甘肃李坝金矿围岩蚀变与金成矿关系

西秦岭地区是目前国内造山型和卡林型金矿找矿的热点地区之一,已发现的甘肃李坝造山型金矿为超大型规模。以李坝金矿6号矿带为例,系统地研究了其蚀变矿物组合、近矿围岩蚀变分带及相应的金矿化特征,总结了矿床(带)的蚀变分带模式。该模式具典型的中心式环带结构,可分为3个蚀变带,由中心向外依次为黄铁绢英岩化带、绢云母化带和绿泥石化带。蚀变矿物组合分别为黄铁矿+绢云母+石英±毒砂±白云母±电气石±方解石、绢云母+绿泥石+石英+黄铁矿±黑云母及绿泥石+黑云母±绢云母±黄铁矿;与这3个蚀变带相对应的是金的富集带、矿化带和无矿带。蚀变岩石物质组分迁移分析表明,围岩蚀变及其分带是热水流体/岩石反应时岩石化学组分发生迁移的结果,矿化伴随着蚀变发生,且金矿化与黄铁矿化和浸染状硅化关系最为密切。     

Orogenic Gold Mineralization in the Qolqoleh Deposit, Northwestern Iran

The Qolqoleh gold deposit is located in the northwestern part of the Sanandai‐Sirjan Zone, northwest of Iran. Gold mineralization in the Qolqoleh deposit is almost entirely confined to a series of steeply dipping ductile–brittle shear zones generated during Late Cretaceous–Tertiary continental collision between the Afro‐Arabian and the Iranian microcontinent. The host rocks are Mesozoic volcano‐sedimentary sequences consisting of felsic to mafic metavolcanics, which are metamorphosed to greenschist facies, sericite and chlorite schists. The gold orebodies were found within strong ductile deformation to late brittle deformation. Ore‐controlling structure is NE–SW‐trending oblique thrust with vergence toward south ductile–brittle shear zone. The highly strained host rocks show a combination of mylonitic and cataclastic microstructures, including crystal–plastic deformation and grain size reduction by recrystalization of quartz and mica. The gold orebodies are composed of Au‐bearing highly deformed and altered mylonitic host rocks and cross‐cutting Au‐ and sulfide‐bearing quartz veins. Approximately half of the mineralization is in the form of dissemination in the mylonite and the remainder was clearly emplaced as a result of brittle deformation in quartz–sulfide microfractures, microveins and veins. Only low volumes of gold concentration was introduced during ductile deformation, whereas, during the evident brittle deformation phase, competence contrasts allowed fracturing to focus on the quartz–sericite domain boundaries of the mylonitic foliation, thus permitting the introduction of auriferous fluid to create disseminated and cross‐cutting Au‐quartz veins. According to mineral assemblages and alteration intensity, hydrothermal alteration could be divided into three zones: silicification and sulfidation zone (major ore body); sericite and carbonate alteration zone; and sericite–chlorite alteration zone that may be taken to imply wall‐rock interaction with near neutral fluids (pH 5–6). Silicified and sulfide alteration zone is observed in the inner parts of alteration zones. High gold grades belong to silicified highly deformed mylonitic and ultramylonitic domains and silicified sulfide‐bearing microveins. Based on paragenetic relationships, three main stages of mineralization are recognized in the Qolqoleh gold deposit. Stage I encompasses deposition of large volumes of milky quartz and pyrite. Stage II includes gray and buck quartz, pyrite and minor calcite, sphalerite, subordinate chalcopyrite and gold ores. Stage III consists of comb quartz and calcite, magnetite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite and gold ores. Studies on regional geology, ore geology and ore‐forming stages have proved that the Qolqoleh deposit was formed in the compression–extension stage during the Late Cretaceous–Tertiary continental collision in a ductile–brittle shear zone, and is characterized by orogenic gold deposits.     

陕西省铧厂沟金矿围岩蚀变和元素迁移特征

陕西省铧厂沟金矿床位于勉略缝合带以南,矿体受控于近东西向逆冲断层和韧脆性剪切带。本文以细碧岩矿带为例,系统研究了围岩蚀变分带及蚀变矿物组合,总结了矿床的蚀变分带模式。围岩蚀变以穿切细碧岩透镜体的剪切带为中心向外依次可划分为黄铁绢英岩化带、绢云碳酸盐化带和绿泥赤铁矿化带。蚀变矿物组合分别为黄铁矿＋铁白云石＋铬云母＋绢云母＋钠长石＋石英＋方解石、铁白云石＋绢云母＋钠长石＋石英±黄铁矿、（铁）绿泥石＋钠长石＋铁白云石＋赤铁矿＋钛铁氧化物＋石英±绿帘石。蚀变岩石组分迁移分析表明,在围岩蚀变过程中, SiO2、Na2O、Fe2O3T、MgO与Y等组分发生不同程度的迁出, K2O、CaO、Ba、Rb、Sr、Cr、Cu、Pb和挥发组分等迁入,并以黄铁绢英岩化带最为显著。金在成矿流体中以Au（HS）–2络合物迁移,成矿流体与富铁细碧岩之间的反应是金沉淀重要机制。     

新疆吐拉苏盆地京希-伊尔曼德金矿地质和地球化学特征研究

京希-伊尔曼德金矿位于新疆北天山吐拉苏盆地的西北缘,赋存于泥盆纪-早石炭世火山-沉积地层底部的凝灰岩、凝灰质砂岩中,围岩经历了绢云母化、黄铁矿化、多期硅化和角砾化、碳酸盐化和重晶石化,金矿化与硅化围岩紧密伴生。矿体呈透镜状、层状和似层状,产状与围岩基本一致,主要由热液角砾岩型矿石组成,其热液演化期由四个阶段组成:I:硅化及绢云母化——在围岩凝灰岩和凝灰质砂岩中形成大量浸染状石英、绢云母和少量黄铁矿;II:角砾化及硅化——形成含金热液角砾岩a,角砾为早期蚀变围岩,胶结物为烟灰色玉髓状石英、黄铁矿、毒砂和少量金矿物;III:角砾化及硅化——形成含金热液角砾岩b,角砾为热液角砾岩a和蚀变围岩,胶结物为细粒石英、黄铁矿、毒砂和少量金矿物;IV:方解石-重晶石阶段——形成大量粗大的方解石-重晶石脉。京希-伊尔曼德金矿成矿流体本身富集V、Cr、Ni、Cu、Sb,且其中的Mn、Co、Zn、Bi以及大离子亲石元素LILE主要来自火山岩围岩。从成矿早期到晚期,成矿流体轻稀土元素逐渐富集、氧化性增强。水-岩体系氢、氧同位素组成模拟计算表明,京希-伊尔曼德金矿成矿流体主要为与区内火山岩再平衡的岩浆水,其中金浓度为1×10-6～2×10-6,形成该矿需要约1×108～0.5×108t岩浆热液,蚀变围岩和矿石中黄铁矿富集轻稀土元素。角砾化作用及其伴随的氧逸度升高是导致金沉淀的主要机制。     

新疆阿希金矿:古生代的低硫型浅成低温热液金矿床

新疆阿希金矿床为一形成于古生代的低硫型浅成低温热液金矿床,矿床产于伊犁—中天山板块北部中天山北缘活动大陆边缘的吐拉苏火山岩断陷盆地中。其赋矿围岩为大哈拉军山组安山质火山岩和火岩碎屑岩,矿体呈脉状产于古火山口外围的环形断裂带中,主要金属矿物有自然金、银金矿、黄铁矿、白铁矿、毒砂、赤铁矿、褐铁矿以及微量的浓红银矿、硒银矿、硫锑铜银矿、角银矿等,非金属矿物有石英、玉髓、菱铁矿、方解石、绢云母、冰长石等,围岩蚀变作用主要有硅化、绢云母化、碳酸盐化和青盘岩化。矿床以富集Au、Ag、As、Sb、Bi、Hg、Se、Te、Mo元素组合为特征,Ag/Au比值小,为0.46～11.1。氢、氧、碳、硫及稀有气体同位素组成特征显示其成矿流体主要为循环大气降水;成矿流体盐度主要为0.7%～3.1%NaCl_(eqv),平均为2.2%NaCl_(eqv);成矿温度为120～240℃,平均190℃;最大成矿深度约700 m。沸腾作用是引起成矿流体中矿质发生沉淀富集的主要成矿机制,成矿作用过程中流体处于近中性pH值的还原环境,成矿时代介于晚泥盆世晚期((363.2±5.7)Ma)到早石炭世维宪期。其一系列特征显示该矿是一个典型的、形成于古生代的低硫型浅成低温热液型金矿床。矿床得以保存与矿床形成后很快被阿恰勒河组沉积盖层覆盖有关,从上新世开始由于印度板块对欧亚板块的碰撞挤压作用,天山造山带被快速抬升遭受风化剥蚀作用使矿床重新露出地表而被发现。阿希金矿的发现对于在中、新生代以前的造山带中寻找浅成低温热液型金矿床具有重要的借鉴和指导意义。     

Shear-related gold mineralization in Northwest Ghana: The Julie deposit

The Julie deposit is currently the largest gold prospect in NW Ghana. It is hosted in sheared granitoids of TTG composition of the Paleoproterozoic Julie greenstone belt. The main mineralization consists of a corridor of gold-bearing quartz veins forming a network of a few tens of metres in thickness, trending E–W and dipping 30–60° N, contained within the main shear zone that affects these rocks. The core of this vein corridor is altered by sericite, quartz, ankerite, calcite, tourmaline and pyrite, and is surrounded by an outer halo consisting of albite, sericite, calcite, chlorite, pyrite and rutile. A second set of veins, conjugate to the first set, occurs in the area. These veins have alteration halos with a similar mineralogy as the main corridor, however, their extent, as well as the size of the mineralization, is less important. In the main corridor, gold forms micron-sized grains that occur in pyrite as inclusions, on its edges, and in fractures crosscutting it. Silver, tellurium, bismuth, copper and lead commonly accompany the gold. Pyrite occurs disseminated in the veins and in the surrounding rocks. Up to several ppm Au occurs in the structure of pyrite from the main mineralization.     

陕川丁家林-太阳坪金矿地质特征与成矿条件

丁家林-太阳坪金矿床是在秦岭造山带中发现的又一大型金矿床。该矿处于扬子板块与摩天岭地体，阳平关与青川区域边界断裂之间，赋存于茂县群黄坪组浅变质，强变形陆源细碎屑岩中，所圈定的矿（化）体均由叠加于黄坪组有利容矿岩段韧-脆性剪切带控制，与金有关的矿化蚀变主要有黄铁矿化，硅化，铁白云石化，成矿可分5个阶段，以早-中期细粒浸染状黄铁矿化，中-晚期条痕，断续细脉状黄铁矿化和晚期含多种硫化物-石英矿化为主成矿阶段，初步研究表明，属于沉积-浅变质叠加韧-脆性剪切与热液改造的类卡林型金矿床。     

Mineralogy,geochemistry, and structural controls of a disseminated gold-bearing alteration halo around the schist-hosted Bullendale orogenic gold deposit,New Zealand

Orogenic gold-bearing quartz veins in the middle Tertiary Bullendale Fault Zone, New Zealand were mined historically for coarse gold in a narrow zone (ca. 5 m thick). However, recent drilling has revealed a broad hydrothermal alteration zone extending into the host schist, in which disseminated sulphide and gold mineralisation has occurred. The evidence of alteration is first seen over 150 m across strike from the fault zone, and the best-developed alteration halo is about 50 m wide. The extent and intensity of alteration is strongly controlled by local structures that developed during regional Tertiary kink folding of the pervasively foliated and fissile metasedimentary schist host. The earliest structures are foliation-parallel microshears (micron to millimeter scale) formed during flexural-slip folding. Later, but related, structures are predominantly normal faults and associated shear zones that have formed extensional sites during the regional folding event. All these structures facilitated hydrothermal fluid penetration and rock alteration, with localised vein formation and brecciation. Where fluid has followed structures, metamorphic chlorite, phengite, and titanite have been altered to hydrothermal ankerite, rutile, and muscovite or kaolinite. Ankerite with Fe/(Fe + Mg) < 0.4 formed in host rocks with Fe/(Fe + Mg) of 0.6, and iron released by ankerite alteration possibly formed pyrite and arsenopyrite that host disseminated gold. Fault zones were extensively silicified and veined with quartz, albite, sulphides, and gold. Host rocks have wide compositional variations because of centimeter-scale metamorphic segregation. However, the alteration halo is characterised by elevated CO₂ and S, as measured by loss-on-ignition (doubled to ca. 6 wt.%), elevated As (100–10,000 ppm), and weakly elevated Sb (up to 14 ppm). Strontium is elevated and Ba depleted in many altered rocks, so Sr/Ba ratio increases from < 1 (host rocks) to > 3 in the most altered and silicified rocks. Many altered and mineralised rocks have low Sr/Ba (< 0.5) as well. The subtle geochemical signature is not useful as a vector to ore because of the strong microstructural control on alteration. Likewise, there is no evidence for spatial mineralogical zonation across the alteration halo, although the most intense alteration is centred on the main fault zone, and intensity of alteration is controlled by microstructures at all scales. As documented in previous studies, hydrothermal alteration haloes enlarge the exploration target for some orogenic gold deposits, and may include disseminated gold, as in this Bullendale example.     

藏南查拉普金矿床载金矿物特征与金的赋存状态

黄铁矿和毒砂是卡林型和造山型金矿床重要的载金矿物。文章通过电子探针(EPMA)分析研究了藏南查拉普金矿床不同类型黄铁矿和毒砂中Au、As、S、Fe等元素的含量变化和分布规律,发现不同阶段的黄铁矿具有不同的结构特征和元素组成特点。沉积成岩期黄铁矿(Py1)主要呈草莓状、胶状,常构成环带状黄铁矿的核心,其中金的含量最高,显示了金在沉积成岩期的大量富集。热液期早阶段黄铁矿(Py2)主要呈自形-半自形的立方体,与Py1元素(S、Fe、As)组成相近,显示了一定的继承演化关系。热液期主阶段黄铁矿(Py3)与毒砂共生,多呈自形-半自形的五角十二面体、立方体,常包裹早期的黄铁矿形成环带结构。Py3中As的含量明显升高,其增加量近似等于S的减少量,说明As主要进入黄铁矿晶格替代了S的位置。各个阶段的黄铁矿和毒砂中Au的分布在EPMA微束的分辨率下均显示是不均匀的,Au在Py1和大部分Py2中主要以纳米级自然金(Au0)的形式存在;而在Py3中主要以(Au+)的形式存在,少部分以纳米级自然金(Au0)形式存在。Py1的结构及元素组成与典型卡林型金矿和造山型金矿沉积成岩期黄铁矿的特点相似,而Py3的大量发育则符合卡林型金矿的特征。     

甘肃省迭部县加勒克金矿地质特征及成因探讨

加勒克金矿呈脉状、不规则囊状或漏斗状产于西秦岭造山带古道岭组灰岩中,矿化受到NWW向和近EW向断裂严格控制,矿石矿物以赤铁矿、自然金和黄铁矿为主,蚀变以硅化、绢云母化和褐（赤）铁矿化为特征。矿石主要为碎裂岩型、硅化碎裂斑岩型、碎裂灰岩型。成矿作用方式主要为热液渗滤交代、构造裂隙等有限空间的充填沉淀作用,构成比较完整的热液交代-充填-沉淀成矿体系经历了原生热液成矿期和表生氧化-次生富集期。成矿环境为近地表,成矿时代为印支晚期,成矿物质来源与印支期陆内造山阶段酸性岩浆活动密切有关,金矿化和岩浆岩可能是统一的受深部构造制约的印支期构造-岩浆-热液活动体系的系列演化产物。     

糜棱岩型金矿床地质特征

当糜棱岩中金元素的含量足以满足工业利用,即在糜棱岩中可圈出独立的金矿体时,这种金矿床便可称为糜棱岩型金矿床.糜棱岩型金矿床是"中国金矿床工业类型"中的重要类型之一.此类金矿床多分布在古老地块周边长期活动的构造带之中.介绍了糜棱岩型金矿床的赋矿岩系、控矿构造、矿床、矿体、矿石以及含金矿物等地质特征.同时,对金成矿地质环境及矿床成因等作了探讨     

四川木里梭罗沟金矿床载金黄铁矿原位微量元素特征

甘孜–理塘缝合带是四川重要的金矿带之一。梭罗沟大型金矿床是该带上的典型矿床,但其矿床成因仍存在争议。为了准确厘定其矿床成因,本文对梭罗沟金矿床中的它形和自形（五角十二面体）的载金黄铁矿进行了LA-ICP-MS原位微量元素分析。结果显示梭罗沟它形黄铁矿元素含量变化较小,较为集中,而自形黄铁矿具有明显的核–幔–边结构,元素含量变化范围较大。总体上,两种黄铁矿中Au与As均具有明显的正相关性,但Au与FeS₂和Co/Ni值具有负相关性。它形黄铁矿和自形黄铁矿的Co/Ni值分别为0.2和57.1,两者都具有较高的Au和较低的Ag含量;这表明它形黄铁矿主体来源于沉积作用,受后期成矿热液改造,而自形黄铁矿属于热液成因。梭罗沟金矿床成矿过程为火山–沉积岩中的Au在变质热液作用下再活化富集的结果,属于典型的造山型金矿床。     

华北克拉通和西澳克拉通金矿床对比研究及其对中国金矿勘查的启示

华北克拉通固结时间较晚,活动性较强,金矿床赋矿围岩以中深变质的镁铁质岩石和花岗岩类岩石为主,大规模金矿床一般产在韧、脆性剪切叠加的构造带中,成矿时代在188~46Ma之间.西澳克拉通固结较早,稳定性较好,金矿床主要产在太古宙花岗岩-绿岩地体中,一般产在韧-脆性剪切过渡带或叠加的构造带中,金矿化年龄在2640~2600Ma之间.华北克拉通金矿床比西澳金矿床形成晚,受剥蚀程度低,许多矿床尚未出露地表,在深部寻找盲矿体前景可观.     

甘肃礼县-岷县成矿带西段寨上金矿床中自然金的发现及成因意义

位于西秦岭礼(县)-岷(县)成矿带西段的寨上金矿床是近年发现的一个大型微细浸染型金矿。在研究甘肃寨上金矿床物质组分的过程中,采用显微镜观察、电子探针扫描、化学分析等综合分析技术发现了显微自然金颗粒。矿石中的自然金颗粒形态多样,粒度变化较大(5～150μm)。电子探针分析结果显示,自然金中Au=88.23%～92.73%,Ag=7.41%～9.08%,为含银自然金,成色905～926。金的载体矿物有砷黄铁矿、方铅矿、碲汞矿、铁白云石等。金的嵌布类型有粒间金、裂隙金和连生金3种。赋矿围岩中含Fe碳酸盐矿物溶解释放出Fe和溶解Fe的大量硫化物化,可能是寨上金矿床中存在显微可见自然金的最重要因素。     

青海东部查明一大型微细浸染型金矿床

加吾金矿位于青海省东部同德县境内,是武警黄金部队近年来发现的又一处具大型规模的金矿床。该矿床在大地构造位置上处于西秦岭与东昆仑的衔接部位。矿体赋存于中下三叠统中,在平面上呈舒缓波状,在剖面上为脉状、似层状。矿石中金属矿物主要为黄铁矿和毒砂,金主要以微细粒分布于石英裂隙和毒砂、黄铁矿等矿物粒间。区内中下三叠统隆务河群板岩中的金丰度值和有机碳含量高,是有利的赋矿层位。矿体产于北西向和近东西向构造蚀变带内,受区内断裂带控制明显。矿体在空间上与印支期中酸性岩浆岩相伴产出。研究表明,该矿床为受构造蚀变带控制的、与沉积作用和岩浆活动有成因联系的微细浸染型金矿床。截止目前,该矿共计探明金矿脉22条,累计提交金资源量超过20t。该矿的发现和评价对指导青海东部微细浸染型金矿找矿具有重要的示范意义。     

西秦岭地区造山型与卡林型金矿床

西秦岭金矿床分为卡林型和造山型两类。卡林型金矿床麇集于南秦岭和松潘—甘孜造山带的东北部。三叠纪和早侏罗世的同构造花岗闪长岩广泛分布于西秦岭中部和南部、松潘—甘孜盆地以及扬子克拉通边缘。造山型脉状金矿床主要分布于西秦岭造山带中的脆韧性剪切带内。大部分粗粒金主要赋存在网格状石英细脉和角砾状围岩中的黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿、毒砂和少量贱金属硫化物中和以分散状分布在蚀变围岩中。同位素资料表明晚三叠世 -中侏罗世与扬子克拉通俯冲有关的作用控制了造山型金矿床的形成。     

A New Genetic Type of Gold Deposits-Meso-Epithermal Carbonate-Type Gold Deposits as Exemplified by the Baguamiao Suprlarge Gold Deposit

Gold deposits of the meso-epithermal carbonate type were first proposed based on the study of the Baguamiao gold deposit.This new type of gold deposits has many unique characteristics as follows:(1)Obviously strata-bound.The gold deposits are hosted in Middle Devonian turbidite formations;(2)Structrually controlled.Struc-ture is an important factor leading to metallogenesis of this type of gold deposits.The shape and distribution of orebodies are controlled by byittle-ductile shear zones;(3)Multi-stage wall-rock alteration.According to the characteristics of mineral assemblage,gold mineralization can be classified into three stages in association with various wall-rock al-terations.Wall-rock alterations closely genetically related to the gold mineralization are ankerization ,silicification,pyrrhotization and pyritization ;(4)Mineral compositions of the orebodies are mainly pyrrhotite,pyrite,marcasitolite,chalcopyrite,quartz,ankerite,and sericite.Gold mineralization is associated closely in space and time with iron sulfides;(5)Rare elements and REE in ores are low in contents relative to those of the crust.Au content varies from 1.91g/t to 11.15g/t ,averaging 5.5g/t;(6)Studies of sulfur,hydrogen,oxygen and carbon isotopes in main gangue minerals (quartz and ankerite)indicate that fluids and ore-forming materials came from deep-seated sources;(7)Three types of inclusions are recognized in terms of their composition and the vapor amounts of inclusions.The homogenization temperatures of inclusions range from 210℃to 310℃,averaging 230℃,showing that this type of gold deposits belongs to the meso-epithermal type;(8)Metallogenic age of this type of gold deposits is similar to that of the collision between the Yangtze Plate and the North China Plate,indicating that gold deposits of this type are genetically related to continental-margin plate activity.     

From intrusion-related to orogenic mineralization: The Wasamac deposit,Abitibi Greenstone Belt,Canada

The Wasamac deposit is an example of Archean greenstone-hosted gold deposit located in the Abitibi Belt, 15 km southwest of Rouyn-Noranda. The deposit is hosted by a second-order ductile shear zone of the Cadillac–Larder Lake Fault Zone (CLLFZ), known as the Francoeur-Wasa Shear Zone (FWSZ). It regionally sits at the boundary between the orogenic gold district of Noranda and the Kirkland Lake gold district dominated by intrusion-related gold systems. This specific location in-between two different gold mineralization environments sets the Wasamac deposit apart as a prime candidate for investigating hydrothermal processes along the CLLFZ. Within the Wasamac deposit, gold distribution is constrained to the altered mylonitized portion of the FWSZ; lode systems are absent. Hydrothermal alteration and associated disseminated mineralization occurs as a replacement of the Blake River Group metavolcanic units. The hydrothermal signature displays two distinct alkaline alteration assemblages: potassic and albitic, each associated with specific gold characteristics. (1) Potassic alteration is characterized by the crystallization of microcline, carbonates and quartz. Within this assemblage gold is associated with porous pyrite enriched in Te-Ag-Au-Mo-Pb-Bi-W, deposited under oxidizing conditions. Such characteristics are widely described in the Kirkland Lake area, and are found in examples of syenite-related mineralization, such as the Beattie and Malartic gold deposits. (2) The albitic alteration assemblage, composed of albite, sericite and carbonates, reflects more reduced hydrothermal conditions with mineralization characterized by free native gold. This hydrothermal event is coeval with the brecciation of early gold-rich pyrite reflecting a structural overprint that controlled late-stage gold characteristics. These alteration and structural features are common in orogenic gold deposits both worldwide and regionally, particularly at the neighbouring Kerr-Addison and Francoeur deposits, and in lode-gold systems such as in the Sigma-Lamaque deposit.The gold mineralization at Wasamac has similar characteristics to both intrusion-related gold systems and structurally controlled orogenic gold deposits. Hydrothermal and structural crosscutting relationships at Wasamac indicate that a structurally controlled hydrothermal event overprinted earlier potassic magmatic-hydrothermal alteration. This observation supports a multistage process of gold concentration during which new gold characteristics, metal anomalies, fluid conditions and alteration assemblages replaced earlier stages of gold enrichment, in places completely obliterating previous signatures. We propose that the Wasamac deposit was originally related to an alkaline intrusion buried at depth beneath the Francoeur-Wasa Shear Zone.     

新疆塔吾尔别克金矿矿床地质特征及成矿规律探讨

新疆塔吾尔别克金矿位于著名的阿希金矿附近,矿床产于下石炭统大哈拉军山组第5段安山岩及安山质凝灰岩中,矿床主要受NW—NNW向构造蚀变带的控制,同时次火山相二长斑岩、爆破角砾岩筒(隐爆角砾岩)对成矿也具控制作用;蚀变类型主要有黄铁绢英岩化、硅化、碳酸盐化,热液成矿期包括石英-黄铁矿、石英-硫化物和石英-碳酸盐等3个阶段,形成蚀变岩型、石英脉型和石英-碳酸盐脉型3种金矿化类型,表生期形成氧化金矿。在阐述矿床地质特征基础上,归纳出构造控矿规律、火山-次火山岩体控矿规律、中-低温成矿规律和多因复合成矿规律,综合勘查和研究成果,认为矿床的成因类型为与晚古生代早-中期火山热液有关、有次火山(斑岩型、爆破角砾岩筒型和隐爆角砾岩型)热液成矿作用叠加的浅成低温热液型金矿床。     

新疆南天山阿沙哇义金矿床的成因与找矿启示:来自流体和硫化物成分的限定

阿沙哇义金矿位于中国新疆南天山造山带,属于著名的中亚南天山锑-汞-金成矿带的东延部分。该矿床严格受断裂所控制,以浸染状黄铁矿化、毒砂化为特征。矿化可分为三个阶段:早期无矿或贫矿石英阶段,中期石英多金属硫化物阶段,晚期石英-碳酸盐阶段。其中,中期是主要成矿阶段。成矿流体气相成分以H_2O为主,摩尔含量为75%～93%,其次为CO_2,摩尔含量为6%～25%,其余为CH_4、C_2H_6、H_2S、N_2和Ar;液相成分阳离子以Na~+为主,含少量K~+、Ca~(2+)离子,阴离子以Cl~-为主,SO~(2-)次之;矿石的Au含量与其流体的CO_2含量呈反相关,与K~+含量呈正相关。硫化物成分分析结果表明:(1)围岩地层和矿石中的黄铁矿和毒砂是重要的载金矿物,黄铁矿Au含量为0～0. 09%,平均值0. 03%;毒砂Au含量为0～0. 28%,平均值0. 07%;(2)黄铁矿和毒砂Au含量与其自形程度没有明显的相关性;(3)环带状黄铁矿较均质结构黄铁矿具有更高的Au含量;(4)岩体中的黄铁矿几乎不含Au。在成矿构造环境、成矿流体特征及演化、金矿富集机制、成矿温压条件等方面,该矿床与世界上大多数造山型金矿显示出一致性,成矿类型应属于剥蚀程度较浅的造山型金矿。断层阀作用控制的断层愈合-破裂导致的流体不混溶作用是本区金富集、沉淀的最重要机制,但流体混合机制对金的富集沉淀也发挥了作用。黄铁矿、毒砂发育及较多的含炭物质三者共存是本区寻找富矿的关键标志。