分别为格榄酮(I)、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(II)、黄芪苷(III)、芦丁(IV)、3-O-甲基槲皮素(V)、羽扇豆醇(VI)、羽扇豆酮(VII)、蒲公英赛酮(VIII)和胡萝卜苷(IX),其中化合物II~V为首次从木榄属植物中分离得到。     

产自两株海洋真菌的三种鞘脂类的结构测定

3种鞘脂类代谢产物N-2’-羟基十六碳酰基-1-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-9-甲基-4E,8E-十八碳二烯-1-醇(A)、N-2’-羟基-3’E-十八碳烯酰基-1-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-9-甲基-4E,8E-十八碳二烯-1-醇(B)和N-十六碳酰基二氢鞘氨醇(C)分别产生于来源于中国南海的2株海洋真菌(菌株编号为1924和3893),通过2DNMR、MS等方法测定了它们的结构。这是首次从南海红树内生真菌分离得到的3种鞘脂类代谢产物。     

南海海洋真菌Fusarium sp.(#2489)的代谢产物

首次对南海海洋真菌Fusarium sp.(#2489)的代谢产物进行研究，从菌体和培养液中共分离纯化得10个化合物，它们的结构通过IR，MS，NMR谱以及元素分析推导确定，其中（3′E，4E)-1-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-3-羟基-2-（2′-羟基十八碳酰基）氨基-10-甲基-3′，4，9-十八碳三烯（A）是鞘胺醇甙，为首次从海洋真菌中分离得到。     

中国南海圆裂短足软珊瑚的甾体成分研究

从南海圆裂短足软珊瑚(Cladiella krempfi)中分离出12个甾体化合物,分别鉴定为:1,2-[1',3',4']oxodithiin-pregna-20-en-3-one(1);19-nor-4-methylpregna-1,3,5(10),20-tetraen-1-ol(2);pregna-1-en-3-one-20-ol(3);pregna-1,7-dien-20-ol-3-one(4);pregna-5,20-dien-3-O-α-fucopyranoside(5);pregna-20-en-3-O-α-fu-copyranoiside(6);孕甾-1,20-二烯-3-酮(7);孕甾-1,4,20-三烯-3-酮(8);24-甲基-5α-胆甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5,6β-三醇(9);26-甲基-24-亚甲基胆甾-5烯-3β-醇(10);胆甾-5-烯-3β醇(11);β-谷甾醇(12).化合物1～6系首次从Cladiella属软珊瑚中获得的孕甾类化合物.对所获得化合物的生源途径进行了初步讨论.     

药用红树林植物黄槿的化学成分研究

利用正相硅胶柱色谱、反相硅胶柱色谱、凝胶Sephadex LH-20柱色谱、制备薄层色谱（PTLC）及重结晶等分离手段，从海洋红树林植物黄槿（Hibiscus tilisceus）中分离得到11个化合物，通过MS、1D和2D NMR等波谱技术鉴定了所有化合物的结构，分别为coniferaldehyde（1），3,4-二羟基苯甲酸甲酯（2），松脂醇（3），丁香脂素（4），格榄酮（5），黄芪苷（6），植醇（7），胆甾-5-烯-3β，7α-二醇（8），胆甾-5-烯-3β，7β-二醇（9），胆甾醇（10）和声-胡萝卜苷（11）。这些化合物均为首次从该植物中分离获得。     

南海脆灯蕊柳珊瑚化学成分的研究

从南海脆灯蕊柳珊瑚Junceella fragilis的二氯甲烷/乙醇提取物中分离得到13个化合物,通过光谱分析及文献对照,它们的结构分别被鉴定为:stigmasta-5,28-diene-3,24-diol(1),stigmasta-5,22-diene-3-ol(2),24α-methylcholest-7,22-dien-3,β5α,6-tβriol(3),cholesterol(4),1,2-O-[2’-hydroxyoctadecyl]-glycerol(5),ba-tyl alcohol(6),N-palmitoyloctadecasphinga-4(E)-ene(7),(2S,3S,4R,8E)-2-N-(2-hydroxytetracosanoyl)octa-decasphinga-8-ene(8),1-O--βD-glycopyranosyl-(2S,3S,4R,8Z)-2-N-(2-hydroxytetracosanoyl)octadecasphinga-8-ene(9),uracil(10),thymine(11),purine(12),adenosine(13);其中化合物1,3,5,7,8,9,13均为首次从该种海洋动物中分离得到。     

海洋红藻多管藻内生真菌EN-22 的化学成分研究

对采自广西涠州岛近海多管藻(Poiysiphonia urceolata)分离到的一株内生真菌EN-22的次生代谢产物的化学成分进行了研究.利用正相硅胶柱层析、葡聚糖凝胶Sephadex LH-20柱层析、制备薄层层析(PTLC)以及重结晶等分离手段从该菌发酵液中分离得到15个化合物,通过一维、二维核磁共振技术、质谱技术等鉴定了所有化合物的结构,分别为:4-(4-喹啉)-4-羟基-2-丁酮(1),3-羟基-3-(2-氧丙基)吲哚-2-酮(2),3-吲哚乙醇(3),3-吲哚甲酸(4),2-羟基-3-吲哚丙酸(5),2-酮-3-吲哚乙醇(6),3,3-二吲哚-2-羟基-丙醇(7),β-咔啉(8),尿嘧啶(9),环-(S-脯氨酸-S-异亮氨酸)(10),(22E,24R)-3β,5α,9α-三羟基麦角甾-7,22-二烯-6-酮(11),(22E,24R)-5α,6α-环氧麦角甾-8,22-二烯-3β,7α-二醇(12),5α,6α-环氧-24(R)-甲基胆甾-7,22-二烯-3β-醇(13),胡萝卜苷(14),过氧化麦角甾醇(15);其中化合物1和2为新天然产物,并首次报道化合物1的碳谱数据.     

滨海湿地耐盐植物二色补血草化学成分研究

采用硅胶柱层析,Sephedex-LH-20凝胶层析,HPLC等方法,从滨海湿地耐盐植物二色补血草中分离得到了10个单体化合物。运用NMR,MS以及与文献对照,鉴定它们的结构分别为豆甾烷-3,6-二酮(1),豆甾-4烯-3,6-二酮(2),6β-羟基-豆甾-4-烯-3-酮(3),5α,8α-环二氧-24-甲基-胆-甾6,22E-二烯-3β-醇(4),5,α8α-环二氧-24-甲基-胆甾-6,9,22E-三烯-3β-醇(5),麦角-甾4,6,8(14),22E?四烯-3-酮(6),植醇(7),正十六烷酸(8),亚油酸(9),亚油酸单甘油酯(10)。化合物1~7和10为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

海洋红树林植物黄槿内生真菌Aspergillus sydowii EN-198化学成分研究

对采自海南东寨港的海洋红树林植物黄瑾(Hibiscus tiliaceus)叶中分离到的一株内生真菌Aspergillus sydowii EN-198的次生代谢产物进行了研究.利用正相与反相硅胶柱层析、葡聚糖凝胶Sephadex LH-20柱层析以及制备薄层层析(PTLC)等分离手段从其发酵液中分离得到14个化合物,通过一维、二维核磁共振技术、质谱技术等鉴定了所有化合物的结构,分别为:环-(S-脯氨酸-S-苯丙氨酸)(1),环-(S-脯氨酸-S-亮氨酸)(2),环-(S-苯丙氨酸-S-色氨酸)(3),(1S)-1-(4 '-间羟基苯甲酸)-1,1,5,5-二甲基己二醇(4),曲酸(5),N-[2-(4-吲哚)乙基]乙酰胺(6),N-[2-(4-对羟基苯酚)乙基]乙酰胺(7),胸腺嘧啶脱氧核苷(8),尿嘧啶脱氧核苷(9),尿嘧啶核苷(10),过氧化麦角甾醇(11),麦角甾醇(12),(2S,2'R,3R,3 'E,4E,8E)-N-(2’-羟基-3’-十六烯酰基)-9-甲基-4,8-二十碳二烯-1,3-二醇(13)以及1-O-β-D-葡萄糖基-(2S,2'R,3R,3'E,4E,8E)-N-(2’-羟基-3’-十六烯酰基)-9-甲基-4,8-二十碳二烯-1,3-二醇(14);其中化合物1和2为首次从Aspergillus sydowii中分离得到.对所有化合物测试其抑菌活性,发现化合物5与7对金黄色葡萄球菌有较好抑制活性.     

一种中国南海枝网刺柳珊瑚次级代谢产物研究

利用硅胶、凝胶Sephadex LH-20、反相硅胶ODS柱色谱和HPLC等手段对一种中国南海枝网刺柳珊瑚Echino-gorgia sassapo reticulata(Esper)的次级代谢产物进行了研究。从提取物的乙酸乙酯相中分离获得13个单体化合物,运用现代波谱技术并结合文献数据,鉴定其结构分别为:尿嘧啶核糖核苷(1),2’-脱氧尿嘧啶核苷(2),2’-脱氧胸腺嘧啶核苷(3),尿嘧啶(4),鲨肝醇(5),1-O-eicosanylglycerol(6),11,13-dihydro-7,11-dehydro-3-desoxy-zaluzalanin C(7),邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(8),邻苯二甲酸1-(2-甲基-丁基)酯-2-丁酯(9),(22E)-5-αcholest-22-ene-3α,5α,6-βtriol(10),(22E,24S)-24-methyl-5-αcholesta-7,22-diene-3β,5α,6,β9-tetraol(11),(24S)-methylene cholestane-3β,5α,6,β18-tetrol(12),胆甾醇(13)。除了化合物3和13外,其他化合物均为首次从该属柳珊瑚中分离得到。另外化合物9为首次作为天然产物单体化合物分离得到,化合物12为首次从柳珊瑚中获得。对化合物1 3进行了卤虫致死活性及斑马鱼胚胎毒性测试。     

Microbial Biomass and Organic Nutrients in the Deep-Sea Sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin

In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance.     

Assessing the Validity of Seismo-Acoustic Predictor Equations for Obtaining Seabed and Sub-Surface Sediment Physical Properties

The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths.     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification

An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm.     

Interannual Sea Level Variations and Annual Tides in the Northwestern Pacific

Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone.     

Deep-Sea Sediment Compression Curves: Some Controlling Factors, Spurious Overconsolidation, Predictions, and Geophysical Reproduction

Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations.     

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Coastal Lagoon Bacterioplankton and Picophytoplankton: Fixation and Storage Effects

The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics.     

Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans

A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.