柔性仿金枪鱼月牙形尾鳍水动力分析

为研究鱼类高速游动机理,以金枪鱼月牙形尾鳍为对象,采用面元法计算分析了其非定常水动力性能。假设尾鳍在横移和摇摆的同时,以某一匀速向前运动,并假设其在弦向和展向以某一给定规律发生变形,以模仿柔性变形。探讨了前进速度、横移和摇摆的幅度、频率及其相位差对柔性尾鳍推进性能的影响,并与做相应运动的刚性尾鳍进行了对比。     

摆动尾鳍水动力性能的试验和数值研究

鱼类能够在水下高速度、低噪音、高效率地游动。鱼类出色的推进性能通过其摆动尾鳍实现。这种摆动尾鳍推进方式已经用在了水下无人航行器上。因此研究摆动尾鳍的水动力性能是非常有意义的。对摆动尾鳍的推进水动力性能进行了详尽的研究。设计、装配了一套仿尾鳍推进系统,并对其进行了相应的水动力试验。在试验中研究了运动参数对摆动尾鳍水动力性能的影响。与此同时,采用基于雷诺平均N-S方程的数值方法对摆动尾鳍的水动力性能进行了研究。在数值计算中采用了k-ωSST湍流模型和有限体积法。数值计算结果和水动力试验结果进行了比较。对尾鳍表面的压力分布和流场中的尾涡结构进行了分析。水动力试验和数值计算都表明摆动尾鳍可以产生推进力和较高的推进效率。     

尾缘柔性变形对翼型水动力学性能的影响

流体机械柔性叶片特有的性能引起越来越多的关注,柔性叶片潮流能水轮机因叶片自适应变形,具有不同于刚性叶片水轮机的水动力学性能。首先从二维层面分析柔性尾缘变形对翼型水动力学性能的影响。利用ANSYS对创建的柔性叶片模型进行静力学分析,获得翼型截面变形后的节点数据,建立变形后的翼型模型。利用CFD仿真软件,采用k-ωSST的湍流模型,对比分析原始翼型和变形后翼型升阻力系数、表面压力系数分布及流场变化。结果表明:尾缘柔性变形对翼型性能有较大影响,适当变形可以提高翼型的升力系数;变形后翼型升阻比在一定攻角下大于原始翼型,有利于改善原始翼型的水动力学性能。     

人工柔性植被场中波浪衰减特性研究

通过SWAN-VEG模型对波浪在刚性及柔性植被中传播的模拟计算结果发现,SWAN-VEG模型能较好的模拟刚性植被场对波能衰减的特性,而对于柔性植被场的情况,则缺少合适的对阻力系数的估算方法。因而在传统的植被消浪模型的基础上,通过引入有阻尼的受迫振荡模型,来考虑柔性植被在不同入射波浪作用下的晃动效果,引入柔性植物体在波浪力下的避让因子D(D为植物运动速度与水质点流速的相对值),通过转换关系式来反映植被的柔性对阻力系数CD影响。对未考虑植被晃动的SWAN-VEG模型进行了修改,用于模拟计算波浪在柔性植被场中的衰减,并采用人工柔性材料进行物理模型试验对计算结果进行对比验证。结果表明,考虑植被晃动影响的模拟结果明显好于不计植被晃动影响的情况,验证结果的相关系数从0.68提高至0.83。由此说明在进行柔性植物消浪效果的研究中需考虑柔性植被的晃动效应,同时发现植被晃动效果的强弱与植物材质的固有频率ωn、阻尼比γ、植被高度hv以及入射波要素等因素有关。     

投弃式波流测量传感器浮标体结构分析及伪刚体建模研究

根据投弃式波流测量传感器的功能及应用特点,提出了其浮标体的结构设计要求,并依此给出了所设计浮标体的主体结构。文中描述了所设计的投弃式波流测量传感器浮标体各部分的结构功能,论证了该浮标体在投弃式波流测量方面的结构优势。共研究了所设计的3种不同投弃式波流测量传感器浮标体结构,包括两种采用柔性浮力叶片的浮标体和一种采用刚性浮力叶片的浮标体。根据柔顺机构学理论分别建立了其中两种柔性浮标体的伪刚体模型。对比了刚性浮标体和两种柔性浮标体的伪刚体模型在波浪海流作用下的姿态特点,分析了各浮标体在波高测量时的误差原因,得出了其中C型柔性浮标体具有更好的随波浪和海流运动响应的结论。为更深入地进行投弃式波浪测量传感器浮标体运动学和动力学的相关研究提供了模型基础。     

单关节尾鳍驱动式机器鱼的运动分析与仿真

鱼类的推进方式相较于螺旋桨推进更为高效且噪声更低,如何将鱼类的游动机理与机电驱动相结合一直是国内外的研究重点之一。以一款单关节尾鳍驱动式机器鱼为模型,结合鱼类的游动机理,介绍了实现机器鱼在水中基本运动的方法;建立机器鱼在水中的运动方程,探究机器鱼在推进过程中的尾鳍摆动频率与推进速度之间的关系,并结合具体参数确定推进系数,利用FLUENT软件验证运动方程的正确性,其中包含对机器鱼阻力方程和推力方程的仿真验证。通过对单关节机器鱼的运动分析及仿真,确定机器鱼推进效率的影响因素和结构优化设计的思路方法。     

垂直面平面运动机构

本文介绍了上海交通大学研制的垂直面平面运动机构。平面运动机构是一种使被试验船模产生正弦振荡,以测量其水动力系数的试验装置。它用于潜艇、潜水器、鱼雷、导弹等水下运动体的水动力性能研究。机构由振荡机构、驱动电控系统、测力与数据处理系统等组成。在研制中采用了一些新技术,与国外同类机构相比,它具有结构紧凑、测试精度高、获取数据多等优点。     

柔性尾鳍推进装置的机构综合与优化设计

根据柔性尾鳍推进装置所需达到的性能特性要求，本文对该装置进行了机构综合与优化设计，以改善其水动力性能，提高其推进效率。     

水陆两栖机器人水下动力学建模及操纵性研究

针对多模态水陆两栖机器人作业环境复杂使得水下运动状态难以预报等难题,基于 CFD 方法求解的水动力系数,构建了机器人水下运动的五自由度动力学和运动学模型。基于机器人水下动力学模型,采用四阶经典龙格库塔法,开展了机器人直航运动及水平面回转运动数值仿真研究,并进行了水池试验验证。 试验结果数据与数值仿真结果误差均不超过 10%,验证了机器人水动力系数及五自由度动力学模型的准确性, 为水陆两栖机器人研制提供了理论与技术支撑。     

非金属柔性立管在海洋潮流下的动力响应特性研究

针对海洋柔性立管在服役期间,整体性能和运动响应受潮流影响较大的问题,本文在海上试验的基础上,采用OrcaFlex对长细比为448的非金属柔性立管模型进行了数值模拟。研究了潮流作用下,流速和流向的改变对于非金属柔性立管受力情况、涡激振动(VIV)响应特性和控制模态的影响。研究结果表明:潮流流向对立管顶张力、曲率和立管整体VIV响应有着显著影响,随着流速增加呈现不同变化规律。柔性立管悬垂段在高流速下更容易激发高阶模态,并呈现出明显的行波特性;立管的悬挂点和触底点为危险区域,随着流向改变易发生疲劳破坏。研究结果对海洋柔性立管总体布置设计具有参考意义。     

Numerical simulation of the effects of fish behavior on flow dynamics around net cage

The computational fluid dynamics study is performed to analyze the impact of the cultured fish on the flow field through net cage and the deformation of net cage. The shear stress turbulent k-omega model is applied to simulate the flow field through the net cage, and the large deformation nonlinear structure model is adopted to conduct the structural analysis of the flexible net cage. To validate the net-fluid interaction model of the net cage in current, a series of physical model tests are conducted, which indicate that the numerical model can accurately simulate the flow field around the net cage and the deformation of the net cage. A fish model is used to simulate the effect of fish behavior on the flow pattern around the net cage and the deformation of the net cage. In addition, the flow fields around the net cage in current are investigated considering different fish group structures, fish swimming speeds, fish distributions and fish stocking densities. The results indicate that the circular movement of fish in the still water leads to a low pressure zone at the center of net cage, which causes a strong vertical flow along the center line of the net cage. The drag force on the net cage is significantly decreased with the increasing fish stocking density, but the most severe deformation of net cage occurred in the case of medium fish stocking density.     

Experimental Study of An Aquaculture Net Cage in Waves and Current

Model experiments of a floating fish cage subjected to waves and current have been performed. The objective was to study the dynamic behaviour of the fish cage model in waves and current. The fish cage model was composed of a model net, a flexible floating collar of the circular plastic type and a weight system. It was found that there are many wave periods in which cancellation of the wave-induced forces on the model occur. These cancellation wave periods are within the range of dimensioning wave periods commonly used for testing of fish farm structures and hence are important to be aware of. Large deformations of the net under realistic wave and current conditions were observed, where contact between the net and other parts of the structure were identified. This may cause damages to the net due to abrasion.     

线驱动自主巡游机器人设计及试验研究

设计了一种拉线机构驱动的仿鱼型自主巡游机器人,阐述了其机械结构、电路系统及控制算法的设计方案,同时开展开敞水域试验对其游动性能进行研究。研究表明,在直行及转弯试验中,当摆尾频率相同时,随着尾鳍摆动幅度的增加,机器鱼的游动速度上升;当尾鳍摆动幅度相同时,随着摆尾频率的增加,机器鱼游动速度先升后降,且在0.60 Hz附近时达到峰值;在目标角度转向试验中,当摆尾频率及目标角度相同时,随着尾鳍摆动幅度的增加,机器鱼的角度响应时间逐渐减小;当尾鳍摆动幅度及目标角度相同时,随着摆尾频率的增加,角度响应时间先降后升;当摆尾频率及摆动幅度相同时,目标角度的增加会使得角度响应时间呈上升趋势。研究成果验证了该机器鱼平台的可靠性,为将来进一步理论研究及实际应用提供了一定的参考。     

不同干结构模型对箱式超大型浮体结构水弹性响应的影响

三维线性水弹性力学利用结构在真空中弹性振型的正交性 ,对结构振动进行模态分析 ,用弹性体三维势流理论计算结构的水动力系数。因此 ,结构的干模态计算是十分重要的。应用三维线性水弹性理论研究箱式超大型浮体结构在波浪中的动力响应时 ,分别采用梁模型和三维空间有限元模型计算结构的干模态 ,并且采用同样的水动力模型 (弹性体三维势流理论 )研究了不同干结构模型对结构水弹性响应的影响     

Principles of actuation in the muscular system of fish

Over the last 20 years, there have been tremendous intellectual and technological advancements in the fields of muscle biophysics, biomechanics, and musculoskeletal modeling. These advances have fueled a revolution in integrative muscle physiology. Whereas 20 years ago the notion of understanding the function and design of a muscular system from the molecular to the whole animal level was a dream, it is now becoming a reality. Fish represent an exceptional model for understanding the function and design of the muscular system of vertebrates. There are two fundamental reasons for this preeminence. First, the unique anatomical separation of the different muscle fiber types has made fish the most tractable model (i.e., the use and properties of the different muscle fiber types can be most easily studied). Second, fish utilize the broadest range of movement than any vertebrate. This diversity of movement imposes a wide array of challenges on the muscular system of fish and at the same time enables physiologists/biomechanists to observe how these challenges have been met. These features have permitted us to extract a number of general principles of actuation and control that have evolved over millions of years. Rather than summarizing the considerable literature on fish muscle function and fish swimming, this paper will focus narrowly on a relatively few studies that permit us to extract principles of actuation. These principles may in turn provide some insights into the design and construction of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs).     

Modelling the growth of white seabream (Diplodus sargus) and gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) in semi-intensive earth production ponds using the Dynamic Energy Budget approach

Fish growth models may help understanding the influence of environmental, physiological and husbandry factors on fish production, providing crucial information to maximize the growth rates of cultivated species. The main objectives of this work were to: i) develop and implement an Individual Based Model using a Dynamic Energy Budget (IBM-DEB) approach to simulate the growth of two commercially important Sparidae species in semi-intensive earth ponds, the white seabream which is considered as a potential candidate for Mediterranean aquaculture and the gilthead seabream that has been cultivated since the early 80s; ii) evaluate which model parameters are more likely to affect fish performance, and iii) investigate which parameters might account for growth differences between the cultivated species. The model may be run in two modes: the “state variable” mode, in which an average fish is simulated with a particular parameter set and the “Individual Based Model” (IBM) mode that simulates a population of n fishes, each with its specific parameter set assigned randomly. The IBM mode has the advantage of allowing a quick model calibration and an evaluation of the parameter sets that produce the best fit between predicted and observed fish growth. Results revealed that the model reproduces reasonably well the growth of the two seabreams. Fish performance was mainly affected by parameters related to feed ingestion/assimilation and reserves utilization, suggesting that special attention should be taken in the estimation of these parameters when applying the model to other species. Comparing the DEB parameters set of the two sparids it seems that the white seabream's low growth rates are a result of higher maintenance costs and a lower feed assimilation efficiency. Hence, the development of new feed formulations may be crucial for the success of white seabream production in semi-intensive earth ponds.     

A baroclinic discontinuous Galerkin finite element model for coastal flows

Numerical modelling of coastal flows is a challenging topic due to complex topography of the coastal zone, rapid flow dynamics and large density variations. Such phenomena are best simulated with unstructured grid models due to their highly flexible spatial discretisation. This article presents a three-dimensional discontinuous Galerkin finite element marine model. Discontinuous Galerkin spatial discretisation is combined with an explicit mode splitting time integration scheme. Slope limiters are introduced to guarantee high quality of the tracer fields in the presence of strong gradients. Free surface movement is accounted for by means of an Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) moving mesh method. Water volume and tracers are conserved. The conservation properties and baroclinic adjustment under gravity are tested with numerical benchmarks. Finally, the model is applied to the Rhine river plume in an idealised setting.     

Economic impact of climate change and climate change adaptation strategies for fisheries sector in Solomon Islands: Implication for food security

Fisheries resources play a major role in the national economy and to food security in Solomon Islands. Climate change is likely to have a substantial impact on fish production that can lead to a fragile food security condition in the country. This paper assesses the potential economic impact of three important climate change adaptation strategies – natural resource management (NRM), fish aggregating devices (FAD) and aquaculture – in Solomon Islands. The study used a country-specific partial equilibrium economic model with six fish sub-sectors and analyzed potential impact of alternate climate change adaptation strategies for 2035 and 2050. The modeling and scenario analyses show that total fish demand is likely to surpass domestic fish production in 2050. Without appropriate climate adaptation strategy, per capita consumption of domestically produced fish will decline, which has serious negative food security implications for the country. The economic (welfare) analysis conducted based on modeling results show that the national level net economic gains due to climate change adaptation strategies are substantial. If cost and topographic conditions permit, low-cost inshore FADs are expected to be a good mechanism for augmenting domestic supplies of tuna and similar species in Solomon Islands.     

Estimation of ocean-bottom properties by matched-field inversion ofacoustic field data

A method for estimating properties of the ocean bottom such as bathymetry and geoacoustic parameters such as sound speed, density and attenuation, using matched-field inversion is considered. The inversion can be formulated as an optimization problem by assuming a discrete model of unknown parameters and a bounded search space for each parameter. The optimization then involves finding the set of parameter values which minimizes the mismatch between the measured acoustic field and modeled replica fields. Since the number of possible models can be extremely large, the method of simulated annealing, which provides an efficient optimization that avoids becoming trapped in suboptimal solutions, has been used. The matching fields are computed using a normal mode model. In inversions for range-dependent parameters, the adiabatic approximation is employed. This allows mode values to be precomputed for a grid of parameter values and stored in look-up tables for fast reference, which greatly improves computational efficiency. Synthetic inversion examples are presented for realistic range-independent and range-dependent environments     

仿生机器鱼转向机动的水动力性能数值研究

将仿生机器鱼的C-型转向机动划分为弯曲阶段、保持阶段和伸展阶段,首先基于计算流体力学（CFD）方法建立了鱼体与流体相互作用的耦合求解方法,其次通过二次开发FLUENT实现机器鱼在C-型转向机动过程中鱼体的大变形运动,最后数值计算了机器鱼在C-型转向机动过程中的运动性能、水动力性能和流场涡结构。计算结果表明：仿生机器鱼在弯曲阶段和保持阶段进行快速的转向;在伸展阶段,机器鱼的艏向角速度和侧向速度快速的减小至零值,而前进速度则快速的增加,在伸展阶段结束时获得一个较大的前进速度;在滑行阶段,仿生机器鱼以获得的纵向速度向前滑行,并且纵向速度缓慢的减小。机器鱼的C-型转向机动能够实现小范围内的大角度转向;在弯曲阶段和伸展阶段鱼体的快速弯曲和伸展运动各产生一个涡环,每个涡环产生一个射流,射流产生作用于机器鱼上的水动力和力矩。