天然黄玉与辐照改色黄玉的对比研究

利用中子辐照改色法把天然无色黄玉改成蓝色黄玉,对天然黄玉和改色后的蓝黄玉分别进行了常规检测、Ｘ－荧光测试、紫外－可见光谱测试及红外光谱测试研究。结果表明：改色前后黄玉的比重、折射率、成分都没有明显的变化;其紫外－可见光光谱、红外光谱存在一定的差异。这些差异为鉴别天然黄玉与辐照改色黄玉提供了依据。     

改色黄玉的红外光谱研究及其鉴别的数学模型

通过对天然黄玉与辐照改色黄玉的红外光谱研究发现,天然黄玉与辐照改色黄玉的透射红外光谱存在着一些差异,以这些差异为基础,利用数学方法把这些差异定量化,建立鉴别天然黄玉与辐照改色黄玉的数学模型,通过计算机编程,使宝石鉴定逐渐向自动化发展.     

绿柱石的辐照赋色与效应

利用电子加速器为辐照源，对四川，新疆等产的无色绿柱石进行了辐照改色处理。在改色实验中，对辐照源的输出功率，电子能量，扫描面积，扫描速度，辐照剂量等参数，及辐照后样品的辐照效应，环境适应性，时效考验等特性进行了较系统的实验研究，并拟定出一套适合不同成因的无色绿柱石辐照改色的优选方案，对绿柱石的辐照机制和应效进行了探讨。     

MPV-3显微光度计在宝石学中的应用

简述ＭＰＶ－３显微光度计的特点,阐述了有色宝石颜色评价的理论基础和方法,以四川平武无色绿柱石,山东昌乐蓝宝石的颜色评价和改色实验效果评价以及不同成因的天然红工 光性研究为例,论述了ＭＰＶ３显微光度计在宝石颜色评价、改色效果判定、红宝石定名和品种鉴别等方面的应用。     

福建明溪锆石的改色研究

福建明溪的锆石以灰褐色为多，通过热处理可将其改成浅蓝色或无色。本文讨论了热处理的温度、时间、氧化还原条件以及样品的性质对热处理结果的影响，认为热处理的温度过高过低，时间过长都不利于锆石颜色的改善，交替改变氧化还原条件，锆石颜色的改变可逆。在相同的热处理条件下，不同样品的改色效果不同。在此研究基础上提出了锆石的“二步法”改色工艺，并对改色结果的稳定性和热处理对锆石性质的影响进行了评估。     

元江红宝石的呈色机理和改色效果

元江红宝石属区域变质成因大理岩型，与著名的缅甸抹谷红宝石矿床的成因类型几乎完全一致。该矿红宝石的颜色中，浅红、浅玫瑰红、及无色刚玉占总量的50％，提高该矿的潜在经济价值，增加红宝石的色调饱合度和消除色调不正的现象，必须研究红宝石呈色机理。电子探针分析结果为改色工艺提供依据。通过实验表明，浅玫瑰红的红宝石改色效果明显。     

山东昌乐锆石的热处理实验及呈色机理研究

对山东昌乐锆石进行了一系列不同温度、不同气氛的热处理实验,并通过紫外-分光吸收光谱对锆石的颜色及其变化进行分析,探讨了昌乐锆石的呈色机理。结果显示,锆石在氧化条件下变成无色、黄色或橙色,在还原条件下产生无色,且所有样品都在400℃时颜色发生明显改变。研究表明,锆石的红色、红褐色是由空穴色心所致,锆石的黄色是由于样品中Fe3+造成的染色;锆石无色效果的改色所需温度较低,效果较好,具有巨大的商业价值。     

新疆绿宝石的改色工艺研究

新疆绿宝石的改色工艺研究何金明汪立今（中国科学院新疆物理所，乌鲁木齐８３００１１）（新疆工学院地质系，乌鲁木齐８３０００８）关键词绿宝石改色新疆近年来，宝石改色方法及最佳工艺条件研究受到极大关注。我们对新疆绿宝石进行了大量的改色工艺研究，收到了良好效...     

宝石锆石改色改性的实验研究

锆石是一种可用作宝石的矿物。但天然锆石由于变晶作用往往呈现出红褐色,半透明或不透明,因而不能用作宝石。本文用高温实验研究了天然锆石改色改性的技术和方法。研究表明,热处理可以除去锆石的变晶结构,恢复其结晶结构。900—1300℃和氧化气氛条件下的热处理可将红褐色半透明的天然锆石改变成无色透明和金黄色透明的晶体,还原条件则将其改变为天蓝色。     

蓝色刚玉的致色改色理论分析

蓝色刚玉的致色改色理论分析常晓涛郑辙郑海飞（北京大学地质学系，北京１００８７１）关键词蓝宝石致色机理改色实验本文立足于原有蓝宝石的致色改色理论，通过实验及计算，对蓝宝石改色致色进行了基础性的理论研究，提出了杂质离子缺陷致色新认识，并以这一认识为原理，...     

浅论黄玉的成因与成岩-成矿模式

根据含黄玉岩石的矿物学、地质和地球化学以及黄玉中的流体包裹体特征研究，借鉴富F酸性岩体系的成岩成矿实验新成果，推出了新的黄玉成岩-成矿模式，力证黄玉是以富氟低熔岩浆结晶为主的多成因产物，不否定黄玉的交代蚀变和变质成因，认为盲目滥用和过分夸大变质（含交代）作用及其成岩、成矿的极端重要性和普适性不可取。     

Topaz granites in northern Kazakhstan

The paper presents the first data obtained on topaz granites from dikes in columbite-bearing granites of the Kokchetav block, northern Kazakhstan. The columbite-bearing granites (398 ± 3 Ma, Rb-Sr method) compose large massifs and ubiquitously contain columbite as an accessory mineral in amounts from a few to a few dozen grams per ton. The topaz granites make up dikes up to 70–100 m long and 0.4–1.5 m thick, which have sharp contacts with the host granites. The composition of the topaz granites is as follows: albite ～50%, potassic feldspar ～24–26%, quartz ～20%, topaz 3–5%, biotite and muscovite ～1%. Topaz occurs in inner contact zones in the form of large (3–4 cm) crystals, which grew inward from dike contacts and is ubiquitous in the fine-grained groundmass as small (no larger than 0.05 mm) crystals. The ore minerals in the topaz granites (zircon, thorite, bastnaesite, Y-cerite, monazite, Y-fluorite, W-ixiolite, tantalite, columbite, and uraninite) developed as very small grains, which can be identified only under a microprobe and electron microscope. W-ixiolite was found only in topaz crystals. The topaz granites are rich in albite, contain Na > K and F concentrations from 0.2 to 0.97 wt %. Compared to the host columbite-bearing granites, the topaz granites are 10–15 times richer in Ta and Li, 3-8 times richer in Rb, Cs, Nb, Sn, F, and Be but 1.2–2 times poorer in U, Th, and REE. The columbite-bearing granites have Ta/Nb = 1: 20, while this ratio in the topaz granites is 1: 3, a fact highlighting the enrichment of the granites in Ta and their geochemical autonomy with respect to columbite-bearing granites.     

论岩浆成因的黄玉单矿物岩

业已在自然界发现中深成相，超浅成相和良好封闭相的岩浆成因黄玉单矿物岩，拥有宏观，微观岩浆成因标志，得到有关富挥发分酸性岩体成岩，成矿实验成果的有力佐证，属一类新的岩浆岩。这类岩石的分类实践表明，它们宜归入岩浆成的云英岩类范畴。有理由预见，自然界存在有黄玉单矿物岩的火山类似物，尚待发现与研究。     

江西漂塘钨矿床中黄玉的晶体形态特征

晶体形态是描述矿物最直观的数据。本文对江西漂塘钨矿床中的５个黄玉晶体进行了晶体测量、投影、计算和实际晶体的立体图绘制，并对其形态特征进行了分析和总结。     

Silica and alumina transfer in supercritical aqueous fluids and growing of topaz monocrystals in them

Silica and alumina transfer during the dissolution and growth of quartz, corundum, and topaz in supercritical aqueous fluids have been experimentally studied under a direct temperature gradient, and the possibility for growing of topaz monocrystals in them have been determined. It was demonstrated that the directions of silica and alumina transfer shows no unambiguous correlation with the composition, PT conditions, pH, and density of the fluids, and, in some cases, can be opposite. This defines simultaneous spatially associated or separated growth of quartz and topaz, as is often observed in camera pegmatites. Our experimental data made it possible to develop a reproducible seed growth of topaz monocrystals and to study their structure, morphology, and physical properties.     

癞子岭黄玉云英岩中流体—熔融包裹体研究—黄玉云英岩成因的探讨

癞子岭黄玉云英岩矿物中流体－熔融包裹体研究揭示黄玉云英岩是岩浆－热液过渡阶段的结晶产物。而黄玉云英岩中岩浆作用与交代作用特征并存现象则是低温成岩熔体在结晶过程中共存的热液对已形成的矿物产生水岩反应的结果。     

Phase relations of a F-enriched peraluminous granite: an experimental study of the Kymi topaz granite stock,southern Finland

Phase relations of F-rich Kymi equigranular topaz granite have been investigated experimentally at 100–500 MPa as a function of water activity and F content. Fluorite and topaz can crystallize as liquidus phases in F-rich peraluminous systems, but the F content of the melt should exceed 2.5–3.0 wt% for the crystallization of topaz. In peraluminous F-bearing melts containing more than 1 wt% F, topaz and muscovite are expected to be the first F-bearing phases to crystallize at high pressure, whereas fluorite and topaz should crystallize first at low pressure. Following reaction models the saturation of fluorite and topaz: CaAl₂Si₂O₈ (plagioclase) + 2[AlF₃]_melt = CaF₂ (fluorite) + 2Al₂SiO₄F₂ (topaz). The obtained partition coefficient for F between biotite and glass D(F)^Bt/glass ranges from 1.89 to 0.80 (average value 1.29) and can be used as an empirical fluormeter to determine the F content of coexisting melts. Combined petrological and experimental studies of the Kymi equigranular topaz granite indicate that plagioclase was the liquidus phase at nearly water-saturated (fluid-saturated) conditions and that the F content of the melt was at least 2 wt%. The mean F content of natural biotite (3.92 wt%) suggests that the late-stage crystallization of biotite occurred in melts containing about 3 wt% F. The early crystallization of biotite and the presence of muscovite in our experiments at 200 MPa contrasts with the late-stage crystallization of biotite and the absence of muscovite in the natural assemblage, indicating that crystallization pressure may have been lower than 200 MPa for the granite. Electronic supplementary material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at and is accessible for authorized users.     

The pink topaz-bearing calcite, quartz, white mica veins from Ghundao Hill (North West Frontier Province, Pakistan): K/Ar age, stable isotope and REE data

Summary In the area of the Ghundao Hill (Northern Frontier Province, Pakistan) an orange-yellow to cherry-red topaz is found in calcite, quartz, white mica veins crosscutting the schistosity of probably Silurian to Devonian gray limestones. Topaz with such a range of colours is traded as Imperial Topaz. Low fluorine contents of about 15 wt.%, oxygen isotope thermometry, K/Ar age determination on white mica, fluid inclusion data and mineral textures indicate that the topaz from Ghundao Hill crystallized at temperatures of about 230 °C during the Eocene Himalayan tectonothermal event and not from a late to postmagmatic granite-related fluid. The pink Topaz from Ghundao Hill shares the coexistence with carbonates, low fluorine content and a crystallization at low temperature and pressure during a regional tectonothermal event with the Imperial Topaz from Ouro Preto (Brazil) and from the Sanarka/Kamenka rivers (South Urals, Russia). The efficiency of topaz to remove fluorine from fluids at low temperature explains how topaz can be formed from metamorphic fluids that are typically poor in fluorine. High CO₂ activity produced in the fluids by metamorphic decarbonatisation reactions and Al buffering by white mica prevented fluorination of carbonates stabilising topaz relative to fluorite.