利用GOCE卫星观测数据反演地球重力场模型

利用GOCE卫星约6个月的重力梯度数据和约1 a的几何轨道数据,联合解算250阶次的地球重力场模型TJGOCE01。GOCE重力梯度数据的低频误差采用ⅡR数字滤波器处理,粗差采用阀值法和移动窗口阀值法组合探测与剔除。直接在梯度仪坐标系中建立GOCE卫星的重力梯度观测方程,采用改进的短弧边值法建立几何轨道观测方程。两类观测值的权根据其先验精度确定,采用Kaula规则约束的正则化方法解算法方程。解算的TJGOCE01模型相对于EIGEN6C2模型在250阶次的大地水准面误差和大地水准面累积误差分别为19.4 mm和177.9 mm。北美地区GPS水准观测数据的检验结果表明,TJGOCE01模型的中误差为0.544 m,略优于欧空局公布的同阶次的第二代时域法和空域法解算的GOCE重力场模型。     

利用全张量重力梯度异常探测月球地下隐伏地质结构及其解释

将有限功率地形法(或称Tesseroid单元体球谐谱域正演法)运用到月球地形的重力梯度计算中,并通过圣杯任务(GRAIL)得到的重力场模型系数和Moontopo720地形模型数据,计算得到在GRAIL卫星高度经过地形校正后的全重力张量异常。综合重力梯度的多分量性质和相关实验结果,首先通过水平梯度异常估算月球主要质量瘤(mascon)的地下空间水平分布范围,然后通过全重力异常梯度带图初步验证潮汐重力引起的月球主要断层结构分布。     

海洋垂直重力梯度异常的计算及其在地形反演中的应用

将测高重力异常、局部大地水准面和垂线偏差作为输入数据,计算海洋垂直重力梯度异常。以中西太平洋海域作为研究对象,对垂直重力梯度异常和海底地形的相关性进行分析,在20~200 km波段范围内利用梯度异常推估海底地形。结果表明,反演地形的相对精度在7.14%左右,在多海山地区精度较差。     

日本9.0级地震区重力梯度的时空分布

基于重力梯度的球函数表式关系,采用2003年1月至2012年11月的112期月GRACE观测数据,计算了2011年日本9.0级地震区域的6个重力梯度分量的空间分布和地震区一些特征点在地震前重力梯度随时间的变化过程。结果表明:Tλλ、T rr、Tθλ与当地地质构造的分布有较好的对应关系。在日本9.0级地震前一年左右,重力梯度的6个分量不同程度上都存在震前异常变化,同震重力梯度变化明显。     

基于卫星重力梯度数据的密度反演研究

为解决卫星重力梯度大尺度密度反演存在的平面模型误差、病态矩阵正则化、大型矩阵求逆、先验数据融合等问题,依托Tesseroid单元体模型,分别采用广义岭估计、代数重建(ART)、遗传算法完成了附加高斯白噪声的模拟异常体密度反演实验,并将反演结果与原始设定模型进行比较分析。     

华北中部主要活动断裂对岩石圈磁异常分布的影响

对2016~2019年华北中部地区118个流动地磁矢量测点的数据进行处理,得到连续3期岩石圈磁场各要素年变化数据。对得到的ΔY要素各期年变化数据进行网格化处理,利用节点值进行计算,对ΔY梯度空间赋值。分析梯度空间形态发现,高值区和活动断裂分布有较好的对应关系,高值区多沿一个或多个活动断裂延伸,或环活动断裂分布。利用多项式回归法对ΔY进行成分分解,提取区域背景性异常和局部性异常,同样发现局部性异常分布和活动断裂相关性较好。各期梯度高值区和局部异常形态差异性较大,但也有部分高值区或异常显著区延续性存在,尤其在断裂附近,延续性存在的可能和构造应力关系更密切。     

顾及垂直形变速率影响的茅山地区重力场变化

利用CORS获得的垂直形变速率，对CG-5测得的重力变化进行布格梯度改正，绘制茅山断裂带周边真实的区域重力场，并分析其变化。选取茅山断裂带附近18个相对重力点进行同步GPS-RTK测量，将测量数据进行对比分析，并将GPS所测高程变化量作为重力值归算依据；以2014年重力值为基准，将2016～2017年3期重力测量值进行梯度变化修正，绘制重力场异常等值线图，并对茅山断裂带重力场异常变化进行研究。结果表明，将未进行高程修正前的重力场差分图与修正后的进行对比，其形态发生较大变化，高梯度区域和零值线方向均发生改变。该研究成果对依据差分变化趋势判定年度异常区具有重要意义。     

基于卷积神经网络预测南海海底地形

针对南海区域,使用3种重力信号(垂线偏差、重力异常、垂直重力梯度异常)训练卷积神经网络模型,并将预测结果与船测数据和国外模型结果进行对比分析。将3种重力信号分成4组数据：重力异常,重力异常与垂直重力梯度异常,重力异常与垂线偏差,以及重力异常、垂线偏差和垂直重力梯度异常。4种组合方式的反演结果与船测水深之间的标准差分别为104.780 m、102.778 m、93.788 m、88.289 m,表明随着不同类型重力数据的加入,水深预测精度明显提高,并且在深度大于2 000 m时,反演结果精度提升效果更为显著。将训练集占总数据集的比例分别设置为80%、70%、60%和50%,反演结果与船测水深之间的标准差分别为88.289 m、91.256 m、92.833 m、96.022 m,表明数据量的增多可以有效提高模型学习结果的精度。     

卫星重力梯度数据的归算与格网化处理

给出引力梯度数据归算的二阶径向改正公式,计算结果表明选用高精度参考重力场模型可以有效控制归算误差的影响。比较加权平均法、Shepard曲面拟合法和最小二乘配置法用于卫星重力梯度数据格网化处理的精度和适用性,采用不同噪声背景的径向引力梯度数据进行格网化处理,计算结果表明：最小二乘配置法相比加权平均法和Shepard曲面拟合法具有明显优势,其格网化精度可满足高精度重力场恢复的需要,建议在实际计算中采用最小二乘配置法进行格网化处理。     

一种顾及异常控制点的坐标转换方法

坐标转换中如果有异常控制点参与转换参数的求解,会导致转换参数的可靠性差,最终使得转换精度降低。为了有效抵抗异常控制点对坐标转换的影响,在最小二乘中融入了异常点搜索算法,搜索完成后自动生成定位矩阵,通过定位矩阵直接求得经过异常值修正后的转换参数。实验结果表明,该方法对中小异常值的定位和估值较为有效,转换残差显著减小,修正后的控制点保证数量和空间分布不变,对转换精度有益。     

Preliminary study on plasma membrane fluidity of Psychrophilic Yeast Rhodotorula sp.NJ298 in low temperature

The ability of cell to modulate the fluidity of plasma membrane was crucial to the survival of microorganism at low temperature. Plasma membrane proteins, fatty acids and carotenoids profiles of Antarctic psychrophilc yeast Rhodotorula sp. NJ298 were investigated at -3 ℃, 0 ℃ and 8 ℃. The results showed that plasma membrane protein content was greater at -3 ℃ than that at 8 ℃, and a unique membrane polypeptide composition with an apparent molecular mass of 94.7 kDa was newly synthesized with SDS-PAGE analysis; GC analysis showed that the main changes of fatty acids were the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids (C18∶ 1 and C18∶ 2) and shorter chain saturated fatty acid (C10∶ 0) increased along with the decrease of the culture temperature from 8 ℃ to -3 ℃; HPLC analysis indicated that astaxanthin was the major functional carotenoids of the plasma membrane, percentage of which increased from 54.6±1.5% at 8 ℃ to 81.9±2.1% at -3 ℃. However the fluidity of plasma membrane which was determined by measuring fluorescence anisotropy was similar at -3 ℃, 0 ℃ and 8 ℃. Hence these changes in plasma membrane's characteristics were involved in the cellular cold-adaptation by which NJ298 could maintain normal plasma membrane fluidity at near-freezing temperature.     

Information for authors

正1 Aims and Scope Advances in Polar Science(APS)is an international,peer-reviewed journal jointly sponsored by the Polar Research Institute of China and the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration.APS is a comprehensive academic journal dedicated to presentation of multi-disciplinary achievements in Arctic and Antarctic expeditions and research.Its primary purpose     

JOURNAL OF OCEAN UNIVERSITY OF CHINA

<正>Copyright Submfnion of a roanusatpt inks:that the work described has not been published before(exoept In the form of an abstrW or as part of a published lecture,review,or thesis);that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere that its publication has been approved by ail     

Information for Authors

<正>The Journal of Ocean University of China(Oceanic and Coastal Sea Research)is a comprehensive academic quarterly sponsored by the Ocean University of China,published one volume per year.This journal is devoted to the publication of the theoretical and applied research results on oceanography and marine fisheries.The fieldcovered include the physical,chemical,biological,geo-     

Hydraulics and Hydrology in Mountain Areas

<正>The 35th IAHR World Congress was held in Chengdu,China from September 8 to September 132013.The title of the conference was:"The Wise Finds Pleasure in Water:Meandering through Water Science and Engineering".During the congress,1239 papers were presented in 139sessions for oral presentations and 7 sessions for poster presentations.After the Congress,a Committee was appointed to select some of the best papers presented at the Congress for publication,after a     

Sea ice thickness measurement in spring season in Bothnian Bay using an electromagnetic induction instrument

As an important component of the cryosphere,sea ice is very sensitive to the climate change.The study of the sea ice physics needs accurate sea ice thickness.This paper presents an electromagnetic-induction(EM) technique which can be used to measure the sea ice thickness distribution efficiently,and the successful application in Bothnian Bay.Based on the electromagnetic field theory and the electrical properties of sea ice and seawater,EM technique can detect the distance between the instrument and the ice/water interface accurately,than the sea ice thickness is obtained.Contrastive analysis of the apparent conductivity data obtained by EM and the value of drill-hole at same positions allows a construction of a transformable formula of the apparent conductivity to sea ice thickness.The verification of the sea ice thickness calculated by this formula indicates that EM technique is able to get reliable sea ice thickness with average relative error of only 12%.The statistic of all ice thickness profiles shows that the level ice distribution in Bothnian Bay was 0.4-0.6 m.     

Thermohaline structure inhomogeneity associated with polynia at the northern margin of Emery Ice-shelf

Based on the hydrographic data in austral summer during the 22nd Antarctic Expedition of China(2005/2006),some features can be found about the northern margin of Emery ice shelf as follows.The heat content in the surface layer(0-50 m) at the eastern end and the western end of the ice-shelf margin is much higher than that at the middle.The upper mixing-layer depth and the seasonal thermocline depth at the middle of the ice-shelf northern margin are much shallower than those at the both ends.However there is much less difference between the middle and the ends in the bottom layer.The remote sensing photos show that the inhomogeneity in the surface-layer water is closely related to the spatial distribution of the floes and polynia in the area.     

Phylogenetic analysis of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice

Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA of 8 strains of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice was studied.The results showed that strain BJ1 belonged to genus Planococcus,which was a genus of low mole percent G C gram-positive bacteria;strain BJ6 belonged to genus Burkholderia of β-proteobacteria and the rest 6 strain all belonged to γ-proteobacteria,of which strain BJ8 was a species of Pseudoalteromonas,strain BJ2-BJ5 and BJ7 were members of genus Psychrobacter.Phylogenetic analysis also indicated that bacteria of genus Psychrobacter of the isolates formed a relatively independent phylogenetic cluster in comparison with other bacteria belonged to genus Psychrobacter.     

Information for authors

正1 Aims and Scope Advances in Polar Science(APS)is an international,peer-reviewed journal jointly sponsored by the Polar Research Institute of China and the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration.APS is a comprchensive academic journal dedicated to presentation of multi-disciplinary achievements in Arctic and Antarctic expeditions and research.Its primary purpose is to publish achievements in fundamental research,applied