修正灰色模型在沉降监测间断资料插补中的应用

对于大型和高耸建筑,为了确保施工和安全运营,定期进行沉降监测是一项非常必要和重要的工作。但是由于受备种主、客观条件的限制和影响,沉降监测实测资料有时会出现间断。为了分析沉降规律,需要对间断资料进行插补。文章考虑到建筑物沉降监测非等时间间隔的特点,以相邻观测时间间隔为权,直接生成1-WA- GO序列,建立灰色系统非等间隔GM(1,1)模型,并将该模型应用于某建筑物沉降监测间断资料的插补工作中。当拟合值误差较大时,应用1阶残差序列建模,对原模型进行修正,提高了模型的拟合精度,得到了较满意的监测间断插补值。     

建筑物沉降监测中的改进灰色模型

针对传统非等间距GM(1,1)模型在建筑物沉降监测中预测精度不够高的问题,提出了一种新的非等间距GM(1,1)建模方法。此法基于初始条件改进及把灰色微分方程的白化方程中的灰导数用离散形式进行表示的改进相结合、提高非等间距GM(1,1)模型的建模精度。结合桂林市某广场的集商用、住房于一体的高层建筑的沉降变形监测实例,将本模型的沉降预测的结果同文献中另一非等间距GM(1,1)改进方法进行对比分析和检验,充分验证了建筑物沉降变形分析预报中本模型方法的可行性和优越性,对进一步促进非等间距GM(1,1)模型在沉降变形预测中的应用起到了积极的作用。     

基于残差改正的动态非等时距灰色模型及应用

介绍了动态非等时距GM(1,1)模型的建模原理、建模过程以及精度评定方法,阐明了动态非等时距GM(1,1)模型中维度选择、残差改正的问题,结合高层建筑沉降监测实例进行分析,将动态非等时距残差GM(1,1)模型预测结果与实测值进行比较,得出动态非等时距残差GM(1,1)模型在建筑物沉降监测中具有很高预测精度的结论,证明了该方法的可行性与可靠性,适用于高层建筑沉降监测.     

优化背景值的时变参数GM(1,1)在铁路沉降中的应用

针对传统的GM(1,1)模型在建筑(构筑)物形变和沉降预测中的灰色作用量恒定和背景值构造有偏差的缺陷,该文通过引入线性时间项的灰色作用量和广义加权构造最优背景值相结合的方法构建了优化背景值的时变参数GM(1,1)模型。以实际铁路沉降监测点的累计沉降监测数据为例,分别采用传统的GM(1,1)模型、时变参数GM(1,1)模型和优化背景值的时变参数GM(1,1)模型对观测数据进行了拟合和预测。结果表明,优化背景值的时变参数GM(1,1)模型的拟合和预测精度相比传统GM(1,1)模型和时变参数GM(1,1)模型有很大提高,适合于铁路沉降数据的监控和分析。研究结果可为铁路的沉降预测提供一定的参考价值。     

基于非等间隔GM(1,1)模型的沉降预测

使用非等间距GM(1,1)模型、基于线性内插和基于神经网络的GM(1,1)模型对某建筑物的沉降观测数据进行分析和预测,并将建模过程在Matlab中用程序语言进行描述。依据预测结果对3种方法的优缺点进行说明,对于实际工程的数据处理方法选取有一定的指导意义。     

基于灰色模型的建筑物沉降预测研究

由于非等间隔GM(1,1)灰色模型对于处理数据量小且表达信息不确定的数据具有优越性,因此广泛应用于石油天然气勘探、机床故障诊断、电力负荷预测、大坝安全监测等领域。基于非等间隔GM(1,1)灰色模型理论,利用某小区建筑物沉降观测的实测数据,建立了适合该小区建筑物沉降预测的灰色模型。通过对比理论预测值和实测值,并进行模型对应的精度评定分析,结果表明,此模型适用于该建筑物沉降预测分析的研究。     

改进的灰色模型在建筑物沉降预测中的应用

介绍灰色非等间距GM(1,1)模型的建立及其精度评定方法,着重探讨模型精度的主要影响因素,并从模型背景值的构造以及初值选取两个方面对灰色非等间距GM(1,1)模型进行改进,结合高层建筑沉降监测实例进行预测结果分析,结果表明,改进后的灰色模型具有较高的精度,在沉降预测中具有较高的应用价值。     

加权GM(1.1)模型在地铁沉降监测中的应用

GM(1,1)模型中的新数据的重要性远远大于那些陈旧的数据,然而,传统的GM(1,1)模型数据的累加并没有体现出新数据的重要性.通过对广州地铁五号线沉降监测数据进行处理,分别建立传统的GM(1,1)模型和加权GM(1,1)模型,对两种模型进行分析与预报,比较的结果验证了加权GM(1,1)模型在地铁沉降变形分析中的有效性、实用性和正确性.     

径向基神经网络在沉降预测中的应用

针对大型建筑物的沉降监测存在较多的不等时间间隔沉降监测数据,现有模型需要对此类数据进行等间隔处理后建立沉降预测模型的现状,该文采用无需对监测数据进行等间隔预处理的径向基神经网络对沉降监测数据建立沉降预测。通过对西安某大厦基坑开挖对地表和周围建筑物影响的沉降监测数据进行实例分析,并与非等间隔灰色GM(1,1)预测模型进行对比,利用模型评价指标评价预测模型精度。结果表明:采用径向基神经网络建立预测模型处理过程简便,其预测精度优于非等间隔灰色GM(1,1)预测模型。     

非等步长GM(1,1)模型及其在大堤沉降监测的应用

针对非等步长数据,传统GM方法是构造等步长序列,生成1-AGO序列,再建立等步长GM(1,1)模型。考虑到变形观测序列非等步长特性,以相邻观测时间间隔为权,直接生成1-WAGO序列,建立非等步长GM(1,1)模型。将GM(1,1)模型应用于堤防工程沉降观测分析与预报,得到了有益的结论。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

基于WebGL的三维智慧管网系统的设计与实现

随着城市面貌日新月异,地下管网的建设也在持续推进,作为城市的地下“神经网络”,全天24 h保障城市的正常运转和发展。本文以实现城市管网管理系统的高可用、无插件、智能化为目标,采用“地上地下一体”“二三维一体”的设计理念,研究基于WebGL的三维智慧管网系统的关键技术,实现了管线设施管理的信息数字化、空间化与图形化。