水体石油类含量测量方法进展

近年来,海上石油污染呈现高频率,且污染程度和面积迅速扩大的态势,给海洋生态环境造成灾难,对污染的评估和消除迫切需要时间和空间上连续的观测数据来支撑。目前水体石油类含量测量方法主要包括仪器测量和遥感反演两种方式。国内外仪器测量主要采用紫外分光光度法、荧光分光光度法、红外分光光度法和非分散红外法,从这些方法的基本原理入手,剖析了各自特点和适用范围;利用2008—2010年在辽东湾获取的水体石油类污染分析数据,探讨了利用水体固有光学特性(吸收系数和散射系数)提取水体石油类含量信息的可行性;根据石油类物质在中红外波段的吸收特征,提出了利用中红外遥感判断水体石油类物质烃类组成成分的依据;最后对仪器测量结果和遥感模型反演结果进行现场验证的实验方案进行了合理性设计。

Advance in Measuring Method of Water Oil Content

In recent years,offshore petroleum pollution presents high frequency,and pollution levels and area of the rapid expansion of situation could cause disaster of the marine environment.Disaster assessment and eliminate urgently need the continuous observation data in time and space.At present the measuring method of water petroleum content mainly includes instrument measurements and remote sensing inversion.The methods used in domestic and international instruments mainly include ultraviolet spectrophotometry,fluorescence spectrophotometry,infrared spectrophotometry and non-dispersive infrared method.By analyzing the basic principles of these methods,their characteristics and scope of application were anatomized.The measured data for water petroleum pollution obtained during 2008 to 2010 year was used to explore the feasibility of the use of water inherent optical properties(absorption coefficient and scattering coefficient) to extract the water petroleum content.According to petroleum substances in the infrared absorption characteristics,the use of mid-infrared remote sensing to determine the water-oil hydrocarbon composition of the material basis was proposed.Finally a reasonable design of instrument and remote sensing model inversion result of on-site validation experiment scheme was given.