镇江市地震台RZB型分量钻孔应变仪地震记录特征与地震参数相关性分析

选取镇江市地震台RZB型分量钻孔应变仪2014年5月至2018年3月记录的全球142次地震,探讨该应变仪地震记录能力,分析震级、震中距与最大振幅之间的关系,以及地震波传播方向与四分量中振幅最大分量方位的关系。结果发现：该应变仪可记录研究时段全球发生的所有8级以上地震,理论上震级越大,记录的地震震中距越大;震级相同,震中距越大,应变仪记录的地震波最大振幅越小,拟合曲线较为符合幂函数关系;震中距相近,震级越大,应变仪记录的地震波最大振幅也越大,拟合曲线较为符合幂函数关系。偶有数据点偏离拟合曲线较远,是因为：①地震震源较深;②应变量的最大值或最小值未被记录到,量取值非实际最大和最小振幅;③有时地震波形周期难以分辨。多数地震最大振幅所在分量方向与地震传播方向基本相同。     

Simulation method of near-fault pulse-type ground motion

Introduction With the development of the economy of China, it is possible to build large-span bridges, pipelines, dams and other lifeline structures in the seismically active regions or through the active faults. In addition, some isolated and energy diss…     

近断层脉冲型地震动的模拟方法

近断层地震动的向前方向性效应和永久地面位移效应导致其速度时程表现为长周期、大峰值的速度脉冲,其位移时程表现为阶跃型脉冲. 针对这些特点,同时考虑向前方向性效应和永久地面位移效应,提出了一种简单的、连续函数形式表达的等效速度脉冲模型. 在该模型中,包含描述速度脉冲周期、峰值和形状的5个待定参数,方便了实际脉冲型地震记录的拟合及模拟. 等效速度脉冲模型只包含单一的频率成分,不能反映脉冲型地震记录的高频成分. 根据对11次地震28条地震记录的分析, 速度脉冲的频率一般小于1Hz. 因此, 在模拟脉冲型地震记录的方法中,分别模拟低频脉冲成分和高频成分,并将两者叠加生成近断层脉冲型地震动的模拟时程.      

利用独立成分分析检测2004年和2012年印度洋地震的重力变化

2004年12月苏门答腊发生M_W9.3地震,造成巨大的质量重新分布.利用GRACE卫星月重力场数据计算了研究区域地面1°×1°网格点上的重力变化时间序列,采用主成分分析和独立成分分析两种方法,提取了重力变化的空间与时间特征,结果显示震中两侧区域的重力变化呈两极分布,其中东侧重力下降,西侧重力增加.相较于传统的主成分分析方法,独立成分分析能更好地从原始信号中提取地震的信息,能分解出具有显著阶跃变化的独立成分.除了2004年的苏门答腊大地震外,独立成分分析还分解得到了2012年Andaman地震的特征,与该次地震的空间特征与时间序列基本一致.相较于适合定量分析的多项式拟合方法,独立成分分析更适合大范围区域的定性分析,建议将两种方法相结合,取长补短,从而为GRACE地震监测提供一种更为客观、有效的方法.     

六分量弹性波场数值模拟与分析

地震波传播过程中,质点的振动不仅包括三个独立的平移部分,还包括三个独立的旋转部分.本文基于一阶速度-应力弹性波方程,采用分裂完全匹配层(SPML)的吸收边界条件,推导了时间导数二阶精度和空间导数高阶精度的交错网格有限差分格式的弹性波速度与应力各分量计算公式,模拟了各向同性介质中均匀模型和层状模型下的六分量波场,并对二维各向同性层状模型下的三个分量地震记录做高分辨率线性拉东变换得到各自的频散能谱.数值模拟分析结果表明:(1)旋转分量的能量要比平动分量弱的多;(2)在平动分量上,面波能量强,频率低,反射P波能量较强,反射S波能量稍弱;在旋转分量上,反射P波能量很弱,S波能量强;(3)与平动分量相比,旋转分量的频散能谱效果更好,能看到基阶和完整的高阶面波,即旋转分量能反映更多的地下介质信息.     

1985—1990年地磁基准台站时均值数据集

北京、佘山、长春、拉萨、广州、武汉、兰州、乌鲁木齐地磁台在中国最早开始地磁观测,系统收集、清理8个地磁台在1985—1990年的历史资料,采用数码拍照和人工录入方式,实现纸质资料数字化,同时研制数据入库软件,将梳理后的数据导入“十五”数据库,并进行质量审核,实现珍贵历史资源的电子化、数据化、标准化和规范化,为数据的后续使用奠定基础。本数据集展示了8个地磁台站在1985—1990年的地磁观测数据,数据内容由磁偏角（D）、水平强度（H）和垂直强度（Z）3个要素的绝对时均值组成。利用该数据集,可以开展地磁场、空间天气以及关系国计民生的导航、通讯、电网、高铁、油气管道等的研究工作。     

基于稀疏成分分析的遥感影像分类

遥感影像分类一直是遥感研究的重点、难点和热点之一.针对经典的主成分分析法在不同地物的光谱存在重叠相关时,分类效果欠佳的缺陷,提出一种基于稀疏成分分析的遥感影像分类法.该方法利用稀疏性提取源信号,不要求源成分之间互不相关.实验结果表明,与主成分分析方法相比,基于稀疏成分分析的分类结果更可靠、更准确.     

云南GNSS时间序列共模分量提取分析

针对共模分量的精确获取问题,以2011—2018年云南31个GNSS连续站垂向时间序列为基础,选用区域叠加法和主成分分析法,提取得到共模分量的主要成分,对比分析了这两种方法的效果。结果表明:(1)由于云南垂向非线性运动空间一致性较好(测站间相关系数平均值为0.88),两种方法得到的共模分量较为一致;(2)两种方法提取得到的共模分量与全球水文负荷和大气负荷模型给出的位移时间序列接近(相关系数均为0.9),说明共模分量的主要成分为地表负荷变化引发的地壳垂向非构造运动;(3)共模分量不能用周期模型完全表示,还包含了年际间的运动差异等信息;(4)两种方法的空间滤波效果非常接近(WRMS减速比平均值都为0.70),测站的空间滤波效果与测站间相关系数呈显著的正相关。由于区域叠加法对测站数据完整率要求相对较低,因此建议当测站较少或者数据缺失较多时,采用区域叠加法;在测站较多且数据完整率较高时,建议采用主成分分析法。     

The role of phase difference components of ground motions in the torsional response of asymmetric buildings

It is demonstrated that the difference in phase content between orthogonal, horizontal, accelerograms can directly influence the effective (band‐limited) torque energy applied to a plan asymmetric structure. This is not the case where a plan asymmetric structure is excited solely by a unidirectional, horizontal, accelerogram ground motion. It is shown that this effective torque energy is well correlated with building torsional (response) acceleration energy and element ductility demands for a broad class of multistorey structures. Nonlinear time‐history analyses employing a database of accelerogram abstracted from USGS are used to quantify the influence of the phase difference content on these building responses. Bias in nonlinear time‐history analyses based on a small sample of accelerograms caused by phase difference content is discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

垂直和平行于断层方向的脉冲参数特性分析

如何实现速度脉冲参数化并对其参数进行特性分析是一个值得深究的问题。从NGA-West2强震动数据库选取126组近断层脉冲型地震动记录,采用速度脉冲模型,基于最小二乘法拟合得到水平分量的速度脉冲模型特征参数,研究震级、断层距、场地类别对脉冲参数的影响,并对比垂直和平行断层分量脉冲参数的特性差异。结果表明:垂直断层分量的脉冲峰值随震级和断层距的变化速率均快于平行断层分量的相应值,场地条件对脉冲峰值随震级和断层距的变化规律具有较大影响;半脉冲周期与主脉冲周期存在强线性相关性,两者随震级的变化规律存在差异;当震级相同时,基岩场地上的脉冲峰值时刻小于土层场地;对于集集地震来说,较小的形状参数主要分布于靠近破裂断层处,随着断层距的增大,不同分量之间的脉冲形状参数的差异也随之变大。     

An analysis on short—wave components of the global stress field

Introduction The intraplate stresses are affected by two types of forces: one is called the first-order stresses (Zoback, 1992) or the long-wave components of stresses, which are closely related to the driving mechanism of the plate motions such as ridge push, continental collision resistance, slab pull (suc-tion) and mantle drag force (Richardson, 1992; WEI, 2000). This type of stress field is character-ized by a uniform feature in very large horizontal scale with 50 times or more of the th…     

全球观测应力场的短波分量分析

世界应力图(WSM，World Stress Map)计划的应力指标，目前已累积数据共计10 920个，这些应力指标代表了该地区最大水平主应力的实际观测方向；与此同时，可以假定全球各个板块的绝对运动方向表征了相应各板块的最大水平主应力方向的长波分量．根据应力场的叠加原理，得到由该地区局部构造运动等因素贡献的短波分量的相对大小和方向．将全球划分成2.52.5的基本单元，对每个单元的WSM数据进行加权统计分析，得到其平均应力观测取向，利用HS2-NUVEL1全球绝对板块运动模型计算应力场的长波分量；平均观测应力取向和长波分量取向之间的夹角，决定了相应短波分量相对于观测应力场的大小及其取向的范围，并反映了特定研究地区局部应力场对总应力场的贡献程度．本文的计算结果表明，全球板块的绝大部分地区及各板块的平均效果，长波分量与短波分量对观测应力场的贡献程度相当．对于某些大陆板块内部，局部构造活动对观测应力场的贡献起到重要作用，因而控制着地震的孕育与发生．      

Spatial character of the gaseous and particulate state compound correlation of urban atmospheric pollution in winter and summer

The spatial/temporal variation information of atmospheric dynamic-chemical processes at observation site points of the "canopy" boundary of Beijing urban building ensemble and over urban area "surface", as well as the seasonal correlation structure of the gaseous and particulate states of urban atmospheric pollution (UAP) and its seasonal conversion feature at observation points are investigated, using the comprehensive observation data of the Beijing City Air Pollution Observation Experiment (BECAPEX) in winter and summer 2003 with a "point-surface" combined research approach. By using "one dimension spatial empirical orthogonal function (EOF)" principal component analysis (PCA) mode, the seasonal change of gaseous and particulate states of atmospheric aerosols and the association feature of pollutant species under the background of the complicated structure of urban boundary layer (UBL) are analyzed. The comprehensive analyses of the principal components of particle concentrations,gaseous pollutant species, and meteorological conditions reveal the seasonal changes of the complex constituent and structure features of the gaseous and particulate states of UAP to further trace the impact feature of urban aerosol pollution surface sources and the seasonal difference of the component structure of UAP. Research results suggest that in the temporal evolution of the gaseous and particulate states of winter/summer UAP, NOx, CO, and SO2 showed an "in-phase" evolution feature, however, O3 showed an "inverse-phase" relation with other species,all possessing distinctive dependent feature. On the whole, summer concentrations of gaseous pollutants CO, SO2, and NOx were obviously lower than winter ones, especially, the reduction in CO concentration was most distinctive, and ones in SO2 and NOx were next. However, the summer O3 concentration was more than twice winter one. Winter/summer differences in PM10and PM2.5 particle concentrations were relatively not obvious, which indicates that responses of PM10 and PM2.5 particle concentrations to the difference of winter/summer heating period emission sources are far less distinctive than those of NOx, SO2, and CO. The correlation feature of winter/summer gaseous and particulate states depicts that both PM10 and PM2.5 particles were significantly correlated with NOx, and their correlations with NOx are more significant than those with other pollutants. Through PCA, it is found that there was a distinctive difference in the principal component combination structure of winter/summer PM10 and PM2.5 particles: SO2 and NOx dominated in the principal component of winter PM10 and PM2.5 particles; while CO and NOx played the major role in the principal component of summer PM10 and PM2.5 particles. For winter/summer PM10 and PM2.5 particles, there might exist the gaseous and particulate states correlation structures of different "combinations" of such dependent pollutant species. Research results also uncover that the interaction processes of gaseous and particulate states were also related with the vertical structure of UBL, that is to say, the low value layer of UBL O3 concentration was associated with the collocation of atmospheric vertical structures of the low level inversion,inverse humidity, and small wind, which depicts summer boundary layer atmospheric character, i.e.the compound impact of the dependent factor "combination" of wind, temperature, and humidity elements and their collocation structure on the variations of different gaseous pollutant concentrations. Such a depth structure of the extremely low value of O3 concentration in the UBL accords with its "inverse-phase" relation with other gaseous pollutant species. The PCA of meteorological factors associated with PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations also reveals the sensitivity of PM10 and PM2.5 concentration to the combinatory feature of local meteorological conditions.     

The effects of torsional ground motion on thin cylindric shell structures

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A technique to improve the empirical mode decomposition in the Hilbert-Huang transform

The Hilbert-based time-frequency analysis has promising capacity to reveal the time-variant behaviors of a system. To admit well-behaved Hilbert transforms, component decomposition of signals must be performed beforehand. This was first systematically implemented by the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) in the Hilbert-Huang transform, which can provide a time-frequency representation of the signals. The EMD, however, has limitations in distinguishing different components in narrowband signals commonly found in free-decay vibration signals. In this study, a technique for decomposing components in narrowband signals based on waves’ beating phenomena is proposed to improve the EMD, in which the time scale structure of the signal is unveiled by the Hilbert transform as a result of wave beating, the order of component extraction is reversed from that in the EMD and the end effect is confined. The proposed technique is verified by performing the component decomposition of a simulated signal and a free decay signal actually measured in an instrumented bridge structure. In addition, the adaptability of the technique to time-variant dynamic systems is demonstrated with a simulated time-variant MDOF system.     

FHD-2B分量质子磁力仪维护技术

介绍FHD-2B分量质子磁力仪的基本原理与系统构成,及仪器日常检查的重要性与流程,着重介绍仪器常见故障的现象与原因,以及检修方法与流程。     

D磁变仪的定向讨论与实验

本文通过对 Ｄ 磁变仪的定向讨论和实验发现, Ｄ 磁变仪可在 Ｚ 仪等固定铁磁影响环境中, 直接用“扭头正反向对称法”定向, 且无须再做任何改正。其定向结果在某种意义上较在无磁环境中定向后再做 Ｚ 磁系等影响改正的方法可靠。     

有限区域分解分析方法在2006年一次东北冷涡暴雨分析中的应用

2006年7月19-24日,东北地区出现一次明显的冷涡发展导致强降水的过程.对这次东北冷涡过程的天气形势分析表明,该东北冷涡的维持和发展与冷涡东部阻塞高压的建立与消亡有关.本文根据500 hPa环流形势演变特征,将东北冷涡发生发展过程分为4个阶段,并借助调和-余弦谱展开方法,对东北冷涡各阶段850 hPa水平风和水汽通量进行无辐散和无旋转分量分解,分析各阶段无旋转风动能和无辐散风动能之间的能量转化.研究结果表明,分解得到的无辐散风及其水汽通量清楚地展现出了东北冷涡的大尺度环流和水汽输送通道及水汽来源,而从无旋转风及其水汽通量上则可以直观地看到冷涡低层的中小尺度风场及水汽辐合辐散区,为分析东北冷涡内部对流提供帮助.东北冷涡发展的不同阶段其水汽来源有所不同,初始阶段的水汽主要来自黄海和渤海地区,发展阶段水汽主要来自日本海,而到成熟阶段和减弱阶段,水汽输送通道被破坏,冷涡的水汽供应大大减少,与同时期暴雨减弱一致.同时,无旋转风辐合强值区和无旋转风水汽通量大值区的重合区域有利于强对流的发生发展,表现为重合区与TBB(Temperature of Black Body,黑体辐射温度)强对流云带的形状和位置对应良好,与降水落区也较为一致,可为预报东北冷涡引发的强降水落区这一预报难点问题提供参考.从动能转化上看,无旋转风和无辐散风的动能转化项能很好地反映东北冷涡整个生命史过程中各阶段强度的变化特点,对冷涡强度预报具有一定的指示意义.     

河北省近年地磁Z分量长期变特征

本文利用河北省昌黎、红山等８个地磁台Ｚ分量资料，计算了年均值和各台相对红山台的差值。结果表明，近年内各地磁台Ｚ分量变化趋势是一致的，均属非线性变化，年变速率逐渐加大，１９９４—１９９３年的年变率已是１９７８—１９７７年的３倍左右。同时，又反映出各台的差异，有变化速率由东南向西北逐渐变小的特征。指出这一特征可能对相当范围的地磁长期变有一定的代表性     

框架结构水平和竖向地震耦合作用时程分析

一般情况下,地震波分量中的水平分量和竖向分量是造成框架结构破坏的重要因素。本文中以框架结构为研究对象,将空间框架结构简化为平面框架结构,基于平面杆系模型并忽略平面框架体系的水平杆件——梁的轴向变形,建立体系水平和竖向耦合振动的运动微分方程,并对结构进行了水平和竖向地震波耦合激励下的弹性动力时程计算。与体系单维输入竖向地震波之弹性动力响应进行对比后,发现耦合激励下框架边柱竖向响应变大而中柱竖向响应变小,在结构抗震设计中宜适当考虑地震的耦合影响。