沙漠沉积体系的层序地层学研究——以新疆库车盆地下白垩统为例

新疆塔里木北部库车盆地内下白垩统发育,为一套干旱红层地层。该套地层中有干盐湖及内陆萨布哈相泥岩、风成砂岩、间歇性河流砂砾岩和洪积扇砾岩等类型的沉积物,组成了一个较为典型的沙漠沉积体系。伴随着盆地基底的抬升与下沉,在地层记录中显示出旋回性沉积作用的特点,在早白垩世地层中识别出5个三级层序,它们构成1个二级构造层序,这些三级层序具有从冲积相粗碎屑沉积到湖泊相细粒沉积的相序组构,以向上变细为特征。研究表明,风成砂岩是库车盆地储集性能最好的天然气储集层,库车盆地中的克拉2气田是中国第一个以风成砂岩为主要储集层的大型天然气田。     

塔里木盆地库车坳陷白垩纪层序地层格架及古地理演化

白垩纪的库车坳陷是一个干旱气候条件下的内陆坳陷,其中只发育下白垩统,为一套干旱红层地层,进一步划分为亚格列木组、舒善河组、巴西盖组和巴什基奇克组。该套干旱红层,包括洪积扇砾岩、间歇性河流砂砾岩、风成砂岩和沙漠湖紫红色泥岩等沉积。这些沉积在地层记录中常以一种特别的旋回性形式产出,在不整合面及其相关面之上首先沉积的是洪积扇砾岩和间歇性河流砂砾岩所构成的冲积沉积物,向上逐渐演变为沙漠湖红色泥岩,在成湖初期或湖退期发育了滨湖相风成砂岩,它们构成了一个较为典型的沙漠沉积体系。从冲积沉积到湖泊沉积构成总体向上变细的沉积相序组合。按照地层记录的旋回性进行三级沉积层序划分,将库车坳陷下白垩统划分为5个三级沉积层序即SQ1至SQ5。下白垩统的顶和底界面均为间断时间很长的区域不整合面,由它们所限定的下白垩统本身则构成一个二级构造层序,在二级构造层序内三级沉积层序常常形成有规律的叠加形式,下部的SQ1和上部的SQ5发育较多的冲积粗碎屑物,中部SQ2至SQ4则以湖泊相沉积为主。与海相地层不同,库车坳陷白垩系中由三级层序和二级层序所代表的地层记录中的中周期和长周期旋回的主要控制因素是幕式构造沉降,沉降初期由于地形高差大而以发育冲积粗碎屑物为主,均衡沉降期则与成湖期相对应从而发育较多的细粒沙漠湖沉积。以沉积物的时间演化序列和沉积相的空间展布形式所代表的规律性入手,建立库车坳陷下白垩统的层序地层格架,在层序地层框架内,系列层序地层格架栅状图和相应的古地理图较为清晰地反映出早白垩世库车坳陷的古地理面貌,以及相应的沉积岩相古地理演变过程。     

塔里木盆地北缘库车盆地白垩系风成砂岩研究--以库车河剖面为例

库车盆地的早白垩世地层为一套干旱气候条件下的红层沉积，包括洪积扇砾岩、间歇性河流砂砾岩、风成细砂岩和粉砂岩、沙漠湖相紫红色泥岩等类型的沉积，组成一个较为典型的沙漠沉积体系。在库车河剖面，下白垩统红层中发育一些厚层至块状的“高能细砂岩和高能粉砂岩”，多为岩屑长石石英砂岩和长石岩屑石英砂岩。它们以良好的分选性和较高的结构成熟度、较细的粒度、较低的成分成熟度和大型交错层理的发育为特征，显示出较为明显的风成沉积特点。     

柴达木盆地旺尕秀地区上侏罗统-下白垩统风成砂的发现及其意义*

本次研究在柴达木盆地旺尕秀地区上侏罗统红水沟组上覆地层中,首次发现了风成沉积。地层主体为一套棕黄色细-中砂岩,由分选、磨圆好的石英砂组成;扫描电镜下可见风成砂特有的碟形撞击坑和新月形撞击坑等特征;层内普遍发育风成大型高角度板状交错层理,层系厚度巨大,风成沙丘前积层特征明显;发育液化作用产生的牵引褶曲、倒转褶曲等常见的风成沙丘同沉积变形构造。根据岩性和沉积构造特征共在地层中识别出4种沉积亚相: 沙丘亚相、丘间亚相、旱谷亚相和沙漠湖亚相,其中沙丘亚相以风成大型交错层理为显著特征,丘间、旱谷和沙漠湖亚相则以水成沉积为主。风成砂沉积的存在丰富了柴达木盆地中生代的沉积类型,为区域地层对比及西北地区晚中生代古气候和古环境研究提供了新的证据和材料。     

西秦岭晚白垩世原型盆地——新生代青藏高原隆起的背景

青藏高原是新生代隆升的构造地貌。本文试图通过对青藏高原东北缘的西秦岭上白垩统的研究,揭示新生代青藏高原隆升之前的晚白垩世原型盆地和构造地貌背景,这对探索青藏高原隆起过程的起始至关重要。西秦岭腹地岷县地区分布着一套角度不整合于下伏不同时代地层之上且沉积序列相近的上白垩统红层地层。该套红层现今呈离散分布,故多被认为是西秦岭陆内造山阶段不同山间盆地或走滑拉分盆地的沉积物。对不同高程和露头上的该套红层与下伏地层之间角度不整合面地质特征对比分析,特别是对不整合面之上含砾砂岩和砂岩的粒度组成和颗粒的显微结构研究表明,该套红层底部的胶结砂砾岩和其上的红色砂岩皆具有沙漠沉积的特征,也就是说西秦岭晚白垩世曾出现过干旱沙漠环境。沙漠环境的出现不仅需要干旱炎热气候条件,而且需要相对平坦的地形地貌空间条件。据此,本文提出了西秦岭在晚白垩世可能处于相对平缓的古地貌状态。现今这套红层不连续分布在相对平坦的山顶面,其下部以洪积砾岩、河床砾岩和砂岩、沙漠相砂岩互层,上部则以河一湖相红色泥岩、粉砂岩和细砂岩等细碎屑沉积为主。经研究分析认为西秦岭在上白垩统红层开始沉积之时,总体已处于地形起伏不大的洪积平原和宽谷型河流地貌,而晚期则演变为平坦湖盆地貌,其原始盆地为统一宽缓的湖相盆地。现今上白垩统红层地层和角度不整合的弥散性分布是在印度板块-欧亚板块碰撞汇聚的动力学背景下,青藏高原崛起和逆冲-走滑作用以及地壳不均匀抬升-侵蚀的结果。西秦岭晚白垩世相对平坦的古地貌状态确定可为研究西秦岭中新生代陆内构造过程和高原隆升与板内变形在东北缘的扩展提供重要线索和参考标志。     

安徽合肥盆地东北部白垩纪层序地层学分析

运用层序地层学理论和工作方法 ,对合肥盆地东北部白垩纪陆相地层各类沉积建造的沉积环境、沉积相和陆相沉积体系域进行了分析 ,根据红层盆地的沉积物充填序列、基本层序 ,将白垩纪断 (坳 )陷盆地充填沉积序列中划分为 4个层序 ,在层序地层学分析基础上 ,并根据岩石地层单元和沉积体系在时空上的展布特征 ,初步建立了红盆地层格架。     

Depositional facies of the subsurface Neogene Surma Group in the Sylhet Trough of the Bengal Basin,Bangladesh: record of tidal sedimentation

The Bengal Basin, in the north-eastern part of the Indian subcontinent, contains a thick (± 22 km) early Cretaceous-Holocene sedimentary succession. The Neogene succession in the Sylhet Trough of the basin reaches a thickness of more than 6 km of which the Surma Group contains important sandstone reservoirs. Lithologically, the group consists of a succession of alternating shales, siltstones, sandy shales and sandstones, with minor conglomerates. This research work is a sedimentological analysis of the subsurface Neogene succession encountered in the petroleum exploration wells in the Sylhet Trough of the Bengal Basin. Detailed lithologic logs of the cores, based on considering texture and sedimentary structure, permit a subdivision into eight lithofacies, e.g., a shale-dominated facies, interbedded fine sandstones and mudstones, ripple-laminated sandstones, parallel-laminated sandstones, massive sandstones, cross-bedded sandstones, cross-bedded sandstones with pebble/granule lag and conglomerates. Characteristic sedimentary structures of the Surma Group, such as flaser-, wavy- and lenticular-bedding, bipolarity of ripple cross-stratification, evenly laminated sand/silt-streaked shales, reactivation surfaces within cross-bedded sandstone sets, mud-drapes on foreset laminae and herringbone cross-stratification as well as small-scale vertical sequences (several fining-upward cycles) are diagnostic for tidal influence. On the basis of the lithofacies associations and prograding character of the deposits revealed from the electrofacies associations, the Surma Group sediments have been interpreted as representing deposits of tide-dominated deltaic depositional setting.     

西秦岭岷县地区红层砂岩成因分析

岷县西江盆地红层地层为上白垩统磨沟组,这套地层底部为一套紫红色厚块状砾岩,砾岩上部为厚度巨大的红层砂岩。本文试图通过对这套砂岩的研究,揭示其成因背景,对恢复晚白垩世西秦岭岷县地区古地理具有重要意义。根据岷县地区红层砂岩良好出露剖面测绘和取样资料,从沉积序列特征、粒度特征、石英颗粒表面特征方面对其成因进行分析。研究表明,这套砂岩厚度大,岩层中发育薄砾石层与干河床沉积物夹层,薄砾石层中砾石具沙漠漆等特征。粒径相对集中,缺乏粉砂和粘土组分,以中砂、细砂、极细砂组分为主。石英颗粒磨圆度好,表面发育碟形和新月形坑、溶蚀坑、硅质薄膜等典型特征。综合各种特征,认为这套砂岩为干热气候环境下风沙活动的产物。     

济阳坳陷古近系区域层序地层格架地层特征对比

综合生物地层学、磁性地层学（ESR测年法）、地震地层学及层序地层学等地层学的研究成果,通过对断陷盆地区域等时界面的识别、界面级次和界面性质的分析与对比,以三级层序为基本组构单元建立了济阳坳陷古近系区域等时地层格架系统。通过分析济阳坳陷四大次级凹陷古近系各二级层序和隐蔽油气藏最为发育的重点三级层序的可对比性,认为二级层序完全受构造幕的直接控制,具有很好的可对比性。四个次级凹陷的重点三级层序地层格架的旋回性质具有一致性,标志性沉积物出现于相同或类似的旋回位置。然而,T2(沙一段底)、T4（沙三段上亚段底）和T6(沙三段中亚段底)的三级层序界面性质在不同凹陷间具有明显的差异性。从层序成因动力学角度来解释,这种旋回性质的相似性和界面性质的差异性分别表明了同一层序地层格架中沉积环境对沉积物类型起决定性的影响作用以及渤海湾盆地构造沉降沉积中心的迁移对层序界面性质所起的主要控制作用。     

民和盆地南缘盐锅峡组的建立及其地质意义

民和盆地下白垩统地层出露广泛,在其中部有一整套以水下沉积构造和其中特有的蓝灰色标志层为主体的细碎屑岩系,与上、下地层有着极大差异,命名为“盐锅峡组”。该组地层剖面连续,出露甚好,顶底清楚,具独特的岩性、岩相特征。该组岩石地层单位的正式建立,不但便于区内地层划分与对比的需要,而且对盆内层序地层、构造演化、作用相分析都具重要作用。     

Submarine fan and slope-apron deposition in a Cretaceous Forearc Basin: The Gürsökü Formation (Kavak–Samsun, N. Turkey)

The Late Cretaceous Gürsökü Formation represents the proximal fill of the Sinop–Samsun Forearc Basin that was probably initiated by extension during the Early Cretaceous. The succession records sedimentation in two contrasting depositional systems: a slope-apron flanking a faulted basin margin and coarse-grained submarine fans. The slope-apron deposits consist of thinly bedded turbiditic sandstones and mudstones, interbedded with non-channelized chaotic boulder beds and intraformational slump sheets representing a spectrum of processes ranging from debris flow to submarine slides. The submarine fan sediments are represented by conglomerates and sandstones interpreted as deposited from high density turbidity currents and non-cohesive debris flows. The occurrence of both slope apron and submarine fan depositional systems in the Gürsökü Formation may indicates that the region was a tectonically active basin margin during the Late Cretaceous.     

The action of wind and water in a mid‐Cretaceous subtropical erg‐margin system close to the Variscan Iberian Massif,Spain

Aeolian processes and ephemeral water influx from the Variscan Iberian Massif to the mid‐Cretaceous outer back‐erg margin system in eastern Iberia led to deposition and erosion of aeolian dunes and the formation of desert pavements. Remains of aeolian dunes encased in ephemeral fluvial deposits (aeolian pods) demonstrate intense erosion of windblown deposits by sudden water fluxes. The alternating activity of wind and water led to a variety of facies associations such as deflation lags, desert pavements, aeolian dunes, pebbles scattered throughout dune strata, aeolian sandsheets, aeolian deposits with bimodal grain‐size distributions, mud playa, ephemeral floodplain, pebble‐sand and cobble‐sand bedload stream, pebble–cobble‐sand sheet flood, sand bedload stream, debris flow and hyperconcentrated flow deposits. Sediment in this desert system underwent transport by wind and water and reworking in a variety of sub‐environments. The nearby Variscan Iberian Massif supplied quartzite pebbles as part of mass flows. Pebbles and cobbles were concentrated in deflation lags, eroded and polished by wind‐driven sands (facets and ventifacts) and incorporated by rolling into the toesets of aeolian dunes. The back‐erg depositional system comprises an outer back‐erg close to the Variscan highlands, and an inner back‐erg close to the central‐erg area. The inner back‐erg developed on a structural high and is characterized by mud playa deposits interbedded with aeolian and ephemeral channel deposits. In the inner back‐erg area ephemeral wadis, desiccated after occasional floods, were mud cracked and overrun episodically by aeolian dunes. Subsequent floods eroded the aeolian dunes and mud‐cracked surfaces, resulting in largely structureless sandstones with boulder‐size mudstone intraclasts. Floods spread over the margins of ephemeral channels and eroded surrounding aeolian dunes. The remaining dunes were colonized occasionally by plants and their roots penetrated into the flooded aeolian sands. Upon desiccation, deflation resulted in lags of coarser‐grained sediments. A renewed windblown supply led to aeolian sandsheet accumulation in topographic wadi depressions. Synsedimentary tectonics caused the outer back‐erg system to experience enhanced generation of accommodation space allowing the accumulation of aeolian dune sands. Ephemeral water flow to the outer back‐erg area supplied pebbles, eroded aeolian dunes, and produced hyperconcentrated flow deposits. Fluidization and liquefaction generated gravel pockets and recumbent folds. Dune damming after sporadic rains (the case of the Namib Desert), monsoonal water discharge (Thar Desert) and meltwater fluxes from glaciated mountains (Taklamakan Desert) are three potential, non‐exclusive analogues for the ephemeral water influx and the generation of hyperconcentrated flows in the Cretaceous desert margin system. An increase in relief driven by the Aptian anti‐clockwise rotation of Iberia, led to an altitude sufficient for the development of orographic rains and snowfall which fed (melt)water fluxes to the desert margin system. Quartzite conglomerates and sands, dominantly consisting of quartz and well‐preserved feldspar grains which are also observed in older Cretaceous strata, indicate an arid climate and the mechanical weathering of Precambrian and Palaeozoic metamorphic sediments and felsic igneous rocks. Unroofing of much of the cover of sedimentary rocks in the Variscan Iberian Massif must therefore have taken place in pre‐Cretaceous times.     

青藏高原东缘盐源盆地古近纪风成沙丘及其古地理意义*

盐源盆地始新世丽江组沉积时期发育了一套具大型高角度交错层理的红色砂岩,其确切成因对于厘定青藏高原东缘古近纪古地理格局、恢复东亚新生代干旱带与古气候演化过程具有重要意义。文中通过对盐源盆地始新统丽江组红色砂岩的沉积特征进行系统分析,证明该套砂岩的岩性、粒度分布、石英颗粒表面特征与沉积构造等明显不同于水成沉积,而与典型风成沙丘相应特征完全一致,表明其为风成沙丘沉积。结合古近纪研究区的古气候条件、大气环流样式与大地构造背景,笔者进一步推断盐源盆地始新世风成沙丘可能沉积于中国古近纪干旱带内的沙漠环境。根据目前相关研究资料,确认青藏高原东缘存在一个厚度稳定的古近纪风成沙丘富集带。     

羌塘盆地侏罗纪-早白垩世沉积充填序列分析

通过近两年对北羌塘盆地内侏罗纪—早白垩世地层岩石组合、沉积相、重要层序界面的研究,对盆地充填序列、盆地性质及油气资源前景作了详细分析,对侏罗纪—早白垩世地层进行了多重地层划分和层序地层研究,初步建立了北羌塘盆地侏罗纪—早白垩世地层格架。     

西昆仑山前地区白垩系分布研究

白垩系是西昆仑山前地区最重要的储层,受区域构造演化控制,其岩性与分布在纵、横向上均发生变化。下白垩统为冲积扇辫状河相沉积的红色砾岩、砂岩夹泥岩;上白垩统英吉沙群在研究区西部为一套海相碳酸盐岩地层。白垩系在喀什凹陷最厚,往西、往东、往北均逐渐变薄,并发生相变与尖灭,控制储层发育。本文在研究区域首次通过地震相研究,根据白垩系反射特征精细追踪对比其层位,确定尖灭位置,进而确定白垩系分布范围。研究认为,地震相能在区域上宏观地反映白垩系的沉积特征与分布范围,进而指导油气勘探,具有很重要的现实意义。     

The enigma of fine-grained alluvial basin fills: the Permo-Triassic (Cumbrian Coastal and Sherwood Sandstone Groups) of the Solway Basin,NW England and SW Scotland)

The late Permian to Triassic sediments of the Solway Basin consist of a layer-cake succession of mature, predominantly fine-grained red clastics laid down in semi-arid alluvial plain to arid sabkha and saline marginal marine or lacustrine environments. The Cumbrian Coastal Group consists of Basal Clastics and Eden Shales. The Basal Clastics are thin regolith deposits resting unconformably on all-underlying units and are composed of mixtures of angular local gravel and far-transported fine to very fine-grained sands deposited as basal lag. The Eden Shales are predominantly gypsiferous red silty mudstones, with thin very fine-grained sandstone beds, and with thick marine gypsum beds at the base, deposited at a saline lake margin. The overlying Triassic Sherwood Sandstone Group consists of the Annan and Kirklinton Sandstones. The Annan Sandstones are predominantly thick-bedded, multi-storied, fine-grained mature red quartz sandstones in which coarse sand is practically absent despite channels with clay pebbles up to 30 cm in diameter. The overlying, predominantly aeolian, Kirklinton Sandstones consist of festoon cross-bedded and parallel-laminated fine-grained sandstones, almost identical to the Annan Sandstones except that mica and clay are absent. The Stanwix Shales, located above, consist of interbedded red, blue and green mudstones, siltstones, and thin very fine-grained sandstones, with gypsum layers. Although the entire succession can plausibly be interpreted as deposited in a large desert basin opening into a hypersaline marine or lacustrine embayment to the southwest, the uniformly fine-grained nature of the succession is unusual, as is the absence of paleosols, and body and trace fossils. There is almost no coarse sand even in the river channel units, and it seems likely that the basin was not only extremely arid but supplied predominantly by wind rather than water.     

准噶尔乌夏前陆冲断带二叠系层序地层划分及时空演化

造山带地区构造运动复杂、沉积体系多变,其层序地层划分往往被视为禁区.准噶尔盆地西北缘乌夏前陆冲断带早二叠世发育了一套由火山-火山碎屑岩和正常碎屑岩互层的沉积组合,中晚二叠世主要发育了冲积扇相、扇三角洲相和湖泊相沉积,给层序地层学的研究带来很大难题.对前陆冲断带层序地层划分不能套用稳定地区的模式.本文通过地震、钻测井资料识别各类不整合面,并依据火山喷发方式、火山旋回、沉积旋回分析技术,在经典层序地层学基础上按照不同对比原则,进行层序界面的识别和划分,建立了研究区前陆冲断带地区的层序时空演化模式.结果表明:研究区二叠系层序发育经历了强烈俯冲碰撞造山期-饥饿深水阶段、弱冲断夹短暂伸展火山期-复理石阶段、强烈冲断复活期-磨拉石阶段和冲断活动鼎盛期-水下粗粒沉积阶段(PSS4发育期).     

准噶尔盆地南缘上三叠统黄山街组辫状河三角洲沉积

准噶尔盆地南缘上三叠统黄山街组主要为砾岩、含砾砂岩、砂岩、粉砂岩和泥岩构成的一套碎屑岩组合,野外沉积特征研究确定为典型的辫状河三角洲沉积。通过对沉积相、亚相、微相的详细研究,认为辫状河三角洲具有类似曲流河三角洲的层序结构和微相类型,但两者间也存在很大的差别。与曲流河三角洲相比,辫状河三角洲的三角洲平原亚相不仅沉积物的粒度较粗,而且辫状河道沉积较发育,河道间洪泛平原沉积不发育。辫状河三角洲前缘亚相也可以识别出水下分流河道、河口坝、席状砂和水下分流河道间等微相,水下分流河道沉积为主体。根据野外露头的追索研究,建立了准噶尔盆地南缘上三叠统黄山街组辫状河三角洲的沉积模式。从沉积物的岩性特征看,辫状河三角洲砾岩和含砾粗砂岩体具有分布较稳定、展布较广、储集物性较好的特点。     

Aeolian sand sea development along the mid‐Cretaceous western Tethyan margin (Spain): erg sedimentology and palaeoclimate implications

The existence of a mid‐Cretaceous erg system along the western Tethyan margin (Iberian Basin, Spain) was recently demonstrated based on the occurrence of wind‐blown desert sands in coeval shallow marine deposits. Here, the first direct evidence of this mid‐Cretaceous erg in Europe is presented and the palaeoclimate and palaeoceanographic implications are discussed. The aeolian sand sea extended over an area of 4600 km². Compound crescentic dunes, linear draa and complex aeolian dunes, sand sheets, wet, dry and evaporitic interdunes, sabkha deposits and coeval extradune lagoonal deposits form the main architectural elements of this desert system that was located in a sub‐tropical arid belt along the western Tethyan margin. Sub‐critically climbing translatent strata, grain flow and grain fall deposits, pin‐stripe lamination, lee side dune wind ripples, soft‐sediment deformations, vertebrate tracks, biogenic traces, tubes and wood fragments are some of the small‐scale structures and components observed in the aeolian dune sandstones. At the boundary between the aeolian sand sea and the marine realm, intertonguing of aeolian deposits and marine facies occurs. Massive sandstone units were laid down by mass flow events that reworked aeolian dune sands during flooding events. The cyclic occurrence of soft sediment deformation is ascribed to intermittent (marine) flooding of aeolian dunes and associated rise in the water table. The aeolian erg system developed in an active extensional tectonic setting that favoured its preservation. Because of the close proximity of the marine realm, the water table was high and contributed to the preservation of the aeolian facies. A sand‐drift surface marks the onset of aeolian dune construction and accumulation, whereby aeolian deposits cover an earlier succession of coastal coal deposits formed in a more humid period. A prominent aeolian super‐surface forms an angular unconformity that divides the aeolian succession into two erg sequences. This super‐surface formed in response to a major tectonic reactivation in the basin, and also marks the change in style of aeolian sedimentation from compound climbing crescentic dunes to aeolian draas. The location of the mid‐Cretaceous palaeoerg fits well to both the global distribution of other known Cretaceous erg systems and with current palaeoclimate data that suggest a global cooling period and a sea‐level lowstand during early mid‐Cretaceous times. The occurrence of a sub‐tropical coastal erg in the mid‐Cretaceous of Spain correlates with the exposure of carbonate platforms on the Arabian platform during much of the Late Aptian to Middle Albian, and is related to this eustatic sea‐level lowstand.     

吐鲁番-哈密盆地陆源碎屑沉积环境及物源分析

吐鲁番-哈密盆地从晚二叠世到晚第三纪经历了复杂的,多旋回的沉积构造演化历史,造成主要地层间均以不整合为界。盆地内沉积相类型丰富,沉积环境随时间的推移而发生改变。在晚石炭世,盆地北部为浅海环境;到晚二叠世,沉积环境由海相转变为陆相,并在上二叠统下部形成大量冲积相或河流相粗碎屑沉积;在三叠纪,沉积物主要形成于冲积相或河流-湖泊环境中,古气候则由干旱转为温暖湿润。早、中侏罗世,沉积环境以湖泊-沼泽相为主;到晚侏罗世,则以辫状河流相为主及干旱气候为特征。在白垩纪,盆地的沉积范围大为缩小,以湖泊环境为主;第三纪,沉积范围则扩大到整个盆地,沉积相以辫状河流及冲积相为特征,沉积气候干旱,局部地区接受了盐类沉积。古流向分析显示,吐-哈盆地具有复杂的沉积搬运体系。在盆地南侧,沉积物搬运方向总是由南向北,表明觉罗塔格山是盆地的主要物源区;而在盆地北侧,博格达山自晚侏罗世开始隆起,构成盆地的另一新的物源区,沉积物搬运方向由北向南。在白垩及第三纪,博格达山成为盆地的主要物源区。