惠安堡-马家滩地区二叠系煤系烃源岩

综合运用有机岩石学、岩石热解分析及有机地球化学等方法,以井下暗色泥岩的分析资料为主,结合地表剖面暗色泥岩样品分析数据,研究和分析了鄂尔多斯西缘惠安堡—马家滩地区二叠系煤系烃源岩的有机质生烃特征、煤系烃源岩的沉积环境。研究表明:太原组、山西组煤系暗色泥岩为二叠系主要的烃源岩层系;有机质类型以Ⅲ型为主。二叠系煤系烃源岩已不同程度进入成熟—高成熟—过成熟阶段。     

珠江口盆地河流—三角洲体系煤系烃源岩发育特征及有利相带

根据地震、钻井、测井和地球化学等资料,采用沉积学与地球化学结合的方法,研究珠江口盆地恩平组河流—三角洲体系煤系烃源岩。结果表明:研究区河流—三角洲体系煤系烃源岩包括煤、碳质泥岩和煤系泥岩3种类型,典型发育特征为煤层单层厚度薄、层数多、横向变化大,呈薄层状分布在河道、分流河道的厚砂体之间。该体系煤系烃源岩有机质丰度较高,生烃能力较强;有机质主要类型为Ⅱ_2型,多来自陆生高等植物,孢子和花粉含量很高,藻类含量非常低,烃源岩有机组成中煤质、木质、壳质含量高,无定形有机质含量很低。该体系煤系烃源岩非均质性强,受沉积相带控制,河流的河漫沼泽、三角洲平原沼泽高等植物大量发育且有利于有机质保存,是河流—三角洲体系煤系烃源岩发育的有利相带。河道、分流河道的迁移改道、决口和沼泽逐渐淤积填平是导致珠江口盆地恩平组河流—三角洲体系发育薄煤层的重要原因。该结论对于认识河流—三角洲体系煤系烃源岩的发育特征,以及在源控论的指导下寻找油气具有指导意义。     

济阳坳陷青东凹陷古近系沙河街组烃源岩地球化学特征及生烃潜力综合评价

采用有机地球化学方法和盆地模拟技术,结合济阳坳陷青东凹陷古近系沙河街组构造、沉积等方面的研究成果,分析研究区古近系烃源岩的生烃潜力、演化特征等。结果表明:研究区主要存在沙三下亚段和沙四上亚段两套烃源岩,烃源岩具有"北厚南薄"的发育特征,在凹陷中—北部深洼带最为发育,往南厚度变小;烃源岩有机质丰度较高,有机质类型较好(Ⅰ—Ⅱ1),具有良好的生烃物质基础;烃源岩处于低熟—成熟阶段,成熟烃源岩的分布范围有限,主要局限于北部洼陷和中部洼陷的深洼区,但研究区沙四段烃源岩具有形成低熟油的基本条件,为研究区油气聚集创造一定的物质基础。     

渤海湾盆地渤中凹陷古近系烃源岩生物标志物特征及其地质意义

渤中凹陷位于渤海湾盆地中东部, 主要发育沙三、沙一和东三段烃源岩层, 具有良好的油气勘探前景, 前期对渤中凹陷有机地球化学特征的研究主要基于岩屑样品, 对岩心样品生物标志物特征的研究比较薄弱。本次研究综合利用岩心和岩屑样品, 通过有机碳、岩石热解、氯仿沥青"A"、族组分饱和烃色谱-质谱等有机地球化学分析测试, 重点对渤中凹陷古近系东营组三段和沙河街组一段、三段烃源岩的有机质丰度、类型、成熟度及母质来源与沉积环境进行研究, 明确了渤中凹陷三套泥页岩的地球化学特征及发育控制因素, 并建立了区分3套烃源岩的典型生物标志化合物组合特征, 以期望为进一步厘清该区域优质烃源岩发育模式及时空分布提供一定的理论依据, 进而有利于该区油气的勘探。研究结果表明: 3套烃源岩的生烃潜力具有显著差异, 沙三段>沙一段>东三段。沙三段烃源岩有机质丰度最高, 为好-极好烃源岩, 有机质类型为Ⅰ-Ⅱ₁型, 处于成熟阶段; 沙一段次之, 为中等-好烃源岩, 有机质类型为Ⅱ₁-Ⅱ₂型, 整体处于成熟阶段; 东三段稍差, 为中等烃源岩, 有机质类型以Ⅱ₁-Ⅱ₂型为主, 处于低熟-成熟阶段。岩心样品的生物标志化合物中姥植比(Pr/Ph)、伽马蜡烷指数(Ga/C₃₀H)、C₂₇-C₂₈-C₂₉规则甾烷含量、4-甲基甾烷指数(4-MS/C₂₉甾烷)等参数表明母质输入和沉积环境是控制3套湖相烃源岩差异的主控因素, 淡水藻源输入和良好的保存条件是沙三段优质烃源岩发育的关键, 低等水生生物输入和强还原的保存条件是沙一段优质烃源岩发育的关键, 混源输入和良好的保存条件是东三段优质烃源岩发育的关键。      

甘蒙地区北山盆地群中口子盆地侏罗系烃源岩特征及评价

北山盆地群侏罗系是我国西北地区潜在的油气勘探新领域,为深化其石油地质认识,进一步明确资源潜 力,优选北山盆地群中勘探程度相对较高的中口子盆地侏罗系为研究对象,以有机质丰度、类型及成熟度等有机 地球化学分析数据为基础,分析了侏罗系烃源岩基础特征,并基于生物标志化合物资料,探讨了该区侏罗系烃源 岩的有机质来源及沉积环境.结果表明,中口子盆地侏罗系烃源岩有机质丰度较高,生烃潜力较好,主要为中等 －好烃源岩,干酪根类型以Ⅱ２ 型为主,生烃母质主要是?源高等植物,主要形成于氧气量适中的弱氧化－弱还原 古环境,靠近或λ于凹陷中心的烃源岩形成环境还原性稍强,较有利于有机质保存.区内黑帐房凹陷烃源岩已经 成熟,而南泉凹陷烃源岩主要为低熟.因此建议黑帐房凹陷中心或者临近中心区域,寻找保存条件好的油藏是取 得下步油气勘探突破的重点.这些认识可供西北地区侏罗系沉积古环境和资源潜力研究时对比参考.      

东海盆地丽水凹陷有效烃源岩判定及分布预测

丽水凹陷作为东海陆架盆地具有较大勘探潜力的凹陷，其勘探程度较低，近年来钻探成果较小，因此亟需对烃源岩进行综合评价。通过烃源岩岩石热解实验，饱和烃气相色谱及饱和烃色质分析，对丽水凹陷烃源岩进行综合评价。结果表明，丽水凹陷烃源岩有机质类型以Ⅲ型为主，存在少量的Ⅱ₁及Ⅱ₂型。月桂峰组烃源岩处于成熟到过成熟阶段，灵峰组烃源岩处于成熟阶段，多数明月峰组烃源岩成熟度较低。根据烃源岩热解参数S₁及有机碳含量（TOC）的关系确定月桂峰组有效烃源岩w（TOC）下限为0.7%，灵峰组有效烃源岩w（TOC）下限为1.0%，明月峰组有效烃源岩w（TOC）下限为0.9%。生标参数显示丽水凹陷烃源岩有机质具有混合来源特征，沉积于海陆过渡环境中。有效烃源岩平面分布预测显示，丽水凹陷有效烃源岩的分布较为局限，丽水凹陷西次凹的东北部为有效烃源岩的集中分布区。月桂峰组及灵峰组烃源岩具有较大的产气潜力，应加大丽水凹陷西次凹东北部的气藏勘探力度。      

东海盆地西湖凹陷平湖组煤系烃源岩条件及成烃模式

西湖凹陷是中国近海最重要的煤成油气凹陷。近年来，油气勘探证实平湖组煤系烃源岩为西湖凹陷提供了丰富的油气资源。与陆上其他中生代煤成油气盆地不同，近海新生代海陆过渡相平湖组煤系烃源岩在母质来源、生烃条件和演化特征上都有其独特性。研究表明，平湖组煤和炭质泥岩具有富含树脂体、高I_H指数、Ⅱ₁-Ⅱ₂型干酪根、广覆式分布特点；煤系烃源岩富含三环二萜异海松烷、四环二萜β-扁植烷和五环三萜奥利烷，指示了针叶类裸子植物、蕨类植物和被子植物多植被母质来源；有机质组成差异、"内热外冷"地温和差异的沉积沉降速率造成了煤和泥岩在不同构造带成烃演化具有明显不同。这种差异决定了煤成油气资源具有"油气并举、东气西油"的分布格局，烃源岩成烃演化表现为"早期有利生油，晚期持续生气"模式。      

下刚果盆地海相烃源岩地球化学特征、成因及其发育的控制因素

下刚果盆地深水区的油气显示出了海相原油的特征,盐上海相烃源岩开始受到关注。通过对下刚果盆地海相烃源岩地球化学资料分析,综合评价了盐上4套海相烃源岩的地球化学特征和生烃潜力,研究了其成因并划分了成因类型,同时探讨了不同成因类型烃源岩发育的主控因素。结果表明:下刚果盆地盐岩层之上发育海相烃源岩,有机质丰度中等—好,干酪根类型为Ⅱ、Ⅲ型,成因上以海相内源型和海相混合生源型为主;盆地海相烃源岩整体在3 500m左右深度进入生油窗,成熟的海相烃源岩是下刚果盆地深水区油气的重要来源之一;由于上升洋流、缺氧环境(大洋缺氧事件)和古河流的作用,以及海洋、河流两种地质营力此消彼长的关系,自晚白垩世至中新世,盆地沉积环境从海湾变迁到受河流作用逐渐加强的开阔海洋,有机质来源从以海洋有机质为主过渡到河流携带来的陆源有机质比例加重,直到以陆源有机质为主;海-陆二元有机质输入量的相对变化和海洋沉积环境的变迁从根本上决定了海相烃源岩的特征。     

渤海海域渤东凹陷烃源岩特征与勘探潜力

近年来渤东凹陷内油气勘探因一直未取得重大突破而陷入低谷,主力烃源岩不明确是制约该区油气勘探的核心问题。结合地震、钻井、测井和分析化验等资料,对渤东地区烃源岩地球化学指标、分布特征及成因环境进行了分析,借助盆地模拟和油源对比结果,明确了渤东凹陷的主力烃源岩层系和勘探潜力。渤东凹陷发育东三段、沙一段、沙三段和沙四段4套烃源岩,其中,沙三段烃源岩有机质类型好、丰度高,为很好的烃源岩,其生烃量占凹陷总生烃量的61%,是渤东凹陷的主力烃源岩。地质分析表明,PL9-1油田的油气主要来自渤东凹陷,预示渤东凹陷具备较大的勘探潜力。油源对比结果表明,PL9-1油田75%的原油来自于沙三段烃源岩,渤东凹陷及周缘地区今后的勘探应以寻找沙三段烃源岩生成的油气为主。      

塔里木盆地奥陶系烃源岩二次生烃研究

为研究海相烃源岩二次生烃规律和塔里木盆地生排烃规律,以塔里木盆地奥陶系烃源岩为研究对象,首先通过构造-热演化史和生烃史研究得出,塔里木盆地典型构造单元奥陶系烃源岩具有二次生烃的特征,并且起始成熟度和生烃期次不同.然后选取自然条件下演化至不同起始成熟度的奥陶系海相烃源岩,采用热压模拟实验方法系统研究其二次生烃规律.研究表...     

A study on accumulation and distribution of gas in southern Songliao Basin

A number of isolated fault sags in Late Jurassic--Early Cretaceous were developed in the early stage of southern Songliao Basin,and unified to a depression basin in the late stage.Therefore,multiple isolated lower petroliferous systems were formed with fault sags as source rocks.The source rocks of fault sags in Late Jurassic--Early Cretaceous were mainly described with gas generation as favorable source rocks,leading to the southern Songliao Basin rich in natural gas resources combined with organic gas resources in Nenjiang Formation.A number of tectonic movements in southern Songliao Basin led to the formation of abundant structural traps and complex fault systems,and controlled the distribution strata and positions of sources rocks in Late Jurassic--Early Cretaceous fault sags.The oil-gas reservoirs can be divided into two types,i.e.,primary and secondary ones.The primary oil-gas reservoirs were distributed in the fault sag strata and the bottom of overlying depression strata(lower Quan-1 Member).The oil-gas reservoir accumulation depended on the trap development situation and the distance from source rocks.The preservation conditions of oil-gas reservoirs depended on the degree of reconstruction in the late tectonism.The secondary oil-gas reservoirs were distribution in the Quantou Formation of depression strata,where oil and gas reservoir accumulation depended on three conditions,i.e.,trap development situation,deep gas sources and the fault to connect the shallow traps and deep gas sources.The southern Songliao Basin is rich in lower coal type gas,upper oil-gas and biogas resources,which are important resources in the future.     

东非裂谷Albertine盆地上中新统—下上新统烃源岩地球化学特征与沉积环境

Albertine盆地是东非裂谷系重要的裂谷盆地, 油气资源丰富, 上中新统-下上新统烃源岩是盆地重要的生烃岩系, 目前研究相对薄弱。综合利用地质学、岩石热解、元素地球化学等资料, 对Albertine盆地上中新统和下上新统的烃源岩进行了评价, 并分析了晚中新世-早上新世时期的古环境特征。研究表明, 两套烃源岩处于成熟阶段, 但有机质丰度和类型存在差异, 下上新统烃源岩有机质丰度更高, 属于中等-好烃源岩, 干酪根类型主要是Ⅱ₁~Ⅱ₂型; 上中新统烃源岩有机质丰度略低, 属于差烃源岩, 干酪根主要是Ⅱ₂~Ⅲ型。沉积环境是造成烃源岩差异的重要原因。晚中新世-早上新世时期, 研究区属于还原性较强的淡水湖盆, 水体逐渐加深, 气候越来越温暖, 细菌及微生物繁盛, 有机质类型变好, 同时, 湖泊生产力提高, 沉积速率有所加快, 有机质能够更有效地保存, 烃源岩的有机质丰度更高。研究结果对于Albertine盆地的油气勘探与开发具有重要的理论意义和实际意义。      

从He同位素组成探讨塔里木盆地与东部诸含油气盆地天然气的成气机制

通过天然气中He同位素组成来研究天然气的成气机制。用VG-5400静态真空质谱计测定了采自塔里木盆地古生代和中生代地层中天然气的He同位素,其He/4He=2.58×10-8～8.33×10-8,R/Ra=0.019～0.059Ra,平3均值为0.031Ra,而我国东部几个主要含油气盆地天然气的R/Ra平均比值则变化于1.21～2.30Ra。He同位素组成对比研究表明,东部含油气盆地成烃作用是在幔源热流驱动下热水流体与烃源岩水岩反应形成的,而塔里木盆地成烃热源则主要是盆地地热增温热水流体与烃源岩水岩反应形成的。     

New insights into marine hydrocarbon geological conditions in the South Yellow Sea Basin: evidence from borehole CSDP-2

The South Yellow Sea Basin(SYSB) has multiple sets of proven source rocks and good hydrocarbon prospects,but no industrial oil and gas has been explored at present.To solve this puzzle for petroleum geologists,we systematically investigated the marine hydrocarbon geological conditions based on cores and testing data from borehole CSDP-2,the first exploration well with continuous coring in SYSB.The qualities of source rocks are evaluated in detail according to organic matter abundance,type,and maturity.The reservoir characterization mainly includes porosity,permeability,and reservoir space.Displacement pressure test and stratum thickness are the main foundations for defining the caprocks.Then,the oil-source rock correlation in the Permian and stratum model are analyzed to determine the favorable source-reservoir-caprock assemblages.The results show that three sets of effective source rocks(the Lower Triassic,Upper Permian,and Lower Permian),two sets of tight sandstone re servoirs(the Upper Permian and Lower Silurian-Upper Devonian),and two sets of caprocks(the Lower Triassic and Carboniferous) combine to constitute the hydrocarbon reservoir-forming as se mblages of "lower-ge neration and upper-accumlation" and "self-generation and self-accumlation",thus laying a solid foundation for promising petroleum prospects.The three sets of marine source rocks are characterized by successive generation and expulsion stages,which guarantees multistage hydrocarbon accumulation.Another three sets of continental source rocks distributed across the Middle Jurassic,Upper Cretaceous,and Paleogene depression areas,especially in the Northern Depression,may supplement some hydrocarbons for the Central Uplift through faults and the Indosinian unconformity.The favorable Permian exploration strata have been identified in the Central Uplift of SYSB.First,the Lower Permian and Upper Permian source rocks with high organic matter abundance and high thermal maturity supply sufficient hydrocarbons.Secondly,the interbedding relationship between the source rocks and sandstones in the Upper Permian strata ensures that hydrocarbons have been migrated into the nearby Upper Permian sandstones,reflecting near-source hydrocarbon accumulation.Finally,the good sealing property of the Lower Triassic Qinglong Formation caprocks plays an indispensable role in hydrocarbon preservation of the Permian reservoirs.This conclusion is supported by direct oil shows,gas logging anomalous layers,and hydrocarbon-bearing fluid inclusions.     

柴达木盆地侏罗系油气成藏模式与油气聚集规律

针对柴达木盆地侏罗系油气勘探目标选择的难点,从烃源岩与圈闭时空配置的角度,建立侏罗系油气早期聚集早期成藏、早期聚集晚期成藏、晚期聚集晚期成藏3种模式。盆地油气来源、充注时期、油藏调整及破坏等方面存在规律性,这决定了油气分布的有序性,呈现出“断褶区聚气,山前、潜伏区聚油,凸起顶、凸起斜坡区油气并存”的基本格局和油气富集程度依次变好的序列。据此预测油气富集范围,从中优选冷湖4号东斜坡、乌南—巴依凸起斜坡、怀头他拉—德北斜坡、潜伏Ⅰ号等新靶区。     

Petroleum geological framework and hydrocarbon potential in the Yellow Sea

Sedimentary basins in the Yellow Sea can be grouped tectonically into the North Yellow Sea Basin (NYSB), the northern basin of the South Yellow Sea (SYSNB) and the southern basin of the South Yellow Sea (SYSSB). The NYSB is connected to Anju Basin to the east. The SYSSB extends to Subei Basin to the west. The acoustic basement of basins in the North Yellow Sea and South Yellow Sea is disparate, having different stratigraphic evolution and oil accumulation features, even though they have been under the same stress regime since the Late Triassic. The acoustic basement of the NYSB features China-Korea Platform crystalline rocks, whereas those in the SYSNB and SYSSB are of the Paleozoic Yangtze Platform sedimentary layers or metamorphic rocks. Since the Late Mesozoic terrestrial strata in the eastern of the NYSB (West Korea Bay Basin) were discovered having industrial hydrocarbon accumulation, the oil potential in the Mesozoic strata in the west depression of the basin could be promising, although the petroleum exploration in the South Yellow Sea has made no break-through yet. New deep reflection data and several drilling wells have indicated the source rock of the Mesozoic in the basins of South Yellow Sea, and the Paleozoic platform marine facies in the SYSSB and Central Rise could be the other hosts of oil or natural gas. The Mesozoic hydrocarbon could be found in the Mesozoic of the foredeep basin in the SYSNB that bears potential hydrocarbon in thick Cretaceous strata, and so does the SYSSB where the same petroleum system exists to that of oil-bearing Subei Basin.     

张强凹陷长北背斜生油岩有机地球化学特征

张强凹陷长北背斜侏罗系上统有沙海组和九佛堂组两套生油合系，其有机质丰度属中等，沙海组生油岩多为腐泥腐殖型．地球化学分析表明，沙海组下段的生油岩处于低熟—成熟阶段，该地区各层原油主要来源于侏罗系上统沙海组下段生油岩．