河南熊耳山干树金矿成矿作用与围岩蚀变特征

干树金矿是河南熊耳山矿集区内的构造蚀变岩型金矿,矿区的金矿体主要赋存在构造蚀变岩带内,且与多阶段的热液活动密切相关。深源的含金成矿流体沿深大断裂向上运移,在温度、压力控制下,在构造的有利部位与围岩发生交代作用,形成多种围岩蚀变和金矿化。其中,硅化、绢云母化、黄铁绢英岩化、钾化与金矿化关系密切;围岩蚀变具有水平分带和垂直分带特征:从中心向两侧,蚀变依次为黄铁绢英岩化→石英绢云母化→钾化→绢云母化→绿泥石化,金品位呈逐步降低的分布规律;从地表向深部,则出现蚀变为褐铁矿化-高岭土化-硅化-碳酸盐化-绢云母化-钾化-黄铁矿化-黄铁绢云岩化,金品位呈由低转高的变化趋势。     

哈图金矿蚀变岩型矿体特征及金赋存状态研究

哈图金矿由石英脉型和蚀变岩型矿体组成,蚀变岩型矿体遭受了强烈黄铁矿化、毒砂化、碳酸盐化、硅化和绢云母化蚀变.成矿作用划分5个阶段:钠长石-石英阶段(I)、黄铁矿-碳酸盐-石英阶段(II)、黝铜矿-黄铜矿-自然金阶段(III)、毒砂-碳酸盐-绢云母阶段(IV)和方解石-石英阶段(V).其中,II—IV阶段是主要金成矿阶段.哈图金矿含金矿物主要为自然金,平均成色912.自然金呈裂隙金、包裹金、粒间金形式嵌布在黄铁矿和毒砂中.当载金矿物为黄铁矿时,自然金与黝铜矿-黄铜矿-闪锌矿关系密切;当载金矿物为毒砂时,自然金与黄铁矿-黄铜矿关系密切.     

京希金矿床地质特征、找矿标志及成因探讨

京希金矿床位于博罗科努早古生代岛弧西段叶拉苏断陷中，赋矿地层为下石炭统大哈拉军山组的第二岩性段，含矿岩石主要为硅化火山角砾岩和硅化砂砾岩，矿床处于近NS向与NW向断裂的交汇锐角部位，强烈的硅化、黄铁矿化、毒砂化蚀变组合是高品位矿石的蚀变标志，近矿围岩中高岭石化、绢云母化普遍发育，岩石中富含Au、As、Sb、Hg，贫Cu、Pb、Zn等微量元素，成矿温度130～240℃，成矿深度0．67-0．70km，属浅成低湍热液型金矿。     

广西凭祥地区金矿床地质地球化学特征研究

凭祥地区金矿床受断层构造与酸性火山岩的双重控制。围岩蚀变为黄铁矿化、绢云母化、硅化等。矿床的形成经历了两个成矿期：热液成矿期与表生氧化期。热液成矿期金由热液迁移至围岩，被黄铁矿与毒砂吸附。表生氧化期黄铁矿与毒砂氧化形成氧化铁矿物，金被吸附到氧化铁矿物之上得到富集。对矿化岩石与围岩的微量元素与稀土元素分析结果表明，本区金矿以Au-As-Sb-Hg组合为特征，As是金的找矿指示元素。根据金矿床的矿物组合与微量元素特征以及矿床地质条件推测，本区金矿床属低温热液矿床，形成时代为燕山期。     

新疆哈尔拉金矿物质组分特征

新疆哈尔拉金矿区含矿围岩为一套中酸性火山熔岩、火山碎屑岩,后经含硫热液或热气作用,具强烈硅化、中强绢云母化、明矾石化,受构造挤压微有碎裂和定向,并沿其具绢云母化、黄铁矿化、金矿化. 1 近矿围岩及其特征 矿床赋矿围岩主要为完全硅化、绢云母化角砾凝灰岩,少量具石英残斑的熔岩,顶部一层正常沉积的角砾砂岩[1]. 火山碎屑岩 根据残留结构、构造可区分为角砾凝灰岩—凝灰岩及熔结角砾凝灰岩两类.前者岩石残留不规则状碎屑外形,小至0.03 mm,大至数毫米.熔结角砾凝灰岩具残留假流纹构造和变余熔结凝灰结构,排列不规则状碎屑等外形. 英…     

塔吾尔别克-阿庇因迪斑岩型金矿特征

矿床的形成与矿区二长斑岩岩体有关.岩体内发育4组原生节理或裂隙带,这些节理或裂隙带控制了矿体的分布,特别是它们的交汇部位是成矿的良好部位.矿体形态为脉状、网脉状和透镜体状.有4种矿石类型:黄铁矿石英脉型;黄铁矿硅酸盐石英脉型;黄铁绢英岩型和细脉浸染型.矿床可以划分为2个成矿期:内生成矿期和表生成矿期.内生成矿期划分3个成矿阶段,第2成矿阶段是金矿主成矿阶段.矿物组合为黄铁矿、自然金、银金矿、石英、绿泥石、方解石、白云石、绢云母、白云母和重晶石.矿体的围岩蚀变主要为硅化、绢云母化、黄铁绢英岩化、绿泥石化、硅酸盐化.氢氧同位素、硫同位素以及流体包裹体的研究表明,成矿热液为岩浆热液和大气降水的混合体.成矿热液温度为130℃,成矿压力为22MPa,盐度1.03%,氧逸度-36.7~-38.8,pH=5.8~8.8.成矿流体早期显酸性,晚期显碱性.认为该矿床为浅成低温、低盐度流体成矿,属于次火山斑岩型金矿.     

安徽天井山金矿成矿流体特征及成矿过程初探

本文在矿床地质调研的基础上,通过主要矿石和蚀变岩石的岩矿相、SEM/EDS、流体包裹体岩相学、显微测温和成分分析,对天井山金矿成矿流体特征、流体来源及成矿过程进行了研究.结果表明,金矿化主要发育于石英脉中,少数产于蚀变围岩中,矿区蚀变以硅化、绢云母化最为发育,另发育含铁碳酸盐化、绿泥石化、黄铁矿化、黄铜矿化、方铅矿化、闪锌矿化等.金矿化发生于石英脉形成后的脆性变形阶段,与之相关的蚀变以绢云母化为主,其次为含铁碳酸盐化和硫化物矿化.金主要以自然金的形式与绢云母共生于石英脉的裂隙中或蚀变围岩中.通过与绢云母同期的流体包裹体研究表明,与金矿化有关的成矿流体为富水、含CO2的中高温(286～380℃)、低盐度流体(3.0％～5.1％,NaCleq,质量分数),单个流体包裹体的LA-ICP-MS成分分析表明,成矿流体中富含Pb、Zn、Cu、Bi、Mo、Sb等金属元素.综合流体包裹体中水的H同位素组成和流体成分特征,成矿流体主要为岩浆水的贡献.含CO2的岩浆流体沿活化的先期断裂上升并发生流体沸腾,在流体沸腾过程中CO2进入气相而改变了流体的pH值,造成金和其它金属硫化物的沉淀,同时形成石英裂隙中和围岩中的绢云母化、含铁碳酸盐化等蚀变.     

新疆包古图地区金矿床地质特征及成矿模型研究

包古图地区是新疆西准噶尔重要的金矿集区之一,根据矿床地质和矿化类型,可将区内金矿化分为2类:以阔个沙也金矿床(包古图金矿Ⅰ~Ⅳ号点)为代表的石英脉型金矿化,产于部分中酸性斑岩体周边地层中,赋矿围岩为下石炭统包古图组凝灰质砂岩、凝灰岩等,围岩蚀变以硅化、绢云母化、黄铁矿化、毒砂化和碳酸盐化为主,矿体为黄铁矿_石英脉型、辉锑矿_石英脉型和自然砷_石英脉型或石英网脉型/蚀变岩型,受NE向断裂控制,与矿区密集分布的中酸性脉岩伴生,主要矿物组合为黄铁矿_毒砂_自然砷_辉锑矿_自然金_银金矿,矿化元素组合为Au_As_Sb,是中酸性斑岩系统热液演化晚期的产物;另一类金矿化产于中酸性斑岩与下石炭统火山_沉积地层的接触带中,以包古图金矿Ⅺ号点为代表,矿体为石英_硫化物脉型,矿物组合为黄铁矿_毒砂_自然铋_辉铋矿_自然金_黄铜矿,是斑岩系统热液演化较早期的产物。结合已有研究资料,可将区内金矿床的成矿模型总结如下:斑岩岩浆系统演化晚期分异出含Au_Cu_Bi_As_Sb的岩浆热液,在岩体内部形成斑岩型铜矿化,岩体与围岩接触带形成高温石英_硫化物脉型Au_As_Bi矿化,部分含矿热液随中酸性岩脉向外围迁移,并逐渐与大气水混合,最终在NE向断裂中形成石英脉型Au_As_Sb矿化。基于此成矿模型,认为包古图地区金矿找矿工作的重点应该放在中酸性斑岩体与围岩接触带和斑岩体外围NE向断裂(中酸性脉岩)密集分布区,尤其是As_Sb、As_Bi化探异常叠加区。矿床地质和地球化学特征对比显示,包古图金矿成矿系统与侵入岩有关的金矿成矿系统非常相似。     

西秦岭阳山金矿带安坝金矿床流体包裹体特征及矿床成因

安坝金矿是近年来在西秦岭地区阳山金矿带探明的一超大型矿床,大地构造位置处于勉略缝合带内,其产出主要受区域逆冲挤压断裂带控制。矿石类型可划分为蚀变岩型和石英脉型,以前者为主,主要矿石矿物为黄铁矿、毒砂、辉锑矿、自然金、银金矿等,围岩蚀变以硅化、绢云母化、绿泥石化、碳酸盐化为主。成矿过程可划分为黄铁矿-绢云母阶段(Ⅰ)、黄铁矿-毒砂-石英阶段(Ⅱ)、毒砂-黄铁矿-石英阶段(Ⅲ)、自然金-辉锑矿-石英阶段(Ⅳ)、方解石-石英阶段(Ⅴ)等5个阶段。不同阶段石英中均含有大量的流体包裹体,多数直径3~10μm,以富CO_2、含CO_2和水溶液3种类型为主,总体为中低温(110~330℃)、低盐度(0.62~9.34%Na Cl.eq)的流体。单个流体包裹体激光拉曼分析表明,流体以CO_2、H_2O为主,不同阶段含金石英脉石英δD变化范围为-83‰~-107‰,δ~(18)O变化范围为-0.31‰~11.95‰。从成矿早阶段到晚阶段,流体包裹体大小、CO_2含量、温度逐渐降低,盐度先升高后降低。成矿早阶段以下地壳的变质流体为主,而后经历了减压沸腾作用,压力降低,盐度增高,导致金大量沉淀。稳定同位素特征反映主成矿阶段以变质流体为主,成矿晚期发生低温流体的注入。总之,阳山金矿成矿流体经历了长期的演化过程,亦揭示金成矿作用的复杂性。     

新疆东准噶尔野马泉构造蚀变脉岩型金矿床

野马泉金矿位于新疆准噶尔野马泉断块内,区内出露地层主要为志留系的浅变质舍碳碎屑岩类。矿体产在破碎蚀变的闪长玢岩脉及其边侧的片理化围岩中,与成矿有关的蚀变主要为硅化、绢云母化和毒砂-黄铁矿化。稀土元素、流体包裹体和同位素等研究表明,野马泉金矿的形成与闪长质岩浆作用密切相关。闪长质岩浆同化吸收了含碳质和黄铁矿的围岩,使岩浆中的金大量进入流体相,而演化成含矿热液。金矿化的闪长玢岩中锆石 U-Pb 一致年龄为252.5±1.8Ma 和254.5±0.9Ma,代表了新疆北部后碰撞构造-岩浆-成矿活动末期的产物。与野马泉矿床类似的金矿床,在准噶尔及邻区点多面广,其成矿特征介于构造蚀变岩型金矿和与侵入岩有关的金矿床之间,应属一新的金矿(亚)类型-构造蚀变脉岩型。     

新疆南天山阿沙哇义金矿床的成因与找矿启示:来自流体和硫化物成分的限定

阿沙哇义金矿位于中国新疆南天山造山带,属于著名的中亚南天山锑-汞-金成矿带的东延部分。该矿床严格受断裂所控制,以浸染状黄铁矿化、毒砂化为特征。矿化可分为三个阶段:早期无矿或贫矿石英阶段,中期石英多金属硫化物阶段,晚期石英-碳酸盐阶段。其中,中期是主要成矿阶段。成矿流体气相成分以H_2O为主,摩尔含量为75%～93%,其次为CO_2,摩尔含量为6%～25%,其余为CH_4、C_2H_6、H_2S、N_2和Ar;液相成分阳离子以Na~+为主,含少量K~+、Ca~(2+)离子,阴离子以Cl~-为主,SO~(2-)次之;矿石的Au含量与其流体的CO_2含量呈反相关,与K~+含量呈正相关。硫化物成分分析结果表明:(1)围岩地层和矿石中的黄铁矿和毒砂是重要的载金矿物,黄铁矿Au含量为0～0. 09%,平均值0. 03%;毒砂Au含量为0～0. 28%,平均值0. 07%;(2)黄铁矿和毒砂Au含量与其自形程度没有明显的相关性;(3)环带状黄铁矿较均质结构黄铁矿具有更高的Au含量;(4)岩体中的黄铁矿几乎不含Au。在成矿构造环境、成矿流体特征及演化、金矿富集机制、成矿温压条件等方面,该矿床与世界上大多数造山型金矿显示出一致性,成矿类型应属于剥蚀程度较浅的造山型金矿。断层阀作用控制的断层愈合-破裂导致的流体不混溶作用是本区金富集、沉淀的最重要机制,但流体混合机制对金的富集沉淀也发挥了作用。黄铁矿、毒砂发育及较多的含炭物质三者共存是本区寻找富矿的关键标志。     

Origin of the Dachang gold deposit,NW China: constraints from H,O, S,and Pb isotope data

The Dachang gold deposit is located in the Late Triassic Songpan-Ganzi Fold Belt, NE Tibetan Plateau. Gold ore is concentrated as veins along secondary faults and fracture zones in the Bayan Har Group metaturbidites. No exposed felsic plutons are present in the vicinity of the deposit. The auriferous veins contain <15% sulphide minerals, mainly arsenopyrite, pyrite, and stibnite. Gold is commonly enclosed within arsenopyrite and pyrite. Typical alteration around the ore bodies includes silicification, sericitization, and weak carbonatization.

Gold-bearing quartz samples have δ¹⁸O values of 16.9–21.2‰ (V-SMOW) from which δ¹⁸O_H2O values of 6.2–9.6‰ can be calculated from the fluid inclusion temperatures (or 10.0 to 12.7‰ if we used the average arsenopyrite geothermometer temperature of 301°C). The δD values of fluid inclusions in quartz range from –90‰ to –72‰. δ³⁴S values of gold-bearing sulphides mainly range from –5.9‰ to –2.8‰ (V-CDT). Pyrite and arsenopyrite in ores have ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios of 18.2888 to 18.4702, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios of 15.5763 to 15.6712, and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios of 38.2298 to 38.8212. These isotopic compositions indicate that the ore-forming fluids were of metamorphic origin, and the S and Pb may have been derived from the host metaturbidites of the Bayan Har Group. The Dachang Au deposit has geological and geochemical features similar to orogenic gold deposits. We propose that the ores formed when the Songpan-Ganzi Fold Belt was intensely deformed by Late Triassic folding and thrusting. Large-scale thrusting resulted in regional allochthons of different scales, followed by secondary faults or fracture zones that controlled the ore bodies.     

黔东八克金矿床毒砂和黄铁矿微量元素地球化学研究

八克金矿床以矿体和围岩广泛出现毒砂为典型特征,毒砂、黄铁矿为金的主要共生矿物。对矿体及其围岩中毒砂、黄铁矿进行稀土和微量元素地球化学研究,结果显示矿体中毒砂和黄铁矿的稀土元素总量明显低于围岩的毒砂、黄铁矿,从矿体—近矿围岩—远矿围岩,毒砂、黄铁矿都出现铕的明显负异常,铈无明显异常,反映成矿流体具弱还原性;毒砂、黄铁矿微量元素含量呈现出随着成矿流体从早期到晚期的演化而减少,并普遍亏损高场强元素,富集LREE的特征;通过对黄铁矿、毒砂Hf/Sm、Nb/La和Th/La比值分析,表明八克金矿床成矿流体为富Cl型流体;从研究毒砂、黄铁矿Y/Ho、Zr/Hf和Nb/Ta比值变化范围,表明作用于围岩、矿体中的成矿流体从早期-晚期发生了改变,推测晚期成矿流体可能遭受了外来热液的混入;应用毒砂、黄铁矿中的Co/Ni比值,结合已有数据,表明成矿热液具有多来源的特点,成矿流体来源于大气降水与岩浆水不均匀混合。八克金矿是岩浆热液型的含金石英脉型金矿床。     

内蒙古乌拉特中旗图古日格金矿辉钼矿Re-Os同位素年龄及其意义

图古日格是内蒙古宝音图地块内的一例具有中型规模的金矿床。含金石英脉呈NW向穿插于各类晚古生代岩体与下元古界宝音图群地层中,矿体走向、倾向延伸相对稳定。金属矿物主要为黄铁矿、黄铜矿、方铅矿等,脉石矿物为石英、方解石等。发育硅化、绢云母化、绿泥石化、绿帘石化等围岩蚀变。与金共生的辉钼矿Re-Os等时线年龄为(305.6±4.5)Ma、模式年龄为(313.5±4.8)Ma,限定图古日格金矿是晚石炭世构造-岩浆活动的产物。辉钼矿Re含量介于42.42×10-6~307.7×10-6,显示成矿物质可能为壳幔混合来源。     

甘肃北山拾金坡金矿床地质特征及成因分析

拾金坡金矿是甘肃北山南带较为典型的含金硫化物石英脉型金矿床,矿化富集与加里东晚期—海西早期拾金坡复式岩体密切相关。矿体产于岩体的内接触带,产出部位明显受近EW向断裂破碎带的控制。矿体主要为大脉状、脉状、透镜状。矿床中发育一套典型的中温热液成因的矿物组合,矿石以强烈的绢云母化、碳酸盐化、硅化和黄铁矿化为特征,矿石的金属矿物组合为自然金_银金矿_黄铁矿_方铅矿_闪锌矿_黄铜矿,矿化属中温热液成因。硫和铅同位素显示成矿金属物质主要来自围岩,即斑状花岗岩;氢和氧同位素组成表明成矿流体来自花岗岩浆水。成矿时代属早—中海西期。因此可推断,拾金坡金矿床属于与构造_岩浆活动有关的中温岩浆热液成因矿床。     

Geology,geochronology, geochemistry and ore genesis of the Wangu gold deposit in northeastern Hunan Province,Jiangnan Orogen,South China

The Wangu gold deposit in northeastern Hunan, South China, is one of many structurally controlled gold deposits in the Jiangnan Orogen. The host rocks (slates of the Lengjiaxi Group) are of Neoproterozoic age, but the area is characterized by a number of Late Jurassic–Cretaceous granites and NE-trending faults. The timing of mineralization, tectonic setting and ore genesis of this deposit and many similar deposits in the Jiangnan Orogen are not well understood. The orebodies in the Wangu deposit include quartz veins and altered slates and breccias, and are controlled by WNW-trending faults. The principal ore minerals are arsenopyrite and pyrite, and the major gangue minerals are quartz and calcite. Alteration is developed around the auriferous veins, including silicification, pyritic, arsenopyritic and carbonate alterations. Field work and thin section observations indicate that the hydrothermal processes related to the Wangu gold mineralization can be divided into five stages: 1) quartz, 2) scheelite–quartz, 3) arsenopyrite–pyrite–quartz, 4) poly-sulfides–quartz, and, 5) quartz–calcite. The Lianyunshan S-type granite, which is in an emplacement contact with the NE-trending Changsha-Pingjiang fracture zone, has a zircon LA-ICPMS U–Pb age of 142 ± 2 Ma. The Dayan gold occurrence in the Changsha-Pingjiang fracture zone, which shares similar mineral assemblages with the Wangu deposit, is crosscut by a silicified rock that contains muscovite with a ca. 130 Ma ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar age. The gold mineralization age of the Wangu deposit is thus confined between 142 Ma and 130 Ma. This age of mineralization suggests that the deposit was formed simultaneously with or subsequently to the development of NE-trending extensional faults, the emplacement of Late Jurassic–Cretaceous granites and the formation of Cretaceous basins filled with red-bed clastic rocks in northeastern Hunan, which forms part of the Basin and Range-like province in South China. EMPA analysis shows that the average As content in arsenopyrite is 28.7 atom %, and the mineralization temperature of the arsenopyrite–pyrite–quartz stage is estimated to be 245 ± 20 °C from arsenopyrite thermometry. The high but variable Au/As molar ratios (>0.02) of pyrite suggest that there are nanoparticles of native Au in the sulfides. An integration of S–Pb–H–O–He–Ar isotope systematics suggests that the ore fluids are mainly metamorphic fluids originated from host rocks, possibly driven by hydraulic potential gradient created by reactivation of the WNW-trending faults initially formed in Paleozoic, with possible involvement of magmatic and mantle components channeled through regional fault networks. The Wangu gold deposit shares many geological and geochemical similarities as well as differences with typical orogenic, epithermal and Carlin-type gold deposits, and may be better classified as an “intracontinental reactivation” type as proposed for many other gold deposits in the Jiangnan Orogen.     

Geology and Metallogenesis of the Sawayaerdun Gold Deposit in the Southwestern Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang, China

The Sawayaerdun gold deposit, located in Wuqia County, Southwest Tianshan, China, occurs in Upper Silurian and Lower Devonian low‐grade metamorphic carbonaceous turbidites. The orebodies are controlled by a series of NE‐NNE‐trending, brittle–ductile shear zones. Twenty‐four gold mineralized zones have been recognized in the Sawayaerdun ore deposit. Among these, the up to 4‐km‐long and 200‐m wide No. IV mineralized zone is economically the most important. The average gold grade is 1–6 g/t. Gold reserves of the Sawayaerdun deposit have been identified at approximately 37 tonnes and an inferred resource of 123 tonnes. Hydrothermal alteration is characterized by silicification, pyritization, arsenopyritization, sericitization, carbonatization and chloritization. On the basis of field evidence and petrographic analysis, five stages of vein emplacement and hydrothermal mineralization can be distinguished: stage 1, early quartz stage, characterized by the occurrence of quartz veins; stage 2, arsenopyrite–pyrite–quartz stage, characterized by the formation of auriferous quartz veinlets and stockworks; stage 3, polymetallic sulfide quartz stage, characterized by the presence of auriferous polymetallic sulfide quartz veinlets and stockworks; stage 4, antimony–quartz stage, characterized by the formation of stibnite–jamesonite quartz veins; and stage 5, quartz–carbonate vein stage. Stages 2 and 3 represent the main gold mineralization, with stage 4 representing a major antimony mineralization episode in the Sawayaerdun deposit. Two types of fluid inclusion, namely H₂O–NaCl and H₂O–CO₂–NaCl types, have been recognized in quartz and calcite. Aqueous inclusions show a wide range of homogenization temperatures from 125 to 340°C, and can be correlated with the mineralization stage during which the inclusions formed. Similarly, salinities and densities of these fluids range for each stage of mineralization from 2.57 to 22 equivalent wt% NaCl and 0.76 to 1.05 g/cm³, respectively. The ore‐forming fluids thus are representative of a medium‐ to low‐temperature, low‐ to medium‐salinity H₂O–NaCl–CO₂–CH₄–N₂ system. The δ³⁴S_CDT values of sulfides associated with mineralization fall into a narrow range of ?3.0 to +2.6‰ with a mean of +0.1‰. The δ¹³C_PDB values of dolomite and siderite from the Sawayaerdun gold deposit range from ?5.4 to ?0.6‰, possibly reflecting derivation of the carbonate carbon from a mixed magmatic/sedimentary source. Changes in physico‐chemical conditions and composition of the hydrothermal fluids, water–rock exchange and immiscibility of hydrothermal fluids are inferred to have played important roles in the ore‐forming process of the Sawayaerdun gold–antimony deposit.     

青海东昆仑阿斯哈金矿床含金黄铁矿微量元素地球化学特征及其地质意义

阿斯哈金矿床是青海东昆仑造山带东段金矿床的典型代表.金矿体主要赋存于闪长岩和花岗闪长岩体的构造破碎带内,受NNE向和NNW向-NW向断裂构造控制.与金矿化密切相关的蚀变类型为黄铁矿化、硅化、绢云母化和黄铜矿化.矿石矿物主要为黄铁矿,其次是黄铜矿、方铅矿、毒砂、自然金和银金矿.据矿脉穿插关系、矿石矿物共生组合和结构构造特...     

Genesis of the Maanqiao gold deposit in the western Qinling orogen,central China: Constraints from fluid inclusions and in-situ sulfur isotopes

The western Qinling orogen (WQO) is one of the most important prospective gold provinces in China. The Maanqiao gold deposit, located on the southern margin of the Shangdan suture, is a representative gold deposit in the WQO. The Maanqiao deposit is hosted by the metasedimentary rocks of the Upper Devonian Tongyusi Formation. The EW-trending brittle-ductile shear zone controls the orebodies; they occur as disseminated, and auriferous quartz–sulfide vein. The ore-related hydrothermal alteration comprises silicification, sulfidation, sericitization, chloritization, and carbonatization. Native gold is visible and mainly associated with pyrite and pyrrhotite. Mineralization can be classified into the following three stages: bedding-parallel barren quartz–pyrite–(pyrrhotite) (early-stage), auriferous quartz–polymetallic (middle-stage), and carbonate–(quartz)–sulfide (late-stage).Detailed fluid inclusion (FI) studies revealed three types of inclusions in quartz and calcite: aqueous (W-type), CO₂–H₂O (C-type), and pure carbonic (PC-type) FIs. The primary FIs in the early-stage quartz are C- and PC-type, in the middle-stage quartz are mainly W- and C-type, and in the late-stage calcite are only W-type. During gold mineralization, the total FI homogeneous temperatures evolved from 189–375 °C (mostly 260–300 °C) to 132–295 °C (mostly 180–240 °C) to 123–231 °C (mostly 130–150 °C), and the salinities varied among 2.2–9.1 wt.% NaCl equiv. (mostly 5–8 wt.%) to 0.2–9.0 wt.% NaCl equiv. (mostly 3–6 wt.%) to 0.3–3.6 wt.% NaCl equiv. (mostly 2–4 wt.%). The ore-forming fluid was characterized as an H₂O–NaCl−CO₂−CH₄–(N₂) system with medium-low temperature and low salinity. The fluid immiscibility and fluid-rock interaction may be responsible for the precipitation of the sulfides and gold at the Maanqiao gold deposit. Three types of pyrite corresponding to the three mineralization stages, as well as pyrrhotite and arsenopyrite in the middle stage, are micro-analyzed for in-situ sulfur isotopic composition by LA-ICP-MS. Py1 yield near-zero δ³⁴S values of −2.5‰ to 3.0‰, which are somewhat lower than that of the granite hosted pyrites (Py-g, 4.8‰ to 6.6‰). The result suggests a mixed sulfur source from magmatic-hydrothermal fluids and the metamorphism of diagenetic pyrite. Pyrite + pyrrhotite + arsenopyrite assemblages in the middle-stage have relatively higher δ³⁴S values (6.6‰ to 12.3‰) and are mainly developed due to the metamorphism of the ore-host and underlying Devonian sedimentary sequences. The low δ³⁴S values of the late-stage fracture-filled Py3 (−21.9‰ to −17.0‰) resulted from an increasing oxygen fugacity, which was caused by the inflow of oxidized meteoric waters.Based on our studies, the Maanqiao gold deposit is considered to be an orogenic type and closely related to the Indosinian Qinling orogeny.     

辽宁省盖县猫岭金矿床地质特征及成因探讨

猫岭金矿床赋存于早元古代辽河群盖县组变质岩系内,空间上与印支期猫岭似斑状花岗岩体关系密切,两者相距仅0.2km,花岗岩体本身有金矿化及蚀变现象。矿床的成矿热液为一种氧逸度较低、富集碱金属及卤族(特别是Cl)元素的热液,其δD=-77——80‰,δ¹⁸O=6.05-7.38‰,δ³⁴S=6.15-10.3‰。矿床的矿石铅与猫岭花岗岩体长石铅的同位素组成不尽一致。根据上述特征可认为:猫岭金矿床为与中生代花岗岩有关的、典型的岩浆热液型金矿床,但金属成矿物质除成矿热浪本身带来外,部分还由成矿热液萃取自容矿围岩-辽河群盖县组。