Study of coastal water zone ecosystem health in Zhejiang Province based on remote sensing data and GIS

The coastal ecosystem health assessment is a field of increasing importance. In this paper, a preliminary assessment of ecosystem health in Zhejiang coastal water zone was made, mainly based on remote sensing data and GIS technique. Its spatial and quantitative evaluation was facilitated by the progress of remote sensing and GIS technique development. Firstly, human activities, hydrology and ecosystem problems in the study area were discussed and analyzed. Secondly, from 4 aspects of human stress, physical, chemical and biological responses to anthropogenic activities and natural stress, several indicators such as water transparency (Secchi Disk Depth, SDD), suspended substance concentration, dissolved inorganic nitrogen, active phosphate, chlorophyll, harmful algae bloom, as well as distribution of sewage, sea lanes and port were employed. Thirdly, the Analytic Hierarchical Process was used for indicator weight calculation, and the ecosystem health criteria were established according to the integrative analysis of national water quality criteria, similar coastal ecosystem health research in other places or data inherent properties. The results indicated that from 2005 to 2007 the coastal water ecosystem health value in Zhejiang Province was unhealthy and needs ecological restoration by human intervention.     

Profile Method for Measuring Apparent Optical Parameters (AOP) Ⅱin Class- Waters

IntroductionTo acquire marine information by applying the satellite has become a subject of concern to the international remote-sensing community and marine community. Ocean water colour remote-sensing is to detect the content of matter in the water by using the satellite-borne optical sensors, and, among others, the water-leaving radiance is the basic physical quantity in ocean water colour remote sensing and the optical manifestation of the water pigment components. In-situ accurate acquisi…     

海水石油类物质吸收系数遥感化提取算法研究

Establishing the remote sensing algorithm of retrieving the absorption coefficient of seawater petroleum substances is an efficient way to improve the accuracy of retrieving a seawater petroleum concentration using a remote sensing technology. A remote sensing reflectance is a basic physical parameter in water color remote sensing. Apply it to directly retrieve the absorption coefficient of seawater petroleum substances is of potential advantage. The absorption coefficient of waters containing petroleum [ACWCP, a_o(λ)], consists of the absorption coefficient of pure water [ACPW, a_w(λ)], plankton [ACP, a_(ph)(λ)], colored scraps [ACCS, a_(d,g)(λ)], and petroleum substance [ACPS, a_(oil)(λ)]. Among those, ACCS consists of the absorption coefficient of nonalgal particle [ACNP, a_d(λ)] and colored dissolved organic matter [ACCDOM, a_g(λ)]. For waters containing petroleum, the retrieved ACCS using the existing method is a combination absorption coefficient of ACNP,ACCDOM and ACPA [CAC, a_(d,g,oil)(λ)]. Therefore, the principle question is how to extract ACPS from CAC.Through the analysis of the three proportion tests conducted between the year of 2013 and 2015 and the corresponding remote sensing data, an algorithm of retrieving the absorption coefficient of petroleum substances is proposed based on remote sensing reflectance. First of all, ACPS and CAC are retrieved from the reflectance using the quasi-analytical algorithm(QAA), with some parameter modified. Secondly, given the fact that the backscatter coefficient [BC, b_(bp)(555)] of total particles at 555 nm can be obtained completely from the reflectance, the relation between BC and ACNP in petroleum contaminated water can be established. As a result, ACNP can be calculated. Then, combining the remote sensing retrieving algorithm of a_g(440), the method of achieving the spectral slope of the absorption coefficient can be established, from which ACCDOM,can be calculated. Finally, ACPS can be computed as the residual. The accuracy of ACPS based on this algorithm is 86% compared with the in situ measurements.     

基于高光谱遥感的渤海海冰厚度半经验模型

Sea ice thickness is one of the most important input parameters for the prevention and mitigation of sea ice disasters and the prediction of local sea environments and climates. Estimating the sea ice thickness is currently the most important issue in the study of sea ice remote sensing. With the Bohai Sea as the study area, a semiempirical model of the sea ice thickness(SEMSIT) that can be used to estimate the thickness of first-year ice based on existing water depth estimation models and hyperspectral remote sensing data according to an optical radiative transfer process in sea ice is proposed. In the model, the absorption and scattering properties of sea ice in different bands(spectral dimension information) are utilized. An integrated attenuation coefficient at the pixel level is estimated using the height of the reflectance peak at 1 088 nm. In addition, the surface reflectance of sea ice at the pixel level is estimated using the 1 550–1 750 nm band reflectance. The model is used to estimate the sea ice thickness with Hyperion images. The first validation results suggest that the proposed model and parameterization scheme can effectively reduce the estimation error associated with the sea ice thickness that is caused by temporal and spatial heterogeneities in the integrated attenuation coefficient and sea ice surface. A practical semi-empirical model and parameterization scheme that may be feasible for the sea ice thickness estimation using hyperspectral remote sensing data are potentially provided.     

Quantitative application study on remote sensing of suspended sediment

Quantitative application on remote sensing of suspended sediment is an important aspect of the engineering application of remote sensing study.In this paper,the Xiamen Bay is chosen as the study area.Eleven different phases of the remote sensing data are selected to establish a quantitative remote sensing model to map suspended sediment by using remote sensing images and the quasi-synchronous measured sediment data.Based on empirical statistics developed are the conversion models between instantaneous suspended sediment concentration and tidally-averaged suspended sediment concentration as well as the conversion models between surface layer suspended sediment concentration and the depth-averaged suspended sediment concentration.On this basis,the quantitative application integrated model on remote sensing of suspended sediment is developed.By using this model as well as multi-temporal remote sensing images,multi-year averaged suspended sediment concentration of the Xiamen Bay are predicted.The comparison between model prediction and observed data shows that the multi-year averaged suspended sediment concentration of studied sites as well as the concentration difference of neighboring sites can be well predicted by the remote sensing model with an error rate of 21.61% or less,which can satisfy the engineering requirements of channel deposition calculation.     

Model for water pollution remote sensing based on double scattering and its application in the Zhujiang River outfall

It is a valid route for quantitatively remote sensing on water pollution to build a model according to the physical mechanisms of scattering and absorbing of suspended substance, pollutant, and molecules of water. Remote sensing model for water pollution based on single scattering is simple and easy to be used, but the precision is affected by turbidity of water. The characteristics of the energy composition of multiple scattering, are analyzed and it is proposed that, based on the model of single scattering, if the flux of the second scattering is considered additionally, the precision of the model will be remarkably improved and the calculation is still very simple. The factor of the second scattering is deduced to build a double scattering model, and the practical arithmetic for the calculation of the model is put forward. The result of applying this model in the water area around the Zhujiang(Pearl) River outfall shows that the precision is obviously improved. The result also shows that the seriously polluted water area is distributed in the northeast of Lingding Sea, the Victoria Bay ofHong Kong, and the Shengzhen Bay.     

Construction and implementation of multisource spatial data management system of China''s coastal zone and offshore

To meet the increasing demand of national spatial database infrastructure construction and application, a concept model of China‘ s coastal zone scientific data platform is established based on the information feature analysis of a compound dataset, consisting of remote sensing data and conventional data. Based on this concept model, the detailed logical database structure and the storage strategy of remote sensing data and their metadata using ArcSDE are designed. The complicated technology of multisources data combination in this research is crucial to the future coastal zone and offshore database construction and practical running, which will provide intelligent information analysis and technological service for coastal zone and offshore investigation, research, development and management.     

Spectral classification of water masses under the influence of the Amazon River plume

The large amount of dissolved and particulate material discharged by the Amazon River into the Equatorial Atlantic Ocean cause distinct spectral response of its waters as compared to the nearby ocean waters. This paper shows the application of K-means clustering algorithm for classifying water masses in the region under the Amazon River plume influence according to their spectral behavior. Salinity and temperature data from 67 oceanographic stations were related to Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) remote sensing reflectances values and the following bio-optical products:(i) chlorophyll-a concentration, (ii) water attenuation coefficient and (iii) absorption coefficient for dissolved and detrital material. Four different water masses were identified such as:(1) oceanic water, (2) intermediate oceanic water, (3) intermediate river plume water and (4) Amazon River plume water. The spectral behavior of these water masses allowed concluding that the main active optical component of the waters in the region is the colored dissolved organic matter originated mostly from the Amazon River.     

A study on remote sensing models of sea ice thickness by microwave radiometry

Extrapolating from the propagation theories of electromagnetic waves in a layered medium, a three-layer medium model is deduced in this paper by using microwave radiometric remote sensing technology which is suitable to first-year sea ice condition of the northern part of China seas. Comparison with in situ data indicates that for microwave wavelength of 10 cm, the coherent model gives a quite good fit result for the thickness of sea ice less than 20 cm, and the incoherent model also works well for thickness within 20 to 40 cm. Based on three theoretical models, the inversion soft ware from microwave remote sensing data for calculating the thickness of sea ice can be set up. The relative complex dielectrical constants of different types of sea ice in the Liaodong Gulf calculated by using these theoretical models and measurement data are given in this paper. The extent of their values is (0. 5-4. 0)-j(0. 07~0. 19).     

Reconstruction of incomplete satellite SST data sets based on EOF method

As for the satellite remote sensing data obtained by the visible and infrared bands inversion, the clouds coverage in the sky over the ocean often results in missing data of inversion products on a large scale, and thin clouds di?cult to be detected would cause the data of the inversion products to be abnormal. Alvera et al.(2005) proposed a method for the reconstruction of missing data based on an Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOF) decomposition, but his method couldn’t process these images presenting ex...     

水体石油类信息遥感提取模式研究

石油类是水体有机污染物中的一种,其对水体吸收系数的影响主要体现在有色可溶性有机物(chromophoric dissolved organic matter,CDOM)的光吸收特性上。在水色遥感领域,CDOM光吸收特性主要用其在参考波段的吸收系数和光谱斜率来表征。利用2008年5月、2009年8月和2010年6月在辽宁省盘锦市辽河油田境内获取的CDOM吸收系数、水体表观光学特性以及石油类污染浓度等试验数据,确定表征石油类污染水体CDOM吸收光谱特性的光谱斜率;根据光谱斜率以及表征CDOM浓度的440 nm参考波段吸收系数,建立遥感反演水体石油类污染浓度的模式,并利用31个野外现场实测值对模式精度进行了验证,结果表明,该模式的相对误差为7%;将该模式应用于国产卫星环境一号遥感数据,获取双台子河及辽东湾近岸水体石油类污染空间分布图。     

黄东海表观光学量与固有光学量经验模式研究

表观光学特性和固有光学特性是海洋光学研究领域的两大主要研究内容。文中通过2003年黄东海试验和2007年908专项海洋光学调查所获取的表观光学参数中的遥感反射率Rrs(λ)、水下遥感反射率rrs(λ)、海水透明度Zs、下行辐照度漫衰减系数Kd(490)、固有光学参数中的后向散射系数bb(λ)和水体吸收系数a(λ),建立了区域性、季节性的表观光学量和固有光学量之间的经验模式,并对模式进行了误差分析和改进。     

应用CDOM光学特性估算水体COD——以辽宁省盘锦市双台子河和辽东湾为例

有色可溶性有机物(chromophoric dissolved organic matter,CDOM)是水体中一类重要的光吸收物质,在水色遥感中,其光学特性主要以440 nm处的吸收系数和光谱斜率来表征,利用这些光学特性进行水环境要素遥感反演具有较广泛的应用前景.化学需氧量(chemical oxygen deman...     

水体石油类含量测量方法进展

近年来,海上石油污染呈现高频率,且污染程度和面积迅速扩大的态势,给海洋生态环境造成灾难,对污染的评估和消除迫切需要时间和空间上连续的观测数据来支撑。目前水体石油类含量测量方法主要包括仪器测量和遥感反演两种方式。国内外仪器测量主要采用紫外分光光度法、荧光分光光度法、红外分光光度法和非分散红外法,从这些方法的基本原理入手,剖析了各自特点和适用范围;利用2008—2010年在辽东湾获取的水体石油类污染分析数据,探讨了利用水体固有光学特性(吸收系数和散射系数)提取水体石油类含量信息的可行性;根据石油类物质在中红外波段的吸收特征,提出了利用中红外遥感判断水体石油类物质烃类组成成分的依据;最后对仪器测量结果和遥感模型反演结果进行现场验证的实验方案进行了合理性设计。     

黄东海海区春季半经验分析生物-光学算法研究

基于2003年4月黄东海试验获取的现场实测的水体表观光学参数和固有光学参数数据,对生物-光学半经验分析算法进行了研究。根据算法的基本原理开发了黄色物质吸收系数光谱模型等一系列经验模型,利用多元非线性最小二乘法求解、反演叶绿素a浓度,并对模型进行检验。结果表明,模型的反演值与实测值的一致性较好。     

基于GF-4卫星的杭州湾悬浮泥沙浓度遥感监测研究

悬浮泥沙作为重要水质参数，其分布和动态变化对河口及近岸的生态、环境、物质循环等都具有深远的影响。我国静止轨道高分四号(GF-4)卫星数据具有高时间和高空间分辨率的观测优势，在水色遥感上具有重大应用潜力。为探究GF-4卫星对悬浮泥沙浓度的监测能力，本文以杭州湾为研究区，构建反演模型，利用静止海洋水色成像仪进行交叉验证。结果表明，以GF-4卫星第5和第4波段遥感反射率的比值作为遥感因子建立的反演模型精度较高，决定系数为0.92，均方根误差为223.2 mg/L，平均相对误差为17.2%。交叉验证结果显示，GF-4卫星作为一种新的遥感数据源，在低浓度区与静止海洋水色成像仪反演悬浮泥沙浓度分布相似，但在高浓度区的差异随浓度增高而增大，总体可满足中国大部分海区的监测需求。     

基于分段自适应算法的浅海水深遥感反演融合模型研究

对于水深光学遥感反演研究，虽然已经建立了大量的模型方法，然而对于不同水深段，同一模型的反演精度各异，且采用单一模型进行水深反演得到的整体反演精度未必最佳。为了提高水深光学遥感反演的整体精度，本文提出一种分段自适应水深反演融合模型，模型在误差估计的基础上，结合了对数线性模型、对数转换比值模型、改进的对数转换比值模型与多调节因子模型的优势。利用模型在西沙群岛东岛开展了水深遥感反演实验，从整体反演精度、不同水深段反演精度及逐米水深精度等角度进行分析，结果表明，分段自适应融合模型的整体精度最高，平均绝对误差为1.09 m，平均相对误差达到16.06%；分水深段来看，分段自适应融合模型在多数不同水深段内的反演效果均最好；从逐米精度来看，分段自适应融合模型在大部分逐米水深段的反演能力均优于其他模型。     

基于半分析算法的赤潮水体固有光学性质反演

在珠江口海域海洋光学浮标实验期间获取了赤潮生消过程的水体光学数据和相应的生化数据.利用该实验数据开展了准分析算法(quasi-analytical algorithm,QAA)反演赤潮水体固有光学参数的精度检验和模型修正工作.(1)利用遥感反射率和QAA反演主要水色波段(412,443,490,510,560,620和...     

中国东部海域浮游植物类群遥感反演研究

浮游植物类群遥感反演能够为全面认识浮游植物在海洋生态系统中的作用提供重要的数据资料.但由于复杂的水体光学特性,近海浮游植物类群遥感反演存在着巨大挑战.本研究以复杂光学二类水体—中国东部海域为研究区,通过使用3种建模方法,即波段组合法、基于奇异值分解的多元线性回归法、基于奇异值分解的XGBoost回归法,利用遥感反射率数...     

辽东湾水体吸收系数区域性半分析反演算法

水体吸收系数是影响水体光场分布的重要参数,在水色遥感探测中受到广泛关注。本文利用2012年9月辽东湾区域航次调查数据分析该区域水体各组分吸收系数的分布情况,结果表明,辽东湾水体中浮游植物含量相对较高。并利用该航次数据,建立了区域性半分析算法,该算法基于相邻波段间固有光学量的线性关系,首先通过遥感反射率反演得到550 nm波段的水体总吸收系数,再通过后向散射波段相关关系外推得到其他波段的总吸收系数。经独立测试数据检验,3个波段(412、443、550 nm)总吸收系数反演的平均相对误差分别为19.71%,17.99%,9.35%,说明区域性半分析算法能较好地估算研究区域的水体总吸收系数。本文还通过引入随机误差对算法稳定性进行了检验,结果表明算法具有较好的稳定性。