德国迁都柏林过程中的地球信息技术─-祝贺陈述彭院士2000年2月14日八十华诞生日快乐

联邦德国议会1991年决定, 议会与政府核心部门在2000年前从波恩迁回柏林 ,波恩保留联邦行政管理中心的功能。为了按时准确地规划和完成落实迁都建设工程,在柏林建设国家行政办公设施和国家工作人员生活居住设施,解决波恩地区因国家机关迁离而遭受的损失,参加建设的许多部门应用了地球信息技术。文中介绍了“柏林房地产信息系统”,“联邦议会与政府核心区建设信息系统”,“物业管理信息系统”,“波恩地区经济地理信息系统”以及地球信息技术在交通和环境管理中的应用。     

语义约束的RVT模型到CityGML模型的转换方法

建筑信息模型(BIM)与地理信息系统(GIS)集成,不仅使得精细化的三维模型得到极大重用,同时两者的数据集成和共享可实现从几何到物理和功能特性的多尺度综合表达,已经成为新一代数字城市三维建模的关键途径之一。本文选取典型的BIM模型数据格式(RVT),提出语义约束的RVT模型到City GML模型的转换方法,以BIM模型丰富的语义信息为约束实现几何简化及转换,同时实现了几何部件与语义信息的一一映射及语义输出,并以建筑模型、暖通、桥梁模型为例进行了验证。     

地学关联规则与时空推理的渔业分析应用

在阐述地学关联规则背景的同时,对地学关联规则作了分类:即空间特征规则、空间区别规则、空间关联规则和时空关联规则。并给出了时空关联规则的数学定义,分析了各指标的意义和对规则提取的影响。进一步对地学关联规则所处理的数据抽象层次、地学数据维数、变量类别和空间配置四方面,进行了剖析和分类。基于规则中数据的抽象层次,将其分为单层关联规则和跨层关联规则;基于规则中涉及到的地学数据维数,将其分为单维关联规则和多维关联规则;基于规则中处理变量的类别,将其分为布尔型和数值型;基于空间配置,将其分为局部关联规则和邻域关联规则。最后,结合海洋渔业的实例,论述了关联规则在时空推理过程中的步骤和方法。     

The roles of serine protease, intracellular and extracellular phenoloxidase in activation of prophenoloxidase system, and characterization of phenoloxidase from shrimp haemocytes induced by lipopolysaccharide or dopamine

We investigated the effects of lipopolysaccharide(LPS) and dopamine(DA) on the activation of the prophenoloxidase(proPO) system of Litopenaeus vannamei.LPS and DA were shown with a negative dose-dependent effect on hyalne cells(HC),semi-granular cells(SGC),large granular cells(LGC),and total haemocyte count(THC).When haemocytes were treated with LPS or DA,serine proteinase activity and intracellular phenoloxidase(PO) activity were significantly reduced,but extracellular PO activity increased significantly.These findings indicated that the reduction in haemocyte counts was mainly because of the degranulation and activation of the proPO system from semi-granule and large granule cells.The PKC inhibitor,chelerythrine,and the TPK inhibitor,genistein,had an inhibitory effect on extracellular PO activity,while serine proteinase and intracellular PO activity increased.This suggests that the LPS and DA induce the activation of proPO in haemocytes via PKC and TPK-related signaling pathways,but serine proteinase may be activated only by PKC,as the genistein effects were not statistically significant.Electrophoresis analysis revealed that POs induced by LPS or DA have the same molecular mass and high diphenolase activity.Two PO bands at 526 kDa and 272 kDa were observed in PAGE,while in the haemocyte lysate supernatant(HLS),only a 272-kDa band was observed.This band was resolved after SDS-PAGE under non-reducing and reducing conditions into two groups of POs,166 kDa and 126 kDa,and 78.1 kDa and 73.6 kDa,respectively,suggesting that PO in L.vannamei is an oligomer,which may have different compositions intra-and extracellularly.     

基于ANN-CA模型的土壤侵蚀时空演化分析

土壤侵蚀是中国乃至世界的主要环境问题之一。到目前为止,应用于土壤侵蚀研究的模型仅仅能够做一些事后的预报,并不能实现真正意义的土壤侵蚀预报,更不能反映土壤侵蚀的时空演化规律。本研究利用元胞自动机强大的空间动态模拟功能,建立了土壤侵蚀的元胞自动机模型,实现了对研究区2010年土壤侵蚀类型的空间预测,从微观的元胞状态的变化,反映了研究区土壤侵蚀的宏观变化规律。利用2000年计算出的土壤侵蚀强度类型与模拟的2000年土壤侵蚀强度类型对比,评价了土壤侵蚀强度预测的准确率,并对准确率相对较低的类型分析了原因,增加各个土壤侵蚀类型的训练样本,改进土壤侵蚀强度类型的分类标准,将大大提高ANN- CA模型的精度。同时指出,本研究建立的模型可以推广到其他土壤侵蚀区的预测研究。     

基于CNGI的政府地理信息系统建设与应用技术研究

介绍了我国首个基于CNGI的地理信息系统移植和建设情况,针对CNGI与IPv6的技术特点开展了新的地理信息应用技术研究,并以政府地理信息系统"地学之窗"为基础开发了GIS应用示范系统,为下-代网络环境下地理信息系统技术开发和应用建设奠定了一系列技术基础.     

基于BEMD分解的地貌分类研究

地貌是指地势高低起伏的变化,即地表的形态。地貌划分对气温、降水、太阳辐照等诸多应用领域都有着重要作用。本文选择空间分辨率为90 m的福建省的数字高程模型(DEM)数据作为地理信号,运用二维经验模态分解(BEMD)进行分解处理,得到多个具有不同尺度、不同物理意义的本征模函数(BIMF1-BIMF3)以及对应余量ORIG。这些BIMF分量对应不同尺度的微观地形,ORIG余量表现为该研究区的地貌分布趋势,体现了平原、丘陵与山地的大致分布区域。运用变点分析法确定最佳计算单元,利用地形起伏度对各个信号区域进行一级分类,依据绝对高度进行二级分类,最后将一级分类与二级分类相结合,实现对地形的分类,这一分类过程体现了研究地区地貌组合复杂的特征。结果表明:①叠加BIMF分量,提取出分量和大于74 m的区域为高频信号区域。该区域以小起伏度的低山为主,并伴随有丘陵和小起伏度中山。②ORIG余量中余量高度小于等于340 m的区域,去除其中包含的高频信号区域后为低频信号区域,该区域以平原、丘陵为主。③剩余区域定义为中频信号区域,该区域的地貌以平丘陵和小起伏的山地为主。研究成果表明福建地貌可分为7种主要类型:低频平原,低频丘陵,中频丘陵,高频丘陵,中频小起伏低山,高频小起伏低山,高频小起伏中山。     

壬基酚对罗氏沼虾血清中免疫酶活力的影响

将罗氏沼虾(Macrobrachium rosenbergii)在0.1、0.2、0.4 mg/L的壬基酚中暴露48 h,检测壬基酚对罗氏沼虾血清中部分免疫酶活力的影响。结果表明:高剂量壬基酚组(0.4 mg/L)的罗氏沼虾血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力在前期受到明显抑制(p<0.05),24 h后各剂量组血清SOD活力转为促进,中、高剂量组的SOD活力显著高于对照组(p<0.05);中、低剂量组血清中酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活力均受到抑制,其中12 h低剂量组血清ACP活力显著降低(p<0.05),高剂量组则表现为先促进后抑制的效应;各剂量组血清碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活力先受到抑制后转为促进,48 h中、低剂量组血清AKP活力显著高于对照组(p<0.05)。     

BIM与GIS集成的建筑物间距规划审批方法

建筑物间距规划方案审批是工程质量管理中的重要步骤,传统的规划审批方案以二维CAD线划数据为基础,其在数据完整性和可视化表达方面存在明显的局限性。BIM丰富的几何语义信息和3D GIS良好的数据管理与可视化分析能力为建筑规划审批提供了更为可靠的解决方案。本文设计实现了将典型BIM数据(revit数据格式)几何及其语义集成到3D GIS的技术方案,并开发了BIM与GIS集成的建筑间距自动化审批功能,为三维环境下建筑规划审批提供了更有效与可靠的技术支撑。     

东莫扎抓矿区物探方法的综合应用效果

地表覆盖较厚的矿区,用激电方法寻找金属硫化物矿体具有其他方法所不可替代的优势,通过交、直流激电方法的综合应用实例,说明了综合方法的优越性。因此,选取适当的方法和多种装置,可以获得良好的找矿效果。     

Using Statistical Learning Algorithms in Regional Landslide Susceptibility Zonation with Limited Landslide Field Data

Regional Landslide Susceptibility Zonation(LSZ) is always challenged by the available amount of field data, especially in southwestern China where large mountainous areas and limited field information coincide. Statistical learning algorithms are believed to be superior to traditional statistical algorithms for their data adaptability. The aim of the paper is to evaluate how statistical learning algorithms perform on regional LSZ with limited field data. The focus is on three statistical learning algorithms, Logistic Regression(LR), Artificial Neural Networks(ANN) and Support Vector Machine(SVM). Hanzhong city, a landslide prone area in southwestern China is taken as a study case. Nine environmental factors are selected as inputs. The accuracies of the resulting LSZ maps are evaluated through landslide density analysis(LDA), receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curves and Kappa index statistics. The dependence of the algorithm on the size of field samples is examined by varying the sizes of the training set. The SVM has proven to be the most accurate and the most stable algorithm at small training set sizes and on all known landslide sizes. The accuracy of SVM shows a steadilyincreasing trend and reaches a high level at a small size of the training set, while accuracies of LR and ANN algorithms show distinct fluctuations. The geomorphological interpretations confirm the strength of SVM on all landslide sizes. Our results show that the strengths of SVM in generalization capability and model robustness make it an appropriate and efficient tool for regional LSZ with limited landslide field samples.     

Single nucleotide polymorphisms in intron 1 and intron 2 of Larimichthys crocea growth hormone gene are correlated with growth traits

The growth hormone gene (GH) affects animal growth and is a potential target for genetic studies of variation related to growth traits. In this study, we analyzed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in GH intron regions and their associations with growth traits in large yellow croaker, Larimichthys crocea, from Zhejiang and Fujian stocks. The results of PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism showed two haplotypes of intron 1, named AA and AB genotypes, in Zhejiang stock. AB exhibited an SNP at position 196 (G A) that was negatively correlated with body height and positively correlated with standard length/body height (P 0.05). Two different genotypes, CC and CD, were identified in intron 2 in Fujian stock, with CD showing an SNP at position 692 (T C). The CD genotype had a significantly positive correlation with both weight and total length (P 0.01). These basic data highlight the potential for using GH as a genetic marker of fish growth in marker assisted selection.     

基于CUDA的地表水动态模拟并行方法

如何高效地动态监测、模拟和预测地表水过程是防灾减灾中亟待解决的问题,也是科学化的国土整治、区域规划、环境保护和水资源管理的基础。因此,本文利用统一计算设备架构(CUDA)对基于不规则三角网(TIN)的地表水动态模拟算法进行并行化改进,提出了一种基于CUDA的地表水动态模拟并行方法,旨在对任意时刻的地表水进行快速、高精度的动态模拟,从而满足实际的应用需求。该算法从高精度的数字高程模型(DEM)中提取地形特征点和流域线,生成受流域线约束的TIN。在此基础上,根据TIN表面的三角面坐标数据获取水流方向,再结合任意位置的降雨源点追踪得到流水线网络。基于曼宁公式,利用流水线流速计算核函数得到每条流水线上雨滴的流速,结合预设的时间,利用汇流量统计核函数得到该时刻的地表汇流量。具体的并行化过程包括数据的传输,CUDA中线程的划分和流水线流速计算核函数和汇流量统计核函数的实现。本文选取位于加拿大新布伦瑞克西北部的BBW(Black Brook Watershed)流域作为实验样区,将该算法与改进前的方法进行对比表明,该模型在保持精度的同时,大幅提高了模拟效率,加速比达到11.2;另外,通过与SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)模型进行对比,结果表明,该并行方法的Nash系数提高了88%,相关系数提高了5%。     

PP333对花生品质的影响

为了验证 PP333对花生品质的影响 ,在花生始花后 30～ 35d,用不同浓度的 PP333对花生进行叶面喷施。结果表明 ,四种浓度的 PP333都能提高花生种仁的糖、脂肪和蛋白质的含量 ,各指标物质的变化具有一致性 ,并以 10 0 mg·L-1PP333的作用效果最强 ,对糖分的影响最大     

基于DTU的加速度强振动记录终端的设计

设计基于DTU的强振记录终端,采用SOC系列C8051F015型单片机对MEMS加速度计的输出信号进行A/D转换,监测待测体所经受的强振加速度值,并通过DTU内嵌的GPRS无线网络通讯方式将数据发送到远程数据中心.该系统具有体积小,安装与操作方便,免维护等特性.     

BIM模型到多细节层次GIS模型转换方法

BIM精细化三维模型中的数据是三维GIS重要的数据来源,然而两者数据模型在几何和语义上差异是阻碍BIM与GIS集成应用的重要问题。IFC与City GML分别为BIM和三维GIS领域最通用的标准数据模型,当前的数据转换工具虽然可有效地将IFC数据转为City GML数据,但还是难以顾及到City GML所有的LOD层级,存在信息丢失和几何不准确的问题。本文通过分析IFC数据模型与City GML模型中所有的建筑构件类型以及其关联的语义信息,分别建立IFC数据模型到City GML各层级的映射模型,描述了一种从BIM模型到多层次细节GIS模型的完整转换方法。并通过具体的实验数据进行了验证,保证数据转换方法的正确性以及稳健性。     

非组合PPP算法估计天顶对流层延迟及精度分析

为提高天顶对流层延迟的估计精度和可靠性,利用非组合精密单点定位(UPPP)模型估计了WUHN和BJFS站的天顶对流层延迟,将结果与传统的精密单点定位(PPP)模型的计算结果进行对比,结果表明:UPPP计算的天顶对流层延迟的内符合精度为2.75 mm,偏差为0.19 mm,该结果与IGS产品一致,外符合精度分别为8.58 mm,6.51 mm;以IGS的高精度对流层产品为真值,传统PPP模型和非组合PPP模型估计ZTD的精度(STD)分别为7.7 mm和5.9 mm;UPPP方法不仅在精度上和传统PPP方法保持相当甚至更高的精度,而且它还提供电离层产品以减弱噪声影响,提高数据利用率。     

贝类精子质量检测与评价方法的研究Ⅴ:栉江珧精子线粒体活性的荧光检测

采用罗丹明123(Rh123)和碘化丙啶(PI)两种荧光染料对栉江珧(Atrina pectinata)精子线粒体活性进行检测,比较不同染液浓度和染色时间的检测效果,并用该方法检测和比较超低温冷冻保存对线粒体活性的影响。结果显示:Rh123和PI染色的最适染液浓度均为10μg/mL,染色时间控制在10 min之内;染色后具有线粒体活性的精子发出绿色荧光,死精子发出红色荧光,质膜受损但线粒体还未受损的精子发出红绿色荧光,表明Rh123和PI双荧光染色检测栉江珧精子线粒体活性是可行的;精液经冷冻后,线粒体活性为61.9%、质膜完整率56.8%,显著低于新鲜精液组(95.3%、93.5%),表明冷冻对精子结构会造成不同程度的损伤,Rh123和PI双荧光染色法可用来检测栉江珧精子质量。     

Production of DMS and DMSP in different physiological stages and salinity conditions in two marine algae

Dimethylsulfide(DMS) and dimethylsulfoniopropionate(DMSP) production by Scrippsiella trochoidea and Prorocentrum minimum was investigated to characterize the effects of physiological stage and salinity on DMS and DMSP pools of these two marine phytoplankton species.Axenic laboratory cultures of the two marine algae were tested for DMSP production and its conversion into DMS.The results demonstrated that both algal species could produce DMS,but the average concentration of DMS per cell in S.trochoidea(12.63 fmol/L) was about six times that in P.minimum(2.01 fmol/L).DMS and DMSP concentrations in algal cultures varied significantly at different growth stages,with high release during the late stationary growth phase and the senescent phase.DMS production induced by three salinities(22,28,34) showed that the DMS concentrations per cell in the two algal cultures increased with increasing salinity,which might result from intra-cellular DMSP up-regulation with the change of osmotic stress.Our study specifies the distinctive contributions of different physiological stages of marine phytoplankton on DMSP and DMS production,and clarifies the influence of salinity conditions on the release of DMS and DMSP.As S.trochoidea and P.minimum are harmful algal bloom species with high DMS production,they might play an additional significant role in the sulfur cycle when a red tide occurs.     

Perception and attitudes of local communities towards wild elephant-related problems and conservation in Xishuangbanna,southwestern China

The problem of wild elephants, or human-elephant conflict (HEC), influences the daily life of local communities and hinders the conservation of wild elephants.The perception and attitudes of local communities who inhabited the frontiers between human activities and wild elephant movement are important to the mitigation of the HEC and conservation of wild elephants. To analyze the perception and attitudes of local communities, the Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) was used in the investigation of 423 interviewees from 22 villages in Xishuangbanna from July 2009 to February 2010. The results indicated that local communities had their views on the elephant-related problems. In field survey, we found that 66.5% of interviewees were willing to support, participate in, and assist in the conservation of wild elephants;33.5% of interviewees were opposed or indifferent to such conservation, because their livelihoods and even their lives were endangered by wild elephants. These views and attitudes were influenced by local communities′perception of HEC, education level, gender and self-interest. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the diverse views among local communities and balance profits and costs in addressing HEC.