川东北铁山-龙会地区长兴组礁滩相储层特征及主控因素

针对铁山-龙会地区长兴组礁滩储层特征,采用岩心、薄片观察及测井解释相结合的方法研究表明,该区储集岩类型主要有礁云岩和礁灰岩,储集空间以次生孔隙为主,储集性能较差,多为低孔、低渗的裂缝－孔隙型和孔隙－裂缝型储层。长兴组储层电性特征明显,礁相储层表现为GR值低,电阻率值呈箱状,深浅双侧向具正差异;非礁相储层测井曲线表现为明显的指状或刺刀状特征,GR值低,三孔隙曲线起伏不明显,储层渗流受到裂缝影响。海平面的相对变化控制了礁滩体的规模,为优质储层的发育奠定了基础,而沉积环境决定了沉积相带的展布,沉积相带影响了储层的储集性能;裂陷槽的上升盘和古地貌高地控制了台地边缘礁滩体的分布,是有利储集相带发育的基础;白云石化作用和溶蚀作用为次生孔隙的发育提供了有利条件,改善了储层的储集性能。     

元坝气田长兴组储层特征与形成主控因素研究

本文以宏、微观资料相结合的方法,以优质储层发育与形成为主线开展了元坝气田长兴组礁滩储层发育特征研究。研究证明:(1)元坝气田长兴组礁滩储层岩石类型以亮晶生屑灰岩与亮晶生屑白云岩等颗粒岩为主,西部礁滩储层白云岩含量高于东部,长二段礁滩储层白云岩含量高于长一段浅滩储层;(2)储层类型以孔隙型为主,裂缝-孔隙型次之,储集空间包括晶间溶孔、晶间孔、粒间溶孔及裂缝;(3)元坝地区长兴组礁滩储层以Ⅱ、Ⅲ类为主,西部物性好于东部,长二段储层厚度远大于长一段。元坝地区长兴组储层受沉积相、构造活动及成岩作用等控制,受沉积前古地貌和燕山期后构造作用的双重控制,西部储层物性好于东部;3期破裂作用与3期溶蚀作用是形成储层的关键。     

川北地区飞仙关组储层特征及其主控因素

采用宏观和微观相结合的方法,对川北地区飞仙关组鲕粒滩储层的研究表明,其储集岩类型主要有鲕粒白云岩和鲕粒灰岩,储集空间以次生孔隙为主,储集物性较差,多为低孔、低渗的裂缝-孔隙型和孔隙-裂缝型储层。研究区飞仙关组储层是海平面下降形成的一套产物,储层的发育及演化受到沉积作用和成岩作用的共同控制。二叠纪长兴组生物礁古地貌高地和龙门山岛链的形成,为飞仙关组的沉积提供了高能沉积环境,而相对海平面的下降促进了高能滩体的形成,位于台地边缘的高能鲕粒滩体是储层发育的有利部位;混合水白云化作用和埋藏溶解作用为次生孔隙的形成提供了有利条件,改善了储层的储集性能。     

伊拉克西古尔纳油田中白垩统Mishrif组碳酸盐岩储层特征及主控因素

通过岩心、薄片、测井、物性和压汞测试等资料分析,明确了伊拉克西古尔纳油田中白垩统Mishrif组碳酸盐岩的岩石类型主要有泥晶生物碎屑灰岩、生物碎屑泥晶灰岩、厚壳蛤砾屑灰岩、生物碎屑灰岩、亮晶生物碎屑灰岩和少量残余生物碎屑白云岩;储集空间有粒间(溶)孔、粒内(溶)孔、铸模孔、晶间孔及微孔,以及少量未充填的构造微裂缝;储层物性呈中孔中低渗特征,孔-渗关系差,砾屑灰岩、生物碎屑灰岩的物性最好;发育五类孔隙结构,其中的中高孔低渗细喉型、中高孔中低渗中喉型是主要孔隙结构类型,具有强非均质性。认为镶边碳酸盐岩台地不同沉积相带的纵向叠置和多种成岩作用的发育是形成差异性储层质量的主控因素,台地边缘强水动力礁滩环境形成纯净的生物碎屑岩石组构,与强溶蚀作用叠加,控制了有利储层的发育;弱水动力相带下形成的多泥质、少量生物碎屑岩石组构,与弱溶蚀、强胶结成岩作用叠加,是形成差储层和非储层的主要原因;稳定的构造演化仅在储层局部位置形成了少量未充填的微裂缝以沟通储层,但这对储层形成的贡献较小。     

桂中坳陷泥盆纪生物礁储层特征及演化史

桂中坳陷泥盆纪生物礁滩发育,桂中1井钻探证实该区存在优质生物礁灰岩和白云岩储层。野外露头、显微照片和扫描电镜等分析测试手段表明,该区泥盆纪生物礁储集空间主要包括孔隙、裂缝和溶洞。孔隙类型有粒内溶孔、骨架孔、粒间孔、溶孔、缝合线伴生溶孔等,以晶间溶孔、晶间孔及非组构控制的溶蚀孔、洞、缝为主,储层类型主要为裂缝型、裂缝-孔隙型和孔隙型。沉积环境、成岩作用及构造裂缝控制有利储层的发育,现今储集空间以埋藏溶蚀孔隙和保留下来的残余孔、洞、缝为主。地球化学和成岩作用研究表明,储层孔隙演化与油气充注密切相关,可能发生两期油气充注。储层焦沥青的形成主要是由于地层深埋造成原油热裂解。因此,该区油气勘探应以原油裂解天然气为主,寻找具有保存条件的岩性体。     

四川盆地川中地区盐亭-潼南海槽台缘带二叠系长兴组储层特征及成因探讨

四川盆地长兴组发育优质生物礁滩储层,是重要的勘探层系.目前,缺少对其储层特征和成因的研究.以岩石特征分析为基础,结合区域地质研究、镜下鉴定、阴极发光、Sr、Fe、Mn元素和C、O、Sr同位素等地球化学特征分析,对盐亭-潼南海槽台缘带礁滩体储层岩石学特征、地球化学特征等展开了系统研究.受盐亭-潼南海槽台缘带控制,川中地区礁滩体呈规律性展布.海槽东侧广安-公山庙台缘带主要发育生物礁,以生物礁滩复合体中的礁顶滩及礁内滩白云岩为主要储集岩,储集空间主要为粒间孔及生物格架孔,白云岩化程度高;其单层厚度薄,分布广.海槽西侧生物礁不发育,以生屑滩为主,储层以生屑灰岩为主,孔隙主要为粒间溶孔、晶间孔、溶缝等;储层单层厚度较薄,累计厚度较大,分布范围比较广.埋藏白云石化是盐亭-潼南海槽台缘带白云岩储层的主要成因,埋藏期封存于长兴组地层中被淡水改造了的海水及来自于飞仙关组底部泥页岩的压实水是礁滩储层白云石化的主要流体来源;长兴末期存在的区域性暴露剥蚀叠加埋藏溶蚀改造是岩溶储层的主要成因.盐亭-潼南海槽台缘带优质储层受海槽台缘带、埋藏白云石化、长兴末期暴露剥蚀叠加埋藏溶蚀改造多因素共同控制,储层累计厚度较大,分布广,为规模有效储层.      

环开江—梁平海槽长兴组台缘礁滩相储层特征及成岩作用

通过岩心观察、薄片鉴定、电镜扫描、阴极发光、物性分析,对四川盆地东部环开江—梁平海槽上二叠统长兴组礁滩相储层特征、储层成岩作用进行研究,并初步建立成岩演化序列。储层特征研究发现,长兴组储层发育良好,储集岩以"花斑状"生屑云岩和生物礁云岩为主,粒间孔、粒间溶孔和粒内溶孔较为发育,孔隙度总体介于2%~6%,渗透率集中在0.1~1 m D,结合孔渗相关关系将其划分为4种储层类型:"低孔高渗"型、"中孔中渗"型、过渡型、"高孔低渗"型。储层成岩作用研究发现,储层在成岩阶段经历了多期胶结、压实、白云岩化、溶蚀、构造破裂等成岩作用。由于成岩作用对孔隙结构的改造,孔隙演化整体上呈减小趋势。胶结作用及压实作用使得原生孔隙大幅度减少,对储层的形成具有破坏性作用,溶蚀及白云岩化作用对储层的形成具有建设性作用,构造破裂对储层进一步优化改造。研究表明原生粒间孔和早成岩期岩溶及热液白云岩化作用形成的早期次生孔隙不仅是现今储层储集空间的雏形,也基本决定了储层的最终面貌。     

渤海CF油田古近系湖相碳酸盐岩储层特征

钻井揭示,渤海CF油田古近系湖相碳酸盐岩储层具有较强的非均值性。根据岩心、薄片、测井、分析化验、三维地震等各项资料,研究了CF油田古近系沙一段湖相碳酸盐岩的岩性、储集空间类型、物性、优质储层发育控制因素及分布特征。研究结果表明:CF油田沙一段湖相碳酸盐岩以生屑云岩为主,夹生屑灰岩、泥晶球团粒云岩等,纵向上可分为生屑云岩段和云质砾岩段;储集空间以孔隙为主,孔隙类型多为粒间孔、粒间溶孔、粒内孔,微裂缝发育,生屑云岩段多为中-高角度的构造-溶蚀缝,云质砾岩段多见压溶缝和收缩缝,云质砾岩段裂缝较生屑云岩段发育,裂缝被方解石充填严重;储层物性为中低孔低渗,渗透率大小与孔隙结构特征对应明显;优质储层主要为生屑云岩段,沉积作用、构造作用和溶蚀作用是控制储集层物性的关键因素;工区范围内发育断陷湖盆中央台地相,生屑滩、粒屑滩对应的生屑云岩段为优势沉积相带。在综合分析基础上开展的储层分类评价结果表明,古地貌相对高点及古地貌斜坡处为优质储层发育区,预测的优质储层平面厚度分布可以指导油田的高效开发。     

川东七里峡—云安厂地区飞仙关组储层特征 及主控因素研究

四川盆地东部下三叠统飞仙关组海相碳酸盐岩油气勘探具有巨大的前景,目前已进入地层-岩性油气藏勘探阶段,因 此加强对该区储层发育特征及分布预测的研究显得尤为重要。本文以精细岩心观察和薄片鉴定为基础,结合扫描电镜、物性 和孔隙结构等资料分析,对该区储层发育特征及主控因素进行分析,预测了该区有利储层分布区域。研究区飞仙关组主要的 储集岩类型是白云岩类,鲕粒灰岩次之;物性总体上呈现低孔、低渗的特征,且主要储集空间为粒内溶孔和晶间溶孔;储层类型 主要是裂缝-孔隙型;储层发育程度受控于岩石类型、沉积相带分布、海平面升降、白云岩化作用等因素影响。其中鲕滩发 育区为有利储集相带、相对海平面下降有利于储层孔隙的形成,埋藏成因的粉晶-细晶白云岩、鲕粒白云岩是飞仙关组储层 中最普遍也最为重要的成岩作用类型,也是优质储层形成的关键。综合飞仙关组储层特征及主控因素分析,预测了有利储 层发育区。     

开江-梁平海槽区带南段飞仙关组储层特征及控制因素

通过对开江-梁平海槽区带南段40多口井飞仙关组薄片资料、录井、测井、试油等资料分析,结合岩心观察、扫描电镜等研究,认为飞仙关组储层岩石类型主要为鲕粒白云岩、晶粒白云岩、鲕粒灰岩、泥晶灰岩等;储集空间主要包括粒间(溶)孔、粒内溶孔、晶间(溶)孔、(构造、溶蚀)裂缝等;储层孔隙主要为裂缝型、裂缝-孔隙型、孔隙-裂缝型、孔隙型4种,储层中以4种类型复合产出为特征;储层物性较差,属低孔-低渗类型,裂缝系统发育地区,以低孔高渗为特征;储层发育受到沉积相带展布、白云石化作用、溶蚀作用、构造作用控制,其中,构造作用形成的裂缝系统是海槽区带南段形成规模储层的主要控制因素.     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of