Meso-Cenozo ic basin evolution in northern Korean Peninsula

In the Korean Peninsula the Meso-Cenozoic basins were mainly formed due to fault block and block movement. The Mesozoic fracture structures correspond basically to modern large rivers in direction. Such faults were usually developed to rift and formed lake-type tectonic basin, such as the Amrokgang-, Taedonggang-, Ryesonggang-, Hochongang-, Jangphari-, Susongchon-, Pujon-, and Nampho basins. The Mesozoic strata are considered to be divided into the Lower Jurassic Taedong System, Upper Jurassic Jasong System, Upper Jurassic－early Lower Cretaceous Taebo System, and the Upper Cretaceous－Paleocene (Chonjaebong, Hongwon, Jaedok Series) . The Cenozoic block movement succeeded the Mesozoic fault block movement. The Kilju-Myonchon Graben and Tumangang Basin, etc, are the basins related to the fault zones developed from the Oligocene to Miocene. In addition, the Tertiary basins were formed in many areas in the Miocene ( e. g. Sinhung, Oro, Hamhung, Yonghung, Anbyon, Cholwon, etc) . The Cenozoic sedimentation occurred mainly from the late Oligocene to Miocene. The Kilju-Myongchon Graben was the fore deep connected to the sea and the basins inclined in the Chugaryong Fault Zone are intramountain basins. Therefore, coal-bearing beds and clastic rocks in the intramountain basins and rare marine strata and terrigenous clastic rocks are main sedimentary sequences in the Cenozoic.     

蒙阴盆地的成生与演化

蒙阴盆地是在库拉板块向亚洲大陆下俯冲，中国东部隆升伸展板块裂解阶段发育起来的。在中生代，盆地的成生演化经历了侏罗纪拗陷盆地发育阶段和早白垩世拗陷—裂陷阶段。在相应沉积演化过程中，形成侏罗纪湖相红色碎屑岩建造，早白垩世早期滨浅湖—半深湖相灰绿色细粒陆屑岩沉积，早白垩世中期河湖相凝灰质复陆屑岩类夹火山碎屑岩类沉积，早白垩世晚期中基性火山熔岩、火山碎屑岩组合。沉积中心在侏罗纪和早白墨世早期皆偏于西北部，此后，向东南部迁移。晚白垩世，盆地处于风化剥蚀阶段。古近纪，受新生太平洋板块向亚洲大陆下俯冲影响，盆地又处于拗陷—裂陷阶段，相应形成山间河湖相—山麓堆积相类磨拉石建造。古近纪末期，该盆地整体隆起处于长期风化剥蚀状态。     

Sedimentological features and biostratigraphy of Jurassic/Cretaceous deposits in continental basins in Priamurie, Far East Russia

The paper describes the sedimentary features and biostratigraphy of the transitional Jurassic to Cretaceous deposits in the continental basins of Priamurie formed after the collision between the Siberian and North China blocks. In Upper Priamurie, the collision occurred in the late Early Jurassic as dated by the emplacement of the post-collisional granites (191Ma) . While in Lower Priamurie and West Priokhotie it could take place in the late Middle Jurassic on the basis of fossil evidence from an accretionary turbidite complex. This event reflected the environmental change from coastal-marine to alluvial plains, often boggy, where coals accumulated. The environmental change is in harmony with that of biota. Systematic study of floral and spores/pollen assemblages, particularly in the sections of interbedded marine and non-marine deposits, makes clear the chronostratigraphic succession of floral associations and shows the possibility of their application for subdivision and correlation of the continental deposits of Priamurie. The coastal-marine environment of the residual post-collisional sublatitudinal basins in the western part of Priamurie (Upper Amur and Dep basins) was replaced by the continental in the late Middle Jurassic and in the eastern part in the Berriasian-Valanginian ( Torom Basin) . Similar environmental change commenced in the submeridional rift basins: the Bureya Basin in the Callovian and the Partizansk Basin in the Hauterivian. Changes in ecosystems occurred frequently during theMiddle Jurassic-Neocomian, but the most substantial changes took place in the late Middle Jurassic and in the end of Late Jurassic.     

义县组时代及解体

辽西中生界义县组时代归属问题 ,争论已久 ,归纳起来主要有三种划分方案 :第一 ,隶属于侏罗纪 ;第二 ,隶属于白垩纪 ;第三 ,归属于为侏罗 -白垩纪 ,属跨纪地层。结合多年来各科研院所及生产单位采集的众多同位素年龄资料的分析及野外所见接触关系研究认为 :原义县组中下部层位岩性组合 ,根据其特征 ,需另建立组级岩石单位 ,应归属到上侏罗统 ,广义义县组上部层位一套岩性组合 ,需重新定义 ,时代应归属到下白垩统。     

辽西中生代含鸟层及上下层位的划分和时代

辽宁西部中生代地层发育,在国内外同期地层研究中占有重要地位。辽西中生代鸟化石的发现,具有重要的科学价值。含鸟层位包括上侏罗统义县组含鸟层和下白垩统九佛堂组含鸟层。现共鉴定出鸟类化石１１个属１４个种,其中义县组鸟化石４个属６个种,地位最为重要。鉴于此,将义县组下部的沉积层划分出来,并建立了四合屯组,该组对寻找鸟类的祖先具有重要的意义。原土城子组一段具有组级岩石地层单位意义称为蒙古营子组。     

Androecium of Archaefructus, the Late Jurassic Angiosperms from Western Liaoning, China

Androecium of the earliest known flowering plant Archaefructus liaoningensis was found from the Upper Jurassic Jianshangou Formation of western Liaoning, China. The androecium consists of numerous stamens bearing in pair on the reproductive axes below conduplicate carpels. The stamens are composed of a short filament and basifixed anther for each. Monosulcate pollen in situ are found from the anthers. The characters of the androecium reveals that Archaefructus are probably protandrous, and the paired stamens and monosulcate pollen appear to indicate that Archaefructus, as primitive angiosperms,might be derived from extinct seed -ferns during the Older Mesozoic. Archaefructus is considered Late Jurassic in age.     

Androecium of Archaefructus , the Late Jurassic Angiosperms from Western Liaoning, China

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＡｒｃｈａｅｆｒｕｃｔｕｓ ,ｔｈｅｏｌｄｅｓｔｋｎｏｗｎａｎｇｉｏｓｐｅｒｍｓ ,ｗｅｒｅｆｏｕｎｄｆｒｏｍｔｈｅＵｐｐｅｒＪｕｒａｓｓｉｃＪｉａｎｓｈａｎｇｏｕＦｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ (ｉ.ｅ .ｔｈｅｆｏｒｍｅｒｌｏｗｅｒｐａｒｔｏｆＹｉ     

Androecium of Archaefructus,the Late Jurassic Angioperms from Western Liaoning,China

Androecium of the earliest known flowering plant Archaefructus liaoningensis was found from the Upper Jurassic Jianshangou Formation of western Liaoning, China. The androecium consists of numerous stamens bearing in pair on the re-productive axes below conduplicate carpels. The stamens are composed of a short filament and basifixed anther for each. Mo-nosulcate pollen in situ are found from the anthers. The characters of the androecium reveals that Archaefructus are probably protandrous, and the paired stamens and monosulcate pollen appear to indicate that Archaefructus, as primitive angiosperms, might be derived from extinct seed-ferns during the Older Mesozoic. Archaefructus is considered Late Jurassic in age.     

胶东金矿成矿构造背景探讨

在编制1∶50万山东省大地构造相图基础上,通过对大地构造相研究显示:胶东微地块是经多期增生和碰撞而形成的,其漫长的板块构造演化明显具有阶段性。侏罗纪是该区板块构造演化史上的一个重要转换期,构造演化由原来的南、北分异转变为东、西分异,胶东地区NE向新生构造起了主要作用。胶东地区中生代有2次重要的碰撞造山事件,印支造山作用主要表现为扬子板块向华北板块俯冲,形成苏鲁高压-超高压变质带及同造山花岗岩及后造山高碱正长岩;燕山造山作用的大陆动力学环境起源于中亚-特提斯构造域向滨太平洋构造域转化和太平洋板块的俯冲,在胶东地区表现为3次造山和3次伸展。晚侏罗世造山早期玲珑片麻状花岗岩组合是区域构造挤压导致地壳增厚引起地壳重熔的产物,代表了大陆弧花岗岩特征;早白垩世造山中期郭家岭花岗闪长岩-花岗岩组合代表了造山期大陆弧花岗岩的特点;造山晚期伟德山闪长岩-花岗闪长岩-花岗岩组合表现为大陆弧花岗岩,后造山A型崂山晶洞过碱性碱长花岗岩-正长花岗岩组合为大陆造陆隆升花岗岩与后造山花岗岩,代表燕山构造的结束。胶东地区构造-岩浆事件和金矿成矿作用受控于特提斯、古亚洲洋和太平洋三大构造域的相互作用,金矿形成的动力学背景是中生代构造体制转折和岩石圈减薄,起因与太平洋板块向华北板块的俯冲机制有关。     

额尔古纳地区中生代火山岩形成环境的研究

额尔古纳地区中生代火山活动强烈，其主要的活动期间为晚侏罗世至早白垩世（１５０～１００Ｍａ）。根据新的岩石化学、稀土、微量元素、稳定同位素、构造等方面的分析结果得出以下认识：１．该区中生代火山岩来源较深，具幔源特征，岩浆形成在总体呈挤压背景的环境中，使得岩浆在演化过程中混入了大量的壳源物质；２．中生代火山岩大致分两个亚旋回，其中塔木兰沟组（Ｊ３ｔ）火山岩和上库力组（Ｋ１ｓ）火山岩是同一岩浆亚旋回的产物。     

浙东南楠溪江中下游地区火山岩地质特征及演化规律

楠溪江中下游地区发育大面积中生代火山-沉积岩系。可分为晚株罗世和早白垩世两个时代的不同火山岩系,其岩石化学、地球化学、同位素等均具不同的演化规律和模式,岩浆来源也有区别。粗安质或粗面质火山岩的发育可能是浙东南沿海白垩纪火山岩的一个特色。     

Mesozoic Deformation and Its Geological Significance in the Southern Margin of the South China Sea

The pre-Eocene history of the region around the present South China Sea is not well known. New multi-channel seismic profiles provide valuable insights into the probable Mesozoic history of this region. Detailed structural and stratigraphic interpretations of the multi-channel seismic profiles, calibrated with relevant drilling and dredging data, show major Mesozoic structural features. A structural restoration was done to remove the Cenozoic tectonic influence and calculate the Mesozoic tectonic compression ratios. The results indicate that two groups of compressive stress with diametrically opposite orientations, S(S)E– N(N)W and N(N)W–S(S)E, were active during the Mesozoic. The compression ratio values gradually decrease from north to south and from west to east in each stress orientation. The phenomena may be related to the opening of the proto-South China Sea(then located in south of the Nansha block) and the rate at which the Nansha block drifted northward in the late Jurassic to late Cretaceous. The Nansha block drifted northward until it collided and sutured with the southern China margin. The opening of the present South China Sea may be related to this suture zone, which was a tectonic zone of weakness.     

Cretaceous Environments of Afghanistan:A Synthesis Based on Selected Sections

The Cretaceous of Afghanistan is marked by great facies diversity. The evolution of Cretaceous basins is part of a complex accretionary history involving three distinct tectonic units namely the Asian (Russian) Block separated from the Indian plate by a rather well defined transcurrent fault (Chaman-Nuski). The southwestern component is representedby the Iran-Afghanistan plate. The Lower Cretaceous of the Asian Block is represented by the Red-Grit Series which isconformable to the underlying Upper Jurassic sequences. The transition is marked by evaporitic facies dominated by salt,gypsum and marl deposits. In south Afghanistan volcanic rocks occur at Farah, with the emplacement of plutonics inwest-central Afghanistan. The Upper Cretaceous of north Afghanistan is marked by richly fossiliferous, lime stone-dominated sequences. The Upper Cretaceous of southern Afghanistan is marked by strong ophiolitic magrmatism.     

彰武盆地地质发展及构造聚煤控煤研究

从侏罗纪到新生代彰武盆地构造发展可分为８个阶段。早新华夏系属成盆期构造体系，控制了以八道壕煤系为代表的晚侏罗世九佛堂组的聚煤作用；北西构造系同沉积构造控制了彰武盆地早白垩世小型断陷盆地的聚煤作用；中新华夏系等成盆后构造通过后期形变控制了盆地内现今煤层的分布。     

Formation and evolution of petroliferous basins in African continent and their hydrocarbon distribution

There are eighty sedimentary basins in five different types in African continent, i. e. craton sag basin, foreland basin, intermountain basin, passive margin basin and rift basin, which underwent the stress environment of stable depression-compression-extension. The first three types of basins had been intensely influenced by Hercynian and Alpine tectonic movement, while the later two types of basins always exist in a stable extension environment. Different basin evolution caused the obviously hydrocarbon distribution difference. In North Africa, marginal craton sag and rift basins show great expedition potential of hydrocarbon, marginal craton sag basins had good formation and preservation of Lower Silurian hot shale, tectonic-strata traps and migration pathway formed by Hercynian unconformity, and rift basins had excellent Upper Cretaceous marine source rocks and good hydrocarbon preservation with little tectonic activity. Meanwhile, in the salt-containing passive margin basins and delta basins of West Africa, thick strata containing high quality source rocks and plastic strata were well developed. Source rocks of high maturity, good hydrocarbon preservation, growth faults and deformational structure traps were formed by abundant overlying sediments and sources supplied from Tertiary large water system.     

临清拗陷东部构造样式及其形成演化

临清拗陷东部自中生代以来构造体制多次转变,盆地演化及构造特征复杂,发育多种类型的构造样式.以盆地分析理论为指导,通过对全区的地震资料的精细解释,总结研究区的构造样式类型,并对其成因进行分析,探讨构造演化上古生界煤成气成藏的控制作用.结果表明:临清拗陷东部构造样式可分为挤压、伸展和反转3种,其中,挤压构造样式以叠瓦逆冲为主,伸展构造样式分为掀斜断块、滑动断阶和重力背形3种,反转构造样式分为正反转和负反转2种.研究区在地质历史上构造活动剧烈,经历印支运动和燕山晚期运动的强烈挤压、燕山早期运动的弱挤压作用以及燕山中期和喜山早期的强烈拉张,不同类型的构造样式由不同的构造运动所形成;上古生界煤成气成藏主要受构造演化所控制,主要发育4种油气藏类型.该研究将对研究区上古生界煤成气勘探提供指导作用.     

济阳拗陷滨海地区中生界油气研究与评价

济阳拗陷滨海地区位于渤海之滨，发育有下一中侏罗统坊子组、上侏罗统分水岭组、下白垩统青山组、上白垩统王氏组等四套中生代地层，其在地震剖面上都有良好的界面反射。本区中生界油气资源丰富，存在着三套含油层系和三大油气藏类型（潜山油气藏、断块油气藏、地层一—性油气藏），可划分为六个重要含油远景区。     

塔里木盆地东北部侏罗系烃源岩特征及初步评价

塔里木盆地是中国最大的含油气盆地,其东北部的侏罗系分布面积广、厚度大,主要发育一套煤系烃源岩.根据钻井及大量的实验测试等资料,研究了侏罗系煤系烃源岩的发育特征及其有机地球化学、有机岩石学特征,表明其有机质丰度较高,达到中等-好级别;有机质类型以Ⅲ型为主、Ⅱ型为辅;有机质热演化程度处于未成熟-低成熟阶段,部分地区可能达成熟阶段;烃源岩主要生烃显微组分为基质镜质体,少量孢子体、角质体和碎屑壳质体.综合分析表明,塔里木盆地侏罗系烃源岩具备一定的生烃条件和油气勘探前景.     

缅甸含油气盆地群形成演化及其地球动力学背景

基于不同构造单元地质记录的分析，结合板块重建及地球动力学背景，对缅甸含油气盆地群的形成演化及其地球动力学背景进行了探讨。研究表明:缅甸含油气盆地群的基底是晚基梅里期变质杂岩；晚白垩世至始新世，新特提斯洋壳向西缅地块之下NNE向斜向俯冲，在西缅地块西缘发育增生楔，而在西缅地块内形成了火山弧、弧前裂陷盆地和弧后裂陷盆地；渐新世以来，新特提斯关闭，随后印度地块与西缅地块北段陆陆碰撞，西缅地块北部的盆地演化为弧后前陆盆地；印度洋壳向西缅地块中段和南段之下NEE向俯冲，西缅地块西缘先期增生楔逐步隆升为印缅山脉，印缅山脉东侧的西缅地块中南部盆地均演化为弧后挤压盆地，印缅山脉西侧的若开盆地成为弧前盆地。      

地壳深部结构探测启示与山东中生代金成矿的主要科学问题讨论

在山东省域内广泛分布有中生代形成的金矿床。涵盖胶北地块、胶南威海造山带的胶东金矿区以成矿作用强烈、赋存资源量巨大成为中国东部金成矿的典型代表,为成矿机理、成矿过程和研究对比提供了重要场所。在对胶东地区地壳深部结构探测认识进展的基础上,总结山东省中生代金成矿的时空规律,本文提出胶北地块、鲁西地块以及胶南威海造山带内中生代形成的与岩浆活动相关的内生金矿床虽具有不同成矿模式,但在成矿过程中,具有相似的成矿动力机制。通过不同构造单元内成矿模式的对比,结合已有的成矿理论和胶北地块地壳结构特征,提出在华北克拉通破坏过程中,存在以岩石圈破裂为特征的金成矿作用。成矿作用以构造体系、岩浆体系和成矿流体等要素耦合为基础,构成了各具特色的成矿系统。在阐述上述认识的基础上,本文初步梳理了进一步研究中,需要厘清和解决的部分科学问题。