我国海滨旅游开发的战略思考

本文站在战略的层面,对我国海滨旅游开发的背景意义进行了详细分析,并根据我国海滨旅游资源的分布和组合,结合考虑区域问海滨旅游资源相似性、经济条件、区位条件、客源市场等因素,提出了我国海滨旅游开发的空间布局结构。最后针对我国海滨开发实践过程中的一些问题,为我国海滨旅游开发给出了几点战略措施,旨在对我国海滨旅游的开发有所借鉴。     

中国入境旅游热点城市知名度认知的空间相关性

 旅游知名度是游客旅游决策的主控影响因素之一,也是旅游目的地获取潜在客源的重要手段。以我国入境旅游热点城市知名度为研究内容,从入境游客认知视角,在大样本入境游客实证调查资料的支持下,运用Moran指数和相关性检验,分析了我国入境旅游热点城市知名度认知的空间相关性,检验结果显示：我国入境旅游热点城市知名度认知具有正向空间自相关属性,其空间分布特征具有明显的类型与等级差异。相关性检验结果显示：入境旅游热点城市知名度认知存在地域相邻高度相关;沿海入境旅游热点城市知名度认知存在高度相关;入境旅游热点城市知名度认知具有明显的类型或等级相关;国际焦点关注的入境旅游热点城市认知与其它城市之间存在高度相关。     

基于可达性技术的长江三角洲旅游区划

区划一直是地理学的核心研究领域,本文以长江三角洲为例,尝试探讨新时期下基于GIS技术的旅游区划分方法。以可达性空间表达技术为基础,通过对旅游点、线要素的相对系统分类,分别对所有A级景区、4A级以上景区和县级城镇、地级及其以上城市可达性进行测算,并分别计算了各自的腹地范围。在此基础上通过对不同时间阀值下腹地范围变化的判断,进行旅游景区腹地范围的空间合并,并对各旅游景区空间分布格局特征进行深入分析,最终将长江三角洲划分为5个旅游大区、27个旅游亚区和85个旅游小区。并进一步从旅游需求和旅游供给的组合角度,对现有旅游小区发展能力进行综合评价,据此构建长江三角洲综合性旅游服务中心等级体系。     

Sedimentological, geochemical and palaeontological evidence for a neoglacial cold event during the late Holocene in the continental shelf of the northern South Shetland Islands, West Antarctica

Two sediment cores obtained from the continental shelf of the northern South Shetland Islands, West Antarctica, consist of: an upper unit of silty mud, bioturbated by a sluggish current, and a lower unit of well-sorted, laminated silty mud, attributed to an intensified Polar Slope Current. Geochemical and accelerator mass spectrometry ¹⁴C analyses yielded evidence for a late Holocene increase in sea-ice extent and a decrease in phytoplankton productivity, inferred from a reduction in the total organic carbon content and higher C : N ratios, at approximately 330 years B.P., corresponding to the Little Ice Age. Prior to this, the shelf experienced warmer marine conditions, with greater phytoplankton productivity, inferred from a higher organic carbon content and C : N ratios in the lower unit. The reduced abundance of Weddell Sea ice-edge bloom species ( Chaetoceros resting spores, Fragilariopsis curta and Fragilariopsis cylindrus ) and stratified cold-water species ( Rhizosolenia antennata ) in the upper unit was largely caused by the colder climate. During the cold period, the glacial restriction between the Weddell Sea and the shelf of the northern South Shetland Islands apparently hindered the influx of ice-edge bloom species from the Weddell Sea into the core site. The relative increases in the abundance of Actinocyclus actinochilus and Navicula glaciei , indigenous to the coastal zone of the South Shetland Islands, probably reflects a reduction in the dilution of native species, resulting from the diminished influx of the ice-edge species from the Weddell Sea. We also document the recent reduction of sea-ice cover in the study area in response to recent warming along the Antarctic Peninsula.     

闽台旅游地理差异与福建对台旅游产品开发

从旅游地理角度看，福建与台湾两省关系特殊。福建对台旅游产品开发具有重要的经济。文化和政治意义，地理差异是旅游客流的根本动力，目前，福建对台旅游产品开发还存在不尽如人意之处，应当科学地分析闽台旅游地理差异。提出合理的对策，从地理差异的角度审视闽台旅游资源，发现福建对台旅游资源界定上存在误区，森林是生态旅游资源，温泉疗养旅游资源，祖地旅游资源，民俗旅游资源等并非福建重点地台旅游资源，盲目开发这些旅游资源不能取得预期的效益，从实际地理差异出发，具有空间组合优势的自然旅游景观，祖籍地的历史文化旅游景观，祖庙宗教旅游景观等是福建重点旅游资源，从地理差异的角度审视对台旅游产品，存在产品开发误区，寻根旅游产品的市场化的程度偏低，宗教旅游产品的内涵单一，观光旅游产品缺乏特色，休闲旅游产品品位偏低，从闽台旅游地理差异的实际出发，本文提出福建对台旅游产品开发策略要提高旅游产品的历史文化含量，提高旅游产品的科学文化含量，加强旅游产品的可参与性，调整旅游产品的线路排布。     

应用旅游地理学在中国的进展

应用旅游地理学是地理学变革时期的产物,是适应旅游业的发展需要,地理学与园林、建筑、旅游等学科相互交叉、渗透的结果。应用旅游地理学研究的中心是区域旅游开发。为了完成这一任务,地理工作者应投身旅游实践中去,发挥地理学的优势,联合其他学科,在旅游开发中做出贡献。     

The possibilities for an intensification of the tourist flow from East-Asian countries to Khabarovsk krai

The main regularities of today’s outbound tourist flow from East-Asian (EA) countries have been elucidated. A relevant analysis is made from the demographic, socioeconomic, motivational and geographical perspectives.     

青藏高原史前时期交流路线及其演变

欧亚大陆史前文化交流是当前学术界研究的热点问题,尤其是“一带一路”的国家倡议提出后,青藏高原重要的地理位置确定了其在东西方文化交流中的重要地位。本文基于自然地理因子和不同时期遗址点,在最低成本的控制下实现节点间累积联结的方法,使用GIS（R语言）工具进行空间数值计算,将其结果作为史前时期（新石器—青铜时期)的交流路线。本文重建新石器时期路线27条,总距离约为6000 km;青铜时代30条,总距离约为7800 km。路线的形态由新石器时期的东北—东部—东南—西南边缘呈月牙形环绕发展至青铜时期的由边缘延伸至腹地呈网络化发展的趋势,这是由高原边缘的交流逐步演化成边缘—腹地的交流、并不断强化的表现。重建路线验证了由考古证据支持的农业、驯化动物、彩陶、青铜技术在高原的传播路线,并将其具体化。此外,明确了高原史前交流路线的发展和演变宏观上是受到气候变化的影响,同时受到种植农业技术、驯化动物的传入以及战争等多因素的综合影响。     

A geographical approach to post-flood analysis: The extreme flood event of 12 October 2007 in Calpe (Spain)

The study demonstrates the importance, in general, of adopting a geographical (integral) approach and local analysis to determine flood risk in small Mediterranean basins, where normally there is no surface runoff. At the same time, it highlights the possibilities afforded by a post-flood study. More specifically, the study seeks to identify the factors that aggravated the impact of the extreme flood event in the tourist town of Calpe (Alicante, Spain) on 12 October 2007.Our results stress the high volume of discharge that can be generated by small basins in the Mediterranean following intense rainfall events that may exceed 200 mm/day. For the 4.6 km² drainage network studied here, we calculate a maximum discharge of 143 m³/s, for a return period of 500 years. This natural risk (high potential discharge in what are usually dry basins) is exacerbated by the socio-economic transformations that have taken place along the Mediterranean coast. The expansion of urban land use has increased vulnerability to flooding in highly attractive tourist zones that are now at high risk of flooding. The municipal area recognised as presenting a class “2” qualitative vulnerability (on a scale from 1 to 6, where 1 is the most vulnerable) rose from 1% to 34% between 1956 and 2002. Changes to the basins and the traditional drainage systems in endorheic zones have also increased vulnerability to flood events. For example, the area occupied by the mouth of the main basin analysed here has fallen from 2.4 ha in 1956 to just 0.7 ha in 2002.The study’s main conclusions point to the need to introduce hydrological monitoring networks in small drainage systems in ephemeral river basins. It also stresses the importance of implementing structural actions to facilitate surface runoff discharge. In the mid-to-long term we conclude that there should be a declassification of urban land use zones at high risk of flooding. Moreover, detailed (local) studies which adopt an integral approach in their post-flood analyses should be undertaken to identify levels of flood risk and the appropriate land use regulations required.     

厦门岛城市空间扩张特征及其影响因素

Most of the world’s cities are concentrated in coastal areas. As a special geographical component of the coastal system, island urban spatial expansion is the outcome of interactions between city development and the physical environment. This paper takes Xiamen Island, located in Southeastern China, as an example to analyze island urban spatial expansion and its determinants by combining an analysis of the literature on urban development policies, urban overall plans, population growth and industrial development, with geographical information analysis using historical maps and remote sensing photographs. Firstly, we reviewed the history of the Xiamen City development during the last 100 years, which can be divided into four periods: the embryonic modern city and early development from 1908 to 1949; administrative boundary expansion and infrastructure development from 1950 to 1979; special economic zone construction and rapid urbanization from 1980 to 2003; and Bay City construction since 2003. The dynamic changes to the coastline, island shape, built-up area, transportation, administrative division, and major land use type conversion which occurred during approximately the past 100 years were analyzed and the characteristics of the island urban spatial expansion were concluded: early expansion from a central point, followed by expansion along a section of coastline, and expansion from the coastline inland. Secondly, we discussed the potential determinants of island urban spatial expansion including administrative division adjustment, urban master planning revision, industrial development, topographical factors, coastal area reclamation, transportation expansion, and population growth. Finally, the effects of each potential determinant on island urban spatial expansion were concluded. Island urban spatial expansion is the result of a synthesis of natural and socio-economic factors which are not independent but interacting. Built-up area expansion is the major driver of island land cover and land use changes. By this paper, we hope to provide a scientific reference contributing to the rational understanding of island and coastal sustainable urbanization in China, and the world beyond.     

山东省旅游经济影响因子的回归-关联分析

目前,被称为"无烟工业"的旅游业正在迅速发展,山东省地处中国的东部沿海,交通便利,旅游资源丰富,这就为山东省旅游业的发展提供了良好的基础。根据山东省2006～2010年的国内旅游收入数据,运用线性回归分析和灰色关联分析相结合的方法,选取旅游经济支持、生态环境质量、旅游交通、旅游服务、社会文明程度和居民生活水平6个方面14个指标,对影响山东省国内旅游收入的相关因素及各因素的重要程度进行了分析。结果表明,国内旅游收入与居民生活水平联系最为密切,与交通因素关联性最弱。     

江苏沿海生态旅游资源开发研究

通过对江苏沿江和沿海旅游业现状和问题的对比分析 ,论述对江苏沿海生态旅游资源重点开发的可能性和必要性。指出对江苏沿海生态旅游资源规划的思路、客源市场选择、旅游特色项目和旅游业支持系统构建的原则等。     

The Life Cycle of Caravan Parks in Australia: the case of northern New South Wales

The caravan park sub-sector of the Australian tourism accommodation industry provides at least half of the national tourism bed capacity, and in 2009 generated over A$1.1 billion in annual takings. However, the number of parks and park capacity is in decline nationally while both international and domestic demand for the drive-tourism experience is growing. This sets a trend towards an accommodation facilities shortage for the caravanning sector and exposes its vulnerability. This paper uses a case study of caravan parks in the Tweed Shire, New South Wales, Australia, to examine the life-cycle pattern of these parks as a discrete unit of tourist area development and to consider the sector's future. The sector's history is framed within Butler's (Canadian Geographer 24(1): 5–12 (1980)) concept of the tourist area life cycle (TALC). The historical data demonstrate the urban and market change that has occurred around and within caravan parks of this coastal region over almost two centuries. The pattern of caravan park development and evolution conformed to the involvement, exploration, development, consolidation and stagnation stages of the TALC. In 2011, caravan parks in the Tweed region were at a critical tipping point with potential for either decline or rejuvenation.     

呼伦贝尔—阿尔山旅游区空间组织

运用最近邻分析法研究内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔-阿尔山旅游区旅游资源的空间分布状态,并以海拉尔市和阿尔山市为中心的空间点分布集聚性更为明显的A、B两个团簇为典型研究对象,分析A、B簇区的旅游资源特征与旅游活动类型逻辑关系、旅游地边际效用和旅游活动空间行为模式,并根据建筑学剖视图原理,运用“使用者温度计量”模式分析旅游地资源特征与目标细分市场游客偏好之间的紧密程度,通过有效组织强关联度的旅游活动实现A簇区和B簇区旅游资源开发。研究表明,最近邻分析模式、旅游地边际效用分析以及“使用者温度计量”模式为区域旅游活动空间组织提供了参考依据。     

我国省域创新产出的空间特征和时空演化——基于探索性空间数据分析的实证

以我国31个省域作为空间观测单元,以专利申请受理数作为创新产出的衡量指标,对我国1997～2008年期间省域创新产出的空间分布进行了探索性空间数据分析(ESDA)。通过计算区位基尼系数和集中度指数,发现我国的创新活动显示了相当高水平的空间集中,并且这种集中程度在过去的十多年里表现出了稳定的增长趋势;对全局的Moran’s I统计分析表明:省际创新活动之间存在着显著的空间自相关(空间依赖性),证明了知识溢出的存在性和空间局限性;对局部的Moran’s I分析进一步揭示了省际创新活动水平的相关模式,Moran散点图刻画了创新活动的空间集聚模式及其时空演变态势。研究结果说明经过十几年的发展,我国省域创新活动的地域性特征十分显著。     

游客特征及偏好与区域旅游发展的响应 ——以广东省肇庆星湖风景名胜区为例

以广东省肇庆星湖风景名胜区游客群体为研究对象,通过文献梳理与实地调研相结合进行研究。结果发现:(1)星湖风景名胜区的旅游市场是高度近域化的市场,其游客主要是学生、企业职员、工人与农民等;(2)从游客总体看,星湖风景名胜区游客的选择偏好由高到低依次为自然风景、区位因素、门票价格、地域文化和其他因素,但不同特征的游客群体表现了各自相应的选择偏好;(3)游客个性特征与产品选择之间具有一定的关系,不同来源与职业的游客群体表现了不同的消费水平。     

中国内地客源赴澳门旅游的空间差异及影响因素分析

中国内地已经成长为澳门最大的客源市场。论文依据澳门入境旅游统计数据,并运用计量地理学及因子分析相关方法综合分析中国内地客源赴澳门旅游的空间差异及影响因素。研究结果显示:中国东南沿海省区仍将是澳门的主要客源地,从2011至2016年内地客源赴澳门旅游的空间均衡重心点逐渐向北-向西移动,中国内地客源市场北方省区、中西部省区游客赴澳门旅游的市场潜力不断增大,内地客源赴澳门旅游的空间集聚程度日益离散,经济发展基础及消费能力是影响中国内地客源赴澳门旅游的主要因素。     

小冰期福建海岸沙丘的沉积环境

选取福建东南沿海典型海岸沙丘——东海沙丘,运用GPR（Ground Penetrating Radar）技术探测海岸沙丘内部构造,辅助天然剖面和人工探槽观测,进行系统的年代采样与OSL（Optically Stimulated Luminescence）测年,并选择物理意义明确的粒度参数作为主要环境代用指标,获得了亚热带季风区砂质海岸带典型海岸沙丘的沉积年代和沉积结构。结果表明：（1）东海沙丘是由若干灌丛沙丘组成的横向沙丘,0～6 m主要是～0.45 ka BP以来形成的海岸风成沙丘,可以划分为～0.45 ka BP和0.22～0.12 ka BP两个阶段。（2）东海沙丘沉积过程是多因素共同作用的结果,冷干的气候环境是沙丘发育的适宜条件,入境台风频率增加可能加快了风沙的沉积过程。对比历史文献资料发现,气候异常期往往与社会动荡期、重要历史事件相对应。     

中国国内旅游流空间场效应分析

从空间场效应的角度采用因子分析法,利用1999-2003年中国国内旅游抽样调查资料,分析国内旅游流的产生、分配、集聚、扩散的基本特征以及旅游流空间网络的相关性。结果表明:(1)经济是旅游流产生的主要驱动力,旅游资源是旅游流空间分配的主要驱动力; 目前国内已形成4大旅游流产生地和5大旅游流集聚地;(2)旅游集聚场与扩散场的等级结构受市场原则作用,表现为K=3序列的空间模式;(3)旅游集聚场地域结构呈"U"型特征,而旅游扩散场呈"三级阶梯"状格局;(4)β、γ指数揭示旅游流空间网络相关性较差。今后加快长江、黄河流域旅游带以及南部沿海、北部沿海和东北旅游区等"二带三区"的旅游网络化建设,是我国推进区域旅游合作的主要方向和重点区域,是实现旅游流空间流向合理调整与流量结构优化的关键。     

游客满意度的内涵、测评及形成机理——国外相关研究综述

游客满意度是旅游管理学和旅游地理学的核心研究内容之一,因而一直是旅游研究的热点和重点。基于国内游客满意度研究在模型构建、研究方法方面存在的缺陷,采用文献分析的基本方法,重点从游客满意度内涵、形成机理、测评3个方面对国外研究成果进行系统的回顾和梳理。研究发现:基于期望视角的内涵构建是游客满意度内涵研究的主要方面;游客满意度的影响要素包括期望、感知价值、情感、感知质量、旅游地形象等多个方面,其单一或综合的作用形成游客满意度的复杂机理;游客满意度的测评方法及指标的选择受研究需求的影响和制约,形成多样化的评测结果;具有可比性的测评方法及结果的比较分析是未来研究的重要内容。