福建明溪锆石的改色研究

福建明溪的锆石以灰褐色为多，通过热处理可将其改成浅蓝色或无色。本文讨论了热处理的温度、时间、氧化还原条件以及样品的性质对热处理结果的影响，认为热处理的温度过高过低，时间过长都不利于锆石颜色的改善，交替改变氧化还原条件，锆石颜色的改变可逆。在相同的热处理条件下，不同样品的改色效果不同。在此研究基础上提出了锆石的“二步法”改色工艺，并对改色结果的稳定性和热处理对锆石性质的影响进行了评估。     

刚玉的铍扩散处理实验研究

铍扩散处理是一种较新的刚玉处理方法,目前在国内还未见相关的实验研究报道。运用类质同象替代原理与扩散原理,以焰熔法合成无色刚玉和山东天然蓝宝石为实验对象,在一定的温度环境下,加入适量的BeO或金属Be粉末及其它添加剂,进行了铍扩散处理实验。实验结果显示,样品的颜色色调及浓度有明显的改善,表明铍扩散处理可以使样品的颜色变为粉红色、黄色和橙红色,也可以使山东天然蓝宝石样品的颜色变浅。     

MPV-3显微光度计在宝石学中的应用

简述ＭＰＶ－３显微光度计的特点,阐述了有色宝石颜色评价的理论基础和方法,以四川平武无色绿柱石,山东昌乐蓝宝石的颜色评价和改色实验效果评价以及不同成因的天然红工 光性研究为例,论述了ＭＰＶ３显微光度计在宝石颜色评价、改色效果判定、红宝石定名和品种鉴别等方面的应用。     

山东昌乐锆石的宝石学特征及化学成分研究

在实地考察和分析前人资料的基础上,简要地介绍了山东昌乐锆石的产出特征。通过常规的宝石学测试方法、X-射线荧光光谱分析和激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（LA-ICP-MS）对该地区锆石的物理性质、内外部特征及化学成分进行了研究。结果表明,该地区锆石粒度较大,整体透明度较好,颜色呈深浅不一的褐色,以深褐色为主;主要由ZrO2和SiO2组成,微量元素主要有Fe,Ti,P,Sc,Ni等杂质元素,还有部分放射性元素和稀土元素;放射性元素主要为U和Th,Th/U比值均大于0.4（1个数据例外）;稀土元素以富钇族元素为特征,富集HREE,明显的Ce正异常（2～13）,微弱的Eu负异常（0.69～0.76）。另外,昌乐锆石放射性核素的放射性比活度非常低。综合特征表明,昌乐锆石是一种具有利用价值的宝石资源。     

中国北方沙漠/沙地锆石形态特征及其对物源的指示

单颗粒锆石的形态、颜色等特征记录了其母岩结晶过程的温度、压力、结晶介质的化学性质等信息,鉴定不同沙漠/沙地碎屑锆石的晶体形态特征可以指示沉积物的原岩类型,进而可以帮助追溯物源.本文分析了中国北方塔克拉玛干沙漠、巴丹吉林沙漠、腾格里沙漠、毛乌素沙地、浑善达克沙地、科尔沁沙地等6个沙漠/沙地36个地表样品的碎屑锆石形态特征.结果显示,同一沙漠/沙地样品锆石形态特征较为一致,而不同沙漠/沙地样品锆石形态有差异.塔克拉玛干沙漠锆石多为无色或淡紫色,包裹体较少,锆石颗粒锥面较发育,短柱状锆石含量较多,指示该沙漠物质主要来自其北缘天山山脉早中生代碱性花岗岩.巴丹吉林沙漠和腾格里沙漠锆石形态特征较类似,相比较而言巴丹吉林沙漠锆石多为淡粉色,形态上锥面较发育,较少见到包裹体;而腾格里沙漠锆石颗粒细长柱较多和含包裹体颗粒较多,这两个沙漠物质可能来自其南部中央造山带的变质岩和其北缘中亚造山带早中生代碱性花岗岩.毛乌素沙地多为深色、锥面发育和短柱状颗粒锆石较常见,含包裹体颗粒较多,该沙地物质主要来自其西北孔兹岩带以及北部阴山山脉碱性花岗岩.浑善达克沙地锆石形态似毛乌素沙地,指示其物源与毛乌素沙地类似.科尔沁沙地锆石磨蚀严重,扁柱状锆石颗粒较常见,指示该沙地物质大部分来自其南缘燕山山脉的显生宙浅海沉积岩.本研究表明碎屑锆石形态特征可以指示沙漠或沙地沉积物的源区.     

山东昌乐蓝宝石的颜色成因与优化

本文对昌乐蓝宝石进行了大量的颜色指数测量。各样品的主波长虽多落在蓝紫—蓝—蓝绿区,但其纯度均很低,以致肉眼观察十分暗淡,近乎黑色。蓝宝石的颜色主要由全铁含量和Fe~(2+)/Fe~(3+)值决定。随Fe~(2+)含量的增多,蓝宝石的颜色由黄逐渐变为蓝紫色。热处理难以改变蓝宝石中全铁的含量,但可使不同价态铁的含量发生改变。昌乐蓝宝石中全铁含量太高,通常热处理效果不很理想。     

自然演化碎屑锆石裂变径迹长度影响因素分析

锆石裂变径迹长度是锆石裂变径迹热年代学研究的一个重要参数。基于不同热背景的沉积盆地样品实测数据,分析锆石裂变径迹的退火行为,探讨锆石裂变径迹长度的影响因素。研究表明,Sk1井样品的裂变径迹长度和径迹与结晶C轴夹角之间具有一定的负相关性,即夹角愈小,径迹长度愈长;反之,夹角愈大,径迹长度愈短。Sk1井样品径迹与结晶C轴夹角主要分布在10°～70°,整体分布较随机;而Ku1井样品多分布于高角度（60°～90°）,整体分布不随机。Sk1井锆石裂变径迹在沉积盆地开始退火温度为220℃,深层样品的平均径迹长度为5.02～5.55μm;Ku1井锆石裂变径迹在沉积盆地开始退火温度为170℃,深层样品的平均径迹长度为8.06～8.31μm,高温热背景下Sk1井的锆石裂变径迹开始受到沉积盆地影响的温度高于Ku1井。研究认为锆石裂变径迹在不同热背景下的开始退火温度和退火行为产生的差异是由盆地不同的增温速率导致的。Sk1井的中浅层样品平均径迹长度范围为5.85～8.36μm,Ku1井中浅层样品平均径迹长度为9.21～10.05μm。2口井中浅层样品的最小年龄大于地层年龄,表明未受到沉积盆地的影响,缩短的径迹...     

水晶类宝石的热释光特征及其宝石学意义

利用组装的热释光光谱测量装置测试了天然与合成无色水晶、茶晶和紫晶样品的热释光,分析对比了其热释光图谱。结果显示,天然无色水晶样品有较弱的热释光特征,合成无色水晶样品无热释光,两者加热后颜色皆无明显变化;天然茶晶样品无热释光,加热后颜色不改变,合成茶晶样品的热释光强烈,其图谱清晰,加热后茶色退为无色,但如仅加热120S,则仍为茶色;天然紫晶样品无热释光,合成紫晶样品有热释光,加热后颜色均无变化。结果表明,热释光对解决珠宝鉴定中的某些疑难问题具有独到的作用。     

锆石的结构与化学稳定性 :核废料处置矿物类比物研究

锆石可作为核废料处置矿物类比物的重要矿物 ,近年来对此开展了大量的研究。在综合前人研究成果的基础上 ,文中对天然锆石遭受放射性照射所导致的晶格破坏、蜕晶质化以及锆石在各种热液条件下的稳定性、表面反应特性等几个方面进行了总结研究 ,特别是对各种热液条件下锆石的溶解动力学及元素传质进行全面讨论 ,进一步阐明了锆石作为核废料处置矿物类比物的优越性 ,指出今后一方面应着重对锆石的放射性破坏机制及蜕晶质化过程中的元素扩散、迁移和聚集进行系统的研究 ,另一方面着重研究不同变质程度锆石的淋滤机制和不同条件下淋滤溶液 (不同 pH值、无机溶液组分、有机溶液等 )对锆石中各种元素的影响。     

方解石中CO_3~(3-)分子轨道能量计算及其对方解石染色的作用

一、引言方解石(CaCO_3)是一种重要1光学材料。天然方解石常带有黄色或茶黄色。某些人工合成或天然的无色透明方解石,在X射线或γ射线辐照下,也常呈浅黄色。方解石的颜色常影响其使用价值。技术上怎样消除这些颜色成为一项急待解决的问题。为了能有效地退除方解石的颜色,有必要从理论上阐明它的染色机理。     

福建明溪锆石的呈色机理研究

设计了一套热处理和辐照处理方法对福建明溪锆石进行处理，使之呈浅蓝色，并采用紫外一近红外吸收分光光度计对锆石的颜色及其变化进行了分析，探讨了锆石的呈色机理。分析表明，明溪锆石的褐色是由色心引起的。漂亮的浅蓝色是由Fe^2 和Fe^3 之间的电荷转移产生的。     

海南宝石级红锆石的组成及某些谱学特征研究

本研究中,采用电子探针、中子活化、红外和顺磁共振等手段,系统测定了海南砂矿中的宝石级红锆石。得出结论,宝石级红锆石纯度很高,是典型的晶质而并非变生晶体。 红锆石的红、红褐色,是由于480—500nm范围的色心吸收引起。该色心的形成与红锆石中的U、Th和REE含量有关。Fe~(3+)造成红锆石的黄色。室温下测出的7条ESR精细结构谱线属于Gd~(3+)的。而同时得出的超精细结构谱线由空穴心造成。     

U–Pb Ages for Zircon Grains from Nsanaragati Alluvial Gem Placers: Its Correlation to the Source Rocks

The Mamfe Basin is located in the SW of Cameroon and is an extension of the much bigger Benue Trough in the SE of Nigeria. Along the Asenem River and its tributaries in the western part of the Mamfe Basin (close to the border with Nigeria) gem placers yielding big zircon grains were found in recent river sediments close to Nsanaragati. In order to determine the source area and to establish a possible correlation between the zircons found in the Nsanaragati placers and rocks surrounding the Mamfe Basin 56 detrital zircon grains were analysed regarding their U–Pb ages and selected trace element contents by LA‐ICP–MS techniques. Possible source areas are rocks from the Benue Trough in the West and from the Cameroon Volcanic Line (CVL) in the SE of the study area. Based on microscopic analyses it was possible to distinguish two groups of zircons: reddish and non‐reddish ones, where the latter group comprises color variations from brown to orange, yellow to even colorless. In general, the detrital zircons show high hafnium values (4576 to 12565 ppm) and very variable thorium (7.8 to 1565 ppm) and uranium values (13.4 to 687 ppm). The Th/U ratios vary from 0.4 to 2.3, allowing correlations for some zircon grains to kimberlitic, granitic or syenitic affinities. It was also possible to distinguish zircon grains crystallised in mafic mantle‐derived melts from those crystallised in felsic melts, e.g. from continental rift‐related magmatic systems. In general, the U–Pb zircon ages obtained range from 11.7 to 1949 Ma. All zircons of the reddish group yielded almost similar ages resulting in a Concordia age of 12.4 Ma (Serravallian), an age unknown from the Mamfe Basin so far. The group of non‐reddish zircons showed various ages ranging from Serravallian to Orosirian. It was possible to correlate the youngest ages with rocks known from intrusions along the CVL, dated with K/Ar or Ar/Ar methods. The most probable sources were Mount Bamenda and Mount Bambouto in the east of the Mamfe Basin. Cretaceous ages are interpreted as re‐recycled clastic sediments whose original source had been rocks in the south and the north of the Benue Trough and who had been eroded and deposited within the catchment area of the Asenem river system in the Mamfe Basin in post‐Cretaceous times. The oldest ages are assumed to represent the pan‐African and pre‐pan‐African basement of the Mamfe basin.     

Integration of zircon color and zircon fission-track zonation patterns in orogenic belts: application to the Southern Alps, New Zealand

An exhumed crustal section of the Mesozoic Torlesse terrane underlies the Southern Alps collision zone in New Zealand. Since the Late Miocene, oblique horizontal shortening has formed the northeastern–southwestern trending orogen and exhumed the crustal section within it. On the eastern side, rocks are zeolite- to prehnite–pumpellyite-grade greywacke; on the western side rocks, they have the same protolith, but are greenschist to amphibolite facies of the Alpine Schist. Zircon crystals from sediments in east-flowing rivers (hinterland) have pre-orogenic fission-track ages (>80 Ma) and are dominated by pink, radiation-damaged grains (up to 60%). These zircons are derived from the upper 10 km crustal section (unreset FT color zone) that includes the Late Cenozoic zircon partial annealing zone; both fission tracks and color remain intact and unaffected by orogenesis. Many zircon crystals from sediments in west-flowing rivers (foreland) have synorogenic FT ages, and about 80% are colorless due to thermal annealing. They have been derived from rocks that originally lay in the reset FT color zone and the underlying reset FT colorless zone. The reset FT color zone occurs between 250 and 400 °C. In this zone, zircon crystals have color but reset FT ages that reflect the timing of orogenesis.     

中甸春都铜矿区岩体成岩时代及地质意义

春都斑岩铜矿床位于中甸铜多金属成矿带的西带南段,矿区主要出露由闪长玢岩和花岗闪长斑岩组成的复式岩体,后者呈岩枝或岩脉产于闪长玢岩体中,并与斑岩铜矿有密切成因关系。本文应用LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年方法,对闪长玢岩以及花岗闪长斑岩的锆石进行年代学研究。结果表明:岩石中的锆石颗粒为浅黄色-无色透明,呈正方双锥状、柱状的自形晶体,内部发育完好的韵律环带,并具较高的Th/U比值,属典型的岩浆成因锆石;主岩体——闪长玢岩体中的锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄为(212±3)Ma,成矿花岗闪长斑岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄分别为(217±2)Ma和(218±2)Ma。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄数据与地质体穿切关系的矛盾,可能与测试数据较少等因素有关。我们认为,矿区斑岩铜矿的成岩成矿时代均为晚三叠世,与义敦岛弧在237～208Ma之间发生大规模的岛弧岩浆活动相吻合。     

Insights into the Hadean Earth from experimental studies of zircon

Geologists investigate the evolution of the atmosphere, crust, and mantle through time by direct study of the rock record. However, the Hadean eon (>3.85 Ga) has been traditionally viewed as inaccessible due to the absence of preserved rocks. The discovery of >4.0 Ga detrital zircons from Western Australia in the 1980s — coupled with the development of new micro-analytical capabilities — made possible new avenues of early Earth research. The prevailing view that emerged is that the early Earth may have contained a stable hydrosphere, water-saturated or (near watersaturated) granitic magmas, and volcanic emanations dominated by neutral gas species (e.g., CO₂, H₂O, and SO₂). The Hadean Earth may have been capable of supporting life ～200 Ma after accretion and perhaps earlier. Many of these models are formulated — or have been subsequently supported — by laboratory experiments of zircon. Important petrological variables such as temperature, pressure, oxygen fugacity, and component activities (e.g., SiO₂/TiO₂-activities) can be controlled. These experiments are fundamental for extrapolation to ‘deep time’ because they provide a means to understand primary chemistry preserved in ancient zircons. This review paper specifically focuses on zircon experimental studies (oxygen isotope fractionations, Ti-thermometry, and redox sensitive element incorporation into zircon), which have influenced our view of the very early Earth.     

High abundance of early Archaean grains and the age distribution of detrital zircons in a sillimanite-bearing quartzite from Mt Narryer, Western Australia

SHRIMP U–Pb analyses are reported for a detrital zircon population from a sample of sillimanite-bearing quartzite from the Narryer sedimentary succession in the Narryer Terrane of the northwestern Yilgarn Craton. The detrital zircons define two distinctive age groups, an older group from 4000 Ga to 4280 Ma and a younger group from 3750 to 3250 Ma. The abundance of older group zircons of about 12% far exceeds the abundance of about 2% reported in the first discovery of ancient zircons in a quartzite from the Narryer metasediments, and is equivalent to the abundance of >3900 Ma zircons in metaconglomerate sample W74 from the Jack Hills, confirmed by new measurements reported in this paper. Most analyses of the Narryer and the Jack Hills detrital zircon populations are discordant. The Jack Hills zircon analyses are dominated by strong recent Pb loss whereas the Narryer zircon analyses have had a more complex history and have experienced at least one Pb loss event, possibly associated with the high-grade metamorphism at ca. 2700 Ma, and a further disturbance of the U–Pb systems during relatively recent times. Although the number of analyses is limited and many of the zircon analyses are discordant, the age distributions of the older (>3900 Ma) zircons from the Narryer and Jack Hills samples are different, suggesting a complex provenance for the ancient zircons. The distribution of ages in the younger population of Mt Narryer zircons is similar to that reported for zircons from the surrounding Meeberrie gneiss, supporting previous suggestions that zircons from the gneisses or their precursors were a major contributor to the detrital zircon suite. The younger zircon population from Jack Hills sample (W74), lacks the strong age peak from 3600 to 3750 Ma present in the Narryer zircon population, and conversely the strong zircon age group at ca. 3350–3500 Ma in the Jack Hills population is only weakly represented in the Narryer zircon population. The age distributions for the Narryer and the Jack Hills zircon populations are taken as benchmarks for comparing zircon populations from quartzite occurrences elsewhere in the Yilgarn Craton.     

Impact of hydrothermal alteration on the U-Pb isotopic system of zircons from the Fangcheng syenites in the Qinling orogen,Henan Province,China

Disturbance of the zircon U-Pb isotopic system has been investigated extensively, but mostly in lab, in the last decades. Here, we reported a field-based study on intensive sericitization, K-feldsparthization and the impacts of mylonitization on zircons from the Fangcheng syenites. The Fangcheng syenites occur in the eastern part of the Qinling orogen and consist mainly of aegirine-augite syenite, aegirine nepheline syenite, biotite syenite and hornblende nepheline syenite. Zircons from the slightly sericitized aegirine augite syenite are colorless, transparent crystals and exhibit well-developed oscillatory and sector zoning on the cathodoluminescence (CL) images which are typical of magmatic zircons from alkaline rocks. Zircon U-Pb determinations by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) showed that the syenite was formed in Neoproterozoic time, the weighted average of ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U ages is 844.3±1.6 Ma (MSWD=0.86). In contrast, the hydrothermally altered zircons (hydrothermal zircon) from the intensively sericitized, K-feldsparthized, and weakly mylonitized aegirine augite syenite are conglomerates, yellowish to brown in color, generally translucent and internally textureless. The CL and backscatter electron (BSE) images of hydrothermal zircons exhibit fractured, textureless or mosaic textures, and occasionally show “sponge texture” with the veinlets and inclusions of K-feldspar; however, relicts of magmatic oscillatory zoning can still be discerned locally in individual grains. LA-ICPMS analyses of the hydrothermal zircons demonstrated that the zircons are chemically inhomogeneous, with enhanced and widely varied Pb, U, and Th contents. The U and Th contents of the hydrothermal zircons are estimated to be 32×10⁻⁶−1550×10⁻⁶ and 188×10⁻⁶−4059×10⁻⁶, respectively, with Th/U ratios within the range of 0.7–44.9. ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U apparent ages of the hydrothermal zircons are negatively correlated with the contents of U, and radiogenic and common Pb. As the U and Th concentrations of the magmatic zircons are rather low, the α-decay doses (3.65×10¹⁴−2.04×10¹⁵ α-decay events/mg) are much lower than those at the first percolation point (3.5× 10¹⁵ a-decay events/mg), thus, Pb mobility resultant from diffusion could be safely neglected. Disturbance of the U-Pb isotopic system of zircons is most likely to be attributed to the intensive sericitization and K-feldsparthization coupled with mylonitization, the hydrothermal fluids reacted with zircons along the rims and fractures of the distorted zircon crystals, giving rise to the chemically inhomogeneous hydrothermal zircons through a series of complicated mechanisms such as dissolution-reprecipitation. The significance of the U-Pb age (the lower intercept age on the discordia U-Pb plot) of hydrothermal zircons is uncertain. We argued that interpretations of the hydrothermal zircon data as the age of hydrothermal events or hydrothermal ore-forming processes are questionable and hence cautions must be taken.     

闽西南地区紫金山岩体锆石SHRIMP定年及其地质意义

笔者通过锆石SHRIMP定年,精确厘定了紫金山岩体的成岩成矿时代.紫金山黑云母化岗岩中锆石CL图像显示锆石分为3种形态,定年结果显示这3种锆石有不同的年龄,具有不同的地质意义.第一种锆石晶形发育、具有核一边双层结构.核部的锆石呈磨网状,这类锆石为继承性锆石,年龄为1000 Ma左右;第二种锆石晶形发育良好,但是呈不完整形态,有不清晰的生长环带或者无生长环带,呈现岩浆锆石的特征,年龄为168±4 Ma(n=13,MSWD=0.97),这一年龄应代表了岩石的结晶年龄,属于中侏罗世;第三种锆石晶形发育良好,有清晰的生长环带,这种锆石受后期改造作用,年龄为(119±15)Ma,属于早白垩世.(168±4)Ma时本区并未发生大规模的成矿事件,因此紫金山岩体主体并非含矿岩体,仅有轻微的锡矿化.紫金山花岗岩锆石SHRIMP定年的第三组年龄为(119±15)Ma是大规模成矿作用的记录,可能正是这一期的热液作用开始了本区大规模的长时期的多期次的岩浆热液作用的序幕,从而为本区铜金成矿作用奠定了基础.