居住区水景观设计探讨

本文分析了居住区水景观在居住环境中的功能作用,总结了居住区水景观规划设计的手法,归纳了规划设计中存在的问题,并提出相应的解决措施和意见,从而梳理出一条较清晰的居住区水景观设计脉络.     

景观设计教育与创造性思维的培养

景观设计与营造,是综合了科学和艺术以营造人类美好的生活环境的一个行业和学科;景观设计人才的教育要注重创造性思维的培养,景观设计不是凭空想象出来的,需要一个从实践到理论,再从理论到实践的创作过程;环境是人与自然交往的桥梁,是人与自然沟通的纽带,其目的是人与自然的有机融合,让人理解自然,享受自然,景观设计师的使命是要力求实现环境与建筑、人与自然的和谐。景观设计人才的培养应该在实践中科学的、艺术的处理人与人、人与自然、人与人文风俗的关系。     

基于河道景观模式的辽河生态治理思路探讨

通过对景观设计现有研究成果的总结分析,引出不同区域和文化特色景观治理模式。然后以辽河流域盘锦市河段景观治理为例,遵循以人为本、人文与生态相结合的原则,依托其深厚的地域特色文化底蕴详细阐述了景观治理模式的实施内容。研究表明:将历史文化和现代城市生活相融合的河道景观治理,实现了自然风情和生态性、城市型的协调平衡,将河流打造成充满文化和活力的自然景观;研究成果可为其他河段的综合治理和景观模式设计提供一种新的思路。     

城市河道整治与景观生态设计研究

城市河道关系着防洪及生态环境安全。以城市河道整治为入手点,依据城市上、下游河流段开发情况,对某地城市河道治理、已有河道整治项目及河势变化进行调查分析,基于城市河道整治现状及景观建设优势,设定城市河道整治规划,并依据城市河道景观设计需求,对城市河道整治与景观生态融合设计进行了进一步探究。全面提升城市河道水网生态面貌及防洪排涝能力,为区域水系建设及现代化城市建设提供充足的保障。     

城市河流生态景观规划设计浅析

对现今城市中河道利用的现状和不合理的建设进行分析,指出在发挥城市河道防洪作用的同时,应将城市河流景观设计与城市河流生态系统规划相结合,提出城市生态景观规划理念和原则,并针对目前城市河道景观整治中出现的问题进行城市生态景观规划方法的讨论。     

文化、生态与景观共融——沈阳航空学院新校区景观设计概念评述

以沈阳航空工业学院道义校区景观设计为例,通过阐述沈阳航空工业学院校园文化景观与生态景观的框架构成,强调新型大学校园景观设计在满足功能需求的前提下,更进一步追求社会人文景观与自然生态景观的共生共融,追求人、社会、自然的和谐统一。     

包头市钢铁大街道路绿化景观设计研究

城市道路景观展示城市风貌,同时作为认识城市的重要视觉、感觉场所,是城市综合实力直接体现,反映城市当时的政治、经济、文化总体水平以及城市的特色。针对包头市钢铁大街道路景观的现状,从景观设计与城市生态环境的视角,分析道路景观的要素,探讨钢铁大街道路景观规划设计的特点,找出设计的不足之处。在此基础上,提出从物质建设及文化建设两方面改进的措施,以期为市民提供更人性化和生态化的公共交通服务环境。     

基于雨水收集利用的高校景观设计研究——以西北大学长安校区为例

可持续发展已成为社会的共识,未来校园也必定会朝着"低碳、节能、人性化"的方向发展。文章通过分析雨水收集利用的景观设计理论,探讨高校校园景观设计过程中雨水资源收集利用的方式与途径,以西北大学作为雨水收集利用与高校景观结合的实践场地,提出合理的校园教学区景观改造建议,探索雨水资源收集利用在高校校园规划中的景观化途径,总结适用于校园景观设计的雨水利用系统,为今后的校园景观设计提供良好的思路。     

苏州高新区废弃宕口的景观设计

根据苏州市高新区对科技城的总体定位,以及对区内废弃宕口整治的初步设想,提出废弃宕口景观设计应以生态恢复和可持续发展为主题。通过对项目的实地勘察,经过分析提出相应的开发对策及生态设计理念,依据宕口规划、植物配置的原则,对总体布局进行功能分区,使其符合所在地域社会经济可持续发展的需要,彻底改善生态环境[1]。整个设计保留了部分宕口实景,通过改造,使原来裸露的废弃宕口变成了风景秀丽的观光带,带来了一定的景观及人文效应。     

基于岩溶洞穴旅游活动中洞穴环境因子的研究

随着人们生活水平的不断提高,岩溶洞穴旅游活动日益频繁,使得对洞穴环境的综合研究以及洞穴旅游管理变得尤为重要。通过调研国内外岩溶洞穴旅游管理的现状,结合岩溶洞穴环境的研究成果,综合分析岩溶洞穴环境因子,如温度、相对湿度、洞穴CO2浓度等,对岩溶景观的影响,探讨溶洞环境的自净能力以及景观保护与修复措施等问题;针对目前岩溶洞穴旅游开发的有限空间与无序客流的矛盾,提出了合理调控洞穴旅游客流量,增强洞穴旅游景观资源保护意识,从地学、旅游、环境以及健康等角度评估和开发洞穴,使旅游活动对环境因子的影响限制在可控范围,实现洞穴旅游的可持续发展。      

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.