Pleistocene Ross seal (ommatophoca Rossi) from New Zealand (note)

A fossil seal jaw from the Early Pleistocene (Wanganui Series; Hautawan Stage) of Napier, New Zealand, is identified as that of an Ommatophoca rossi juvenile of less than 1.8 m body length.     

The Biology of Upogebia pusilla (PETAGNA) (Decapoda, Thalassinidea)

Abstract. Populations of the thalassinidean shrimp Upogebia pusilla were studied on tidal flats in the Northern Adriatic Sea. Biometric analysis showed a sexual dimorphism, especially in propodus size. Size frequency distributions revealed the presence of large animals during all seasons; recruitment by juveniles occurred in autumn. Moult intervals and moult increments were determined in the laboratory and used to generate growth curves which were compared with those calculated from size frequency distributions. The life span of U, pusilla is over 5 years. Ovigerous females occurred between March and September. Egg numbers were high in spring, lower in summer and increased with body size. The incubation time of embryos was 35 days; a female produces an estimated number of three egg batches during the breeding season. A total annual production of 994 kJ was estimated for a theoretical population of 100 animals; 13.5 % is spent for somatic growth, 31 % for egg production of females, and 55.2% is lost as exuviae. The population structures, growth and breeding patterns, as well as embryonic and larval development within the Upogebiidae and Callianassidae are discussed.     

Leathery turtle (reptilia: Chelonia) in Foveaux Strait (note)

Further records of the leathery turtle, Dermochelys coriacea (Linnaeus), augment earlier records and perhaps indicate that this species may be a regular visitor.     

The Biology of Upogebia pusilla (PETAGNA) (Decapoda, Thalassinidea)

Abstract. The distribution of the thalassinidean shrimp Upogebia pusilla was studied at four sites in the North Adriatic Sea: 1) a tidal flat in the lagoon of Grado, 2) a tidal flat at Lido di Staranzano near the mouth of the Isonzo, 3) a mud flat seawards of a salt marsh in a protected bay north of Rovinj, and 4) a sublittoral station in 6m depth near Aurisina. Information on grain size distribution, organic content, amount of debris, redox profiles and pH of sediment as well as temperature and salinity is given. Density, as determined by hole counts and a hole: burrow relationship derived from resin casting, generally increased with increasing water depth in the intertidal. The upper limits ranged between +10cm (Rovinj) and -20cm (Grado); densities between mean water and low water level varied strongly due to microtopography and macrophyte cover. Maximum densities in the intertidal ranged from 189 (Grado) to 2420 (Rovinj, juveniles) animals m². Shrimp density at the sublittoral station ranged between 80 and 230 m"². The zonation of the Upogebiidae and Callianassidae with respect to environmental parameters is discussed.     

Juvenile form of the New Zealand turbot Colistium nudipinnis (Waite) (Pisces: Heterosomata: Rhombosoleinae) (note)

A juvenile (26 mm) specimen of the New Zealand turbot Colistium nudipinnis (Waite) is figured and described. Differences between the juvenile and adult forms, and characters distinguishing juvenile C. nudipinnis from the young of other New Zealand species of flatfish, are noted.     

Arnoglossus boops (hector): A synonym of a. scapha (schneider) (pisces: Heterosomata: Bothidae)

The unique holotype of Arnoglossus boops Hector is compared with specimens of Arnoglossus scapha (Schneider). It is concluded that the two species are identical, and that A. boops is therefore a junior synonym of A. scapha.     

斜带髭鲷Hapalogenys nitens（Richardson）和横带髭鲷H．mucronatus （Eydoux et Souleyet）的核型

采用ＰＨＡ体内注射肾细胞直接制片法研究青岛近海常见经济鱼类斜带髭鲷和横带髭鲷的核型．得出核型公式前者为：２ｎ＝４８，２ｍ＋８ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ＋３６ｔ，ＮＦ＝５８，后者为２ｎ＝４８，２ｍ＋８ｓｍ＋１４ｓｔ＋２４ｔ，ＮＦ＝５８。斜带钱绸核型中ｔ５和ｔ１６对染色体及横带货绸核型中ｔ７对染色体为具次缢痕的染色体。两种鱼的核型特点符合典型的高位类群鱼类核型特征。     

鲬Platycephalus indicus（Linnaeus）的核型和Ag─NOR带研究

采用ＰＨＡ体内注射肾细胞直接法和银染法研究的核型及Ａｇ－ＮＯＲ带。提出的核型公式为２ｎ＝４８，２ｍ＋８ｓｍ十２ｓｔ＋３６ｔ，ＮＦ＝５８。核型中第二对端部着丝点染色体（ｔ染色体）为典型的具次缢痕染色体。银染结果显示次缢痕部位为银集核仁组织者区（Ａｇ－Ｎｕ－ｃｌｅｏｌｕｓｏｒｇａｎｉｚｅｒｒｅｇｉｏｎ，Ａｇ－ＮＯＲｓ），并表现出数目和结构多态性。此外，还讨论了的不同群体间核型的差异，认为不同群体间存在明显的多态性。     

贻贝(Mytilus edulis)的核型与减数分裂

利用体内注射ＰＨＡ和秋水仙素的方法，以锶和生殖腺为材料，对贻贝ＭｙｔｉｌｕｓｅｄｕｌｉｓＬｉｎｎａｅｕｓ的核型和减数分裂进行了观察分析，结果为，二倍体数２ｎ＝２８，核型为１０ｍ＋１２ｓｍ＋６ｓｔ，ＮＦ＝５０。没有发现异形性染色体，贻贝的减数分裂与其他动物类似，也没有发现异形染色体的特殊行为。     

美国红鱼(Sciaenops ocellatus)的核型研究

１９９６年１２月对养殖的美国红鱼采用注射秋水仙碱方法,取其肾脏直接进行染色体制片,镜检得：美国红鱼染色体数目 为４８条,全部是端部 着丝点染色体,其核型公式是２ｎ＝４８ｔ,臂数ＮＦ＝４８。     

尾纹裸头 虎鱼染色体组型分析

以尾纹裸头虎鱼的脾脏细胞为材料,用空气干燥法制片,进行其染色体组型分析。染色体数目２ｎ为４４,染色体总臂数（ＮＦ）为８６,其中中部着丝点染色体为１０对,亚中部着丝点染色体为１１对,端部着丝点染色体只１对,即２ｎ等于２０ｍ＋２２ｓｍ＋２ｔ。     

蒙古裸腹溞染色体组型研究

本文对驯养于实验室自然海水中的蒙古裸腹溞（Ｍｏｉｎａ ｍｏｎｇｏｌｉｃａＤａｄａｙ）染色体进行了分析、研究。结果表明：蒙古裸腹溞染色体数目为ｎ＝１２, ２ｎ＝２４。其中１０条为中部着丝点染色体,２条为亚中部着丝点染色体,１２条为端部着丝点染色体,总臂数ＮＦ＝３６。其核型公式为２Ｎ＝１０Ｍ＋２ＳＭ＋１２Ｔ。本文还与溞属（Ｄａｐｈｎｉａ）６个种类的染色体形态进行了比较,并对蒙古裸腹溞孤雌生殖与两性生殖及性转化的问题开展了讨论。     

海边香豌豆（Lathyrus maritimus）资源开发基础研究

海边香豌豆是生长在青岛海边的野生豆科植物，具有开发前途和应用价值。研究表明，它具有耐盐性、多年生、再生力强、抗逆性强、营养丰富等特点。其核型为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝１４＝６ｍ＋８ｓｍ。     

久效磷对僧帽牡蛎(Ostrea cucullata)染色体毒性效应研究

受试僧帽牡蛎（Ｏｓｔｒｅａｃｕｃｕｌａｔａ）暴露在含有久效磷农药的海水中养育７ｄ,取鳃用空气干燥法制片,观察数千个早中期、中期细胞分裂相末发现微核、染色体结构变异及其它染色体畸变现象。但随久效磷浓度的增加细胞分裂相明显减少。处理过程中投饵和换水的僧帽牡蛎的细胞分裂相明显高于不投饵、不换水;但投饵和换水的僧帽牡蛎随久效磷浓度的增加细胞分裂被抑制的比率又快于不投饵、不换水。经久效磷处理的各组僧帽牡蛎核型与对照组的核型均为２ｎ＝２０,２０ｍ,ＮＦ＝４０。研究结果指出：双壳类的僧帽牡蛎对久效磷农药的毒性不敏感,在所试浓度范围内,并不引起染色体损伤的遗传效应,但产生抑制鳃细胞分裂的效应     

日本沼虾染色体及其核型的研究

于１９９２年３月在上海青县采集日本沼虾，以改进的空气干燥法研究精巢细胞染色体及核型，特别较详细地研究了减数分裂前期Ｉ染色体的行为。结果表明，日本沼虾染色体数ｎ＝５３，２ｎ＝１０４，共分为Ａ，Ｂ，Ｃ，Ｄ４个染色体组；核型组成是Ｎ＝３７Ｍ＋４ＳＴ＋１１Ｔ；初级精母细胞减数分裂前期Ｉ可分为细线期／偶线期，粗线期、双线期和终变期５个时期，双线期的二价体存在弥散阶段，减数分裂的同步率高，大多处于双线期，且双     

一类非线性奇异边值问题的解的存在性

本文研究了如下的高阶奇异边值问题解的存在性ｙ（ｎ）＋ｆ（ｔ，ｙ，ｙ＇，．．．，ｙ（ｎ－２））＝０，ｎ≥２，０＜ｔ＜１，ｙ（ｉ）（０）＝０，０≤ｉ≤＜ｎ－２，ｙ（ｎ－１）（１）＝０其中，ｆ（ｔ，ｙ１，．．．，ｙｍ－１）在ｙｉ＝０处有奇性，ｉ＝１，．．．，ｎ－１。我们给出了该问题解存在的一个新的充分条件     

Rectification of nomenclature for Melagraphia aethiops (Gmelin) and Diloma bicanaliculata (Dunker) (Mollusca: Trochidae)

Alterations to nomenclature for two common intertidal New Zealand ‘top shells’ necessitated by re‐examination of type material have been confused by ambiguities in the way the alterations were first presented. We draw attention to recent misinterpretations and clarify the nomenclature. Condensed synonymies that indicate names used for each species during the interregnum are given, allowing papers dealing with these trochids to be read without uncertainty as to which species were really meant by the authors.     

Chromium(VI) reduction by sulphur(IV) in aqueous solutions

The rates of the reduction of Cr(VI) with S(IV) were measured in deaerated NaCl solution as a function of pH, temperature and ionic strength. The rates of the reaction were found to be first order with respect to Cr(VI) and second order with respect to S(IV), in agreement with previous results obtained at concentrations two order higher than the present study. The reaction also showed a first-order dependence of the rates on the concentration of the proton and a small influence of temperature with an apparent energy of activation ΔH_app of 22.8 ± 3.4 kJ/mol. The rates were independent of ionic strength from 0.01 to 1 M. The rate of Cr(VI) reduction is described by the general expression

−d[Cr(VI)]/dt=k[Cr(VI)][S(IV)]²