凡口铅锌矿床同位素地球化学证据

对凡口铅锌矿床不同成矿阶段进行矿物包裹体温度、硫和铅同位素测定，获得成矿第Ⅰ阶段温度为300±50℃，第Ⅱ、Ⅲ阶段温度为250±50℃；并获得矿床硫化物的S同位素组成为2.1‰～26.5‰，具有δ34SPy＞δ34SSp＞δ34SGn；第Ⅰ阶段硫化物的硫同位素组成随赋存层位由老到新硫同位素有逐渐减小趋势；第Ⅱ阶段硫化物的δ34S为14.3‰～23.8‰；第Ⅲ阶段硫化物的δ34S为5.7％~15.7‰，具有从早阶段至晚阶段硫同位素组成变化范围从大至小的减小趋势。分析获得68件铅同位素数据，其中硫化物的206Pb/204Pb比值为18.023～18.847；207Pb/204Pb比值为15.700～15.820；208Pb/204Pb比值为38.056～39.796。灰岩全岩的206Pb/204Pb比值为18.230～18.860；207Pb/204Pb比值为15.640～16.000；208Pb/204Pb比值为38.714～39.960。辉绿岩的206Pb/204Pb比值为18.570～18.650；207Pb/204Pb比值为15.260～15.620；208Pb/204Pb比值为38.650～38.960。第Ⅰ阶段δ34OH2O为13.3‰~13.1‰，δD为－50.2‰～－61.5‰；第Ⅱ阶段δ18OH2O为－2.4‰～＋10.8‰，δD为－50.2‰～－63.2‰；第Ⅲ阶段δ18OH2O为－4.9‰～－14.3‰，δD为－59.0‰～－61.0‰。     

广东大宝山多金属矿床成矿物质来源同位素证据

笔者对大宝山多金属矿床矿石和脉石矿物进行铅、硫、氢和氧同位素组成测定,获得硫化物的206Pb/204Pb值为17.930～18.785;207Pb/204Pb值为15.491～15.772;208Pb/204Pb值为37.990～40.990,并组成良好的线性关系。泥盆系地层中黄铁矿的δ34S为-22.5‰～+17.9‰,矿床硫化物的δ34S为-2.4‰～+4.6‰。黄铁矿、闪锌矿和方铅矿共生矿物对,具有δ34Spy>δ34Ssp>δ34Sgn,用磁黄铁矿的硫同位素组成估算出δ34S∑S为2‰±3‰。硫化物包裹体的氢同位素在-101‰～-123‰之间,与硫化物共生石英的氧同位素为+9.3‰～+17.9‰,换算成水的氧同位素为+0.3‰～+3.9‰,表明成矿热液来源较为复杂。     

安徽水竹岭铜-铁-金-硫矿床同位素地球化学特征

水竹岭铜-铁-金-硫矿床发育上部层状矿体和下部脉状矿体。上部层状矿石重晶石δ34S值为+19.9‰。上部层状矿石黄铁矿δ34S值为+0.9～+5.8‰,下部脉状矿石黄铁矿δ34S值为+3.2～+6.4‰。下部脉状矿体中方解石的δ18O值为+13.3‰,δ13C值为1.2‰,上部层状矿石白云石的δ18O值为+14.1‰,δ13C值为2.2‰。下部脉状矿石和矿化岩石中黄铁矿的206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb、208Pb/204Pb平均值分别为18.2241、15.5245和38.2289;上部层状矿石中黄铁矿的206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb、208Pb/204Pb平均值分别为18.0692、15.5020和38.1232。从下部脉状矿石到上部层状矿石,黄铁矿的δ34S值、206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb、208Pb/204Pb平均值逐渐降低,δ18O值和δ13C值等逐渐增高。地质和同位素地球化学特征反映水竹岭铜-铁-金-硫矿床为海底热水喷流沉积成因,揭示了块状硫化物矿床的二元结构性。     

中条山铜矿床同位素地球化学研究

笔者对中条山绛县群和中条群主要铜矿床进行铅、硫、碳、氢、氧同位素测定，获得：横岭关型矿床的206Pb/204Pb比值为17.746~19.270, 207Pb/204Pb比值为15.500~15.684，208 Pb/204Pb比值为37.236~39.931,硫化物的δ34S值为-8.1‰~+36.9‰, δ18OH2O值为+1.7‰~+5.7‰, δD值为-58. 4‰~-111.3‰；铜矿峪型矿床的206Pb/204Pb比值为18.040~46.243 207Pb/204Pb比值为15.565~18.765,208Pb/204Pb比值为37.682~69.623,硫化物的产δ34S值为-7.2‰～+10.2‰, δ18OH2O为+6.3‰～+10.5‰, δD值为-52.8‰~-123.3‰;落家河型矿床的206Pb/204Pb比值为17.591~19.270, 207Pb/204Pb比值为15.494~15.684,208Pb/204Pb比值为37.263~39.931,硫化物的δ34S值为-1‰~-21.9‰, δ18OH2O值为+3.6‰~+6.4‰, δD值为-35.8‰~-70‰;胡-蓖型矿床206 Pb/204 Pb比值为18.097~249.50, 207Pb/204Pb比值为15.578~44.230,208Pb/204Pb比值为35.379~51.480,硫化物的δ34S值为3.4‰~23.2‰, δ18OH2O值为+7.5‰~+12.5‰, δD值为-36.3‰~-72.2‰。     

黄沙坪铅锌银多金属矿床硫铅同位素地球化学特征

对黄沙坪矿床硫化物期矿物进行矿物包裹体温度和成分测定，并进行热力学计算，获得毒砂－闪锌矿阶段成矿温度为300°，logfCO2为0.4～1.4；logfCH4为－2.05～2.07logfH2O为1.67～1.93；logfO2为－32.87～－38.39。对矽卡岩期和硫化物期硫化物进行硫同位素测定，获得矽卡岩期黄铁矿的δ34S为4.1‰～4.6‰； 硫化物期硫化物的δ34S为6.2‰～17.5‰，并具有δ34SSp大于δ34SGn和两组δ34SΣs值。对长石、方铅矿和闪锌矿进行了铅同位素测定，获得长石的206Pb/204Pb比值为18.429～19.305，207Pb/204Pb比值为15.598～15.905；208Pb/204Pb比值为38.647～39.235。方铅矿和闪锌矿的206Pb/204Pb比值为18.00～18.772，207Pb/204Pb比值为15.580～16.045，208Pb/204Pb比值为38.490～41.560，并呈线性排列，显示矿床硫铅是两种以上的物质来源。     

大西洋洋中脊TAG热液区硫化物铅和硫同位素研究

位于大西洋洋中脊26.08°N的 TAG 热液区是目前己知的赋存在无沉积物覆盖的洋中脊区的一个最大的海底热液硫化物矿床。新测得来自 ODP-158航次钻孔的9件热液硫化物的铅、硫同位素组成;2件铁锰氧化物和1件底盘玄武岩的铅同位素组成。结果表明,矿石硫化物的铅同位素组成~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb 为18.2343～18.3181,~(207)pb/~(204)Ph 为15.4717～15.5061,~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb 为37.7371～37.8417;它们位于该区底盘玄武岩(~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=18.1454,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb=15.4572,~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb=37.6534)和近洋底铁锰氧化物(~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb,~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb 分别为18.6907～18.9264,15.5615～15.6279,38.1164～38.3687)的铅同位素组成之间。三者呈线性相关关系,说明硫化物中铅来源于地幔(玄武岩)与海水(铁锰氧化物)的两端元混合。硫化物的硫同位素组成δ~(34)S 为6.2‰～9.5‰,它明显高于地幔玄武岩的硫同位素组成(δ~(34)S=±0‰),也高于东太平洋海隆 EPR21°N(δ~(34)S=0.9‰～4.0‰)和大西洋洋中脊 MAR23°N(δ~(34)S=1.2‰～2.8‰)等热液活动区硫化物的硫同位素组成,这一特征反映了 TAG 热液体系中硫来源于地幔玄武岩硫与海水硫酸盐无机还原作用产生的硫的两端元混合。此,铅硫同位素研究为现代大洋底热液硫化物矿床形成过程中矿质来源及流体混合作用提供了十分有益的信息。     

湘南宝山铅锌矿床硫、铅、碳、氧同位素特征及成矿物质来源

宝山铅锌矿床是湘南地区代表性矿床之一。宝山铅锌矿床的成矿作用与156~158 Ma的宝山花岗闪长斑岩密切相关。花岗闪长斑岩主要由古老地壳部分熔融而成。为确定成矿物质来源,文章系统研究了宝山铅锌矿床的硫、铅、碳、氧同位素组成特征。矿床中硫化物黄铁矿、闪锌矿、方铅矿的δ34S值呈狭窄的塔式分布,变化在-2.17‰~6.46‰之间,平均值为3.13‰。δ34S值总体表现为δ34S黄铁矿δ34S闪锌矿δ34S方铅矿,表明硫同位素分馏基本达到了平衡。矿石、花岗闪长斑岩和赋矿地层硫同位素对比研究表明,矿石中的硫主要由岩浆分异演化而来,岩浆中的硫主要来自古老地壳。矿石206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb和208Pb/204Pb比值分别为18.188~18.844、15.661~15.843和38.562~39.912,赋矿地层206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb和208Pb/204Pb比值分别为18.268~19.166、15.620~5.721和38.364~39.952。矿石铅同位素组成比地层中的更富放射性成因铅,矿石中部分铅来自宝山花岗闪长质岩浆,在成矿流体运移过程中有部分地层铅参与了成矿,岩浆中的铅主要来自古老地壳。热液方解石的碳、氧同位素组成介于岩浆和赋矿碳酸盐岩的碳、氧同位素之间,主要是由于岩浆流体和碳酸盐岩不同比例的水岩反应所致,测水组有机碳的加入造成了部分热液方解石δ13CPDB值偏低。     

赣南西华山钨矿床硫、铅同位素组成对成矿物质来源的示踪

为明确西华山钨矿床成矿物质的来源,本文以矿床中的硫化物和钾长石为研究对象,通过硫化物中硫、铅同位素的研究,对矿床成矿物质来源进行探讨。结果表明,矿石中黄铁矿δ34S值为-2.1‰~0.4‰,辉钼矿δ34S值为4‰~7.9‰,硫主要来源于岩浆。辉钼矿、黄铁矿、钾长石的206 Pb/204 Pb值分别为18.718~18.849、18.640~18.745、18.698~18.792;207Pb/204Pb值分别为15.762~15.770、15.704~15.747、15.697~15.724;208 Pb/204 Pb值分别为39.094~39.134、38.902~39.056、38.904~39.012。由此判断矿床中矿石铅与岩石铅同位素组成具有同源关系,矿石铅主要来自与岩浆作用有关的上地壳;成矿物质来源于上地壳重熔形成的花岗岩浆,即上地壳岩浆侵位,为成矿作用提供部分成矿物质,同时也暗示成矿物质是由体现壳源特征的西华山复式岩体提供。     

湖南香花岭锡多金属矿床同位素地球化学研究

笔者对湖南香花岭锡多金属矿床成矿期不同的矿物组合进行矿物包裹体温度和硫、铅同位素测定,获得了锡石-硫化物阶段平均-温度为350℃,硫化物阶段平均均-温度为250℃.锡石-硫化物中黄铁矿的δ34为-1.O‰～+5.4‰;闪锌矿的δ34S为+0.8‰-+5.8‰;磁黄铁矿的δ34S为+1.5‰～5.2‰;方铅矿的δ34S为-1.0‰+3.6‰,具有变化范围小,组成稳定的特点.方铅矿的206Pb/204Pb值为17.785～19.341,207Pb/204Pb值为15.416～16.452,208Pb/204Pb值为38.357～42.579.硫同位素指示硫来源于岩浆,铅同位素指示是多来源.     

新疆霍什布拉克铅锌矿床硫铅同位素地球化学研究

对新疆霍什布拉克铅锌矿床硫化物硫、铅同位素测定,获得成矿早期黄铁矿的δ34S值为-12.1‰～-8.5‰,闪锌矿的δ34S值为-17.6‰,方铅矿的δ34S值为-18.8‰;晚期黄铁矿的δ34S值为+12.8‰～+22.2‰,闪锌矿的δ34S值为+20.0‰～+24.2‰,方铅矿的δ34S值为+14.4‰+22.2‰.成矿从早到晚,硫同位素由大的负值变化到大的正值,方铅矿的206 Pb/204 Pb比值为17.900-18.086,207Pb/204Pb比值为15.586-15.732,208Pb/204Pb比值为37.997-38.381;黄铁矿的206Pb/204Pb比值为17.950,207 pb/204Pb比值为15.633,208 pb/204 Pb比值为38.144.灰岩的206pb/204 Pb比值为18.156-18.875,207Pb/204Pb比值为15.396-15.855,208Pb/204Pb比值为37.631-38.967.硫同位素指示硫来源于海水硫酸盐还原硫.铅同位素指示至少有两上以上来源.     

Fluid Inclusions and Hydrogen,Oxygen, and Lead Isotopes of the Antuoling Molybdenum Deposit,Northern Taihang Mountains,China

The Antuoling Mo deposit is a major porphyry‐type deposit in the polymetallic metallogenic belt of the northern Taihang Mountains, China. The processes of mineralization in this deposit can be divided into three stages: an early quartz–pyrite stage, a middle quartz–polymetallic sulfide stage, and a late quartz–carbonate stage. Four types of primary fluid inclusions are found in the deposit: two‐phase aqueous inclusions, daughter‐mineral‐bearing multiphase inclusions, CO₂–H₂O inclusions, and pure CO₂ inclusions. From the early to the late ore‐forming stages, the homogenization temperatures of the fluid inclusions are 300 to >500°C, 270–425°C, and 195–330°C, respectively, with salinities of up to 50.2 wt%, 5.3–47.3 wt%, and 2.2–10.4 wt% NaCl equivalent, revealing that the ore‐forming fluids changed from high temperature and high salinity to lower temperature and lower salinity. Moreover, based on the laser Raman spectra, the compositions of the fluid inclusions evolved from the NaCl–CO₂–H₂O to the NaCl–H₂O system. The δ¹⁸O_H2O and δD values of quartz in the deposit range from +3.9‰ to +7.0‰ and ?117.5‰ to ?134.2‰, respectively, reflecting the δD of local meteoric water after oxygen isotopic exchange with host rocks. The Pb isotope values of the sulfides (²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, 36.320–37.428; ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, 15.210–15.495; ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, 16.366–17.822) indicate that the ore‐forming materials originated from a mixed upper mantle–lower crust source.     

Geochemical Characteristics of Gold Polymetallic Deposits as Exemplified by the Laozuoshan Deposit,Heilong jiang,China

From the studies of ore deposit geologic settings,sulfur isotopes,lead isotopes,carbon isotopes and oxygen isotopes,fluid inclusions and petrochemistry in this paper,the authors have drawn a conclusion that the ore-forming hydrothermal solutions are the high-temperature magmatic hydrothermal solutions for the gold ore deposit,and at the same time,the involvemety of crustal materials can not be ruled out .It is the first time that the authors have proposed that the Laozuoshan gold-ploymetallic ore deposit in Heilongjiang Province was formed in the calc-alkaline series environment at the margin of an active continent.     

中国SEDEX型矿床成矿流体硼、硅、氦-氩同位素组成研究评述

SEDEX型矿床成矿流体的研究是矿床地球化学研究的重要课题之一。正确识别系统中不同的流体来源及其混合过程,是深刻理解SEDEX型矿床形成演化的关键。系统总结了国内几个典型的SEDEX型矿床同位素研究成果,认为B和Si同位素是根据SEDEX型矿床独特的矿物组合而提出的一种示踪方法,对矿床成因和沉积环境示踪效果理想;He、Ar同位素则因为在地壳和地幔储库中有极不相同的组成,是理想的幔源流体示踪剂。鉴于SEDEX型矿床含有电气石、黄铁矿、硅质岩等特殊的矿物与岩石组合,B、Si、He-Ar同位素可能更适合SEDEX型矿床矿化流体来源研究,并指出其理论发展的薄弱之处。     

湘南宝山矿床REE、Pb-S同位素地球化学及黄铁矿Rb-Sr同位素定年

湘南宝山矿区的花岗闪长岩体、地层(灰岩)、方解石及黄铁矿具有相似的稀土元素地球化学特征,即轻稀土富集和Eu负异常。其中,黄铁矿表现为最低的稀土总量、明显的Eu负异常和较明显的Ce负异常,这反映了流体的稀土元素地球化学特征。认为成矿流体既有来自花岗闪长岩体的岩浆水参与,又有大气降水的作用。本次工作的矿床硫化物单矿物Pb同位素组成变化范围较小,在铅同位素构造演化图上均位于地壳演化线附近,反映的主要是地壳的信息。矿床硫化物S同位素组成与岩体及围岩地层基本一致,属于同源。通过对六个黄铁矿样品的Rb-Sr同位素分析,获得宝山矿床的Rb-Sr等时线年龄为174±7Ma,MSWD=0.55,黄铁矿的(87Sr/86Sr)i为0.70912±0.00016,高于花岗闪长岩体的锶同位素初始比值。黄铁矿Rb-Sr等时线年龄与花岗闪长岩体的单颗粒锆石U-Pb年龄十分一致,表明矿床的形成与岩体有密切的联系,花岗闪长岩体提供了矿床形成所需要的能量和部分流体,而地层也提供了部分成矿物质。     

辽东砖庙矿区硼矿床的海相蒸发成因——来自硼、硫、碳同位素的证据

辽宁砖庙硼矿区的硼矿体呈层状或透镜状赋存于辽河群里尔峪组火山-沉积建造下部的蛇纹石化大理岩中,内部含有大量镁橄榄岩包裹体。本研究利用LA-MC-ICP-MS技术对砖庙硼矿区内的硼矿石硼同位素进行了微区原位分析,对矿石及大理岩围岩的硫、碳稳定同位素进行了系统研究。硼矿石的δ11BNIST SRM-951为12.6‰~13.9‰,具海相蒸发沉积特征;硼矿石和大理岩的δ34SV-CDT为11.6‰~24.3‰,具海相沉积成因特征;矿体上下层位中蛇纹石化大理岩的δ13CV-PDB为–5.0‰~–0.5‰,部分未蛇纹石化大理岩的δ13CV-PDB为4.1‰~4.6‰,具有古元古代海相碳酸盐岩特有的碳同位素正异常现象。据此提出,砖庙矿区的硼矿床可能形成于海相蒸发沉积和火山喷发旋回交替的滨海环境,随后同期喷发的超基性火山岩覆盖于海相蒸发沉积成因硼矿体之上,保护了易溶的硼酸盐矿物,经后期变质和热液改造,形成目前独特的硼酸盐矿物,碳酸盐岩与超基性岩岩石组合。     

广西大厂锡多金属矿床硅质岩和层状矿体氧硅同位素研究

作者对大厂地区泥盆纪地层中的不同成历的硅质岩进行了系统的硅氧同位素研究。其中一种是与矿化无关的浅海放射虫硅质岩，其硅质来自海水的溶解硅，表现出低的负δ30Si值和变化较大的δ18O值；另一种岩石可能属海底喷气成因，表现出你的负δ30Si值和均一的δ18O值，与硫化物成矿作用有密切关系。     

克里阳钾镁煌斑岩同位素地球化学特征

通过研究表明，克里阳钾镁煌斑岩的δ^13C值为-2．79‰～-3．3‰，δ^18O值为 14．5796‰～ 16．43‰。其相容元素Cr、Ni，不相容元素Ba、Sr、Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Th含量比较亏损，惰性元素及放射性生热元素等(除U外)均较亏损，极亏损高场强元素Nb、Ti、Ta，说明其产出可能与古俯冲作用有关。这些特征均表明，该区钾镁煌斑岩比较完好地保存着源区特征。克里阳钾镁煌斑岩的Sr初始比值为0．70807，与国际同类岩石相比有些偏高，在中国属中度；Pb同位素比值^206Pb／^204Pb为18．3556。从Pb、Sr同位素组成及其他地球化学特征来看，它们很可能也反映了一种亏损地幔为主和再循环的壳源物质的混合作用。     

六合—仪征第三纪碱性玄武岩的钕—锶同位素组成

本文报道了六合－仪征碱性玄武岩分布区１１个样品的同位素组成，１４３Ｎｄ／１４４Ｎｄ为０．５１２８４９～０．５１２９９３，８７Ｓｒ／８６Ｓｒ为０．７０３３６～０．７０４０４，类似于大洋玄武岩同位素体系中的ＰＲＥＭＡ地幔端元．玄武岩源区同位素和微量元素的解耦特征表明地幔源区演化的多阶段性。     

Shoreline tufa and tufaglomerate from Pleistocene Lake Bonneville,Utah, USA: stable isotopic and mineralogical records of lake conditions,processes, and climate

Shoreline carbonate deposits of Pleistocene Lake Bonneville record the conditions and processes within the lake, including the evaporative balance as well as vertical and lateral chemical and isotopic gradients. Tufas (swash‐zone) and tufaglomerates (cemented, subaqueous colluvium or beachrock) on multiple, well‐developed shorelines near the Silver Island Range, Utah, also present an opportunity to examine physicochemical lake processes through time. Three shorelines are represented by carbonate deposits, including the 23–20 ka Stansbury stage, 15–14.5 ka Bonneville stage, and 14.5–14 ka Provo stage. Mean δ¹⁸O_VSMOW values of all three shorelines are statistically indistinguishable ( ～ 27 ± 1‰), when a few Bonneville samples of unusual composition are neglected. However, differences in primary carbonate mineralogy indicate that the correspondence is an artefact of the different fractionation factors between calcite or aragonite and water. Second, in order to sustain a much smaller, shallower lake during the colder Stansbury stage, the climate must have also been relatively dry. Third, δ¹⁸O values in tufa are higher than tufaglomerate by ～ 0.5‰, consistent with greater evaporative enrichment of lake water in the swash zone. Fourth, mean δ¹³C values for the Provo, Stansbury and Bonneville shorelines (4.4, 5.0 and 5.2‰, respectively) show that carbon species were dominated by atmospheric exchange, with the variations produced by differences in the oxidation of organic matter. Comparisons of shoreline carbonates with deep‐lake marls of the same approximate age indicate that shoreline carbonate was much higher in δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O values (both ～ 2.5‰) during Bonneville time, whereas isotopic differences were minor (both ～ 1‰) in Stansbury time. In particular, the Bonneville stage may have sustained large vertical or lateral isotopic gradients due to evaporative enrichment effects on δ¹⁸O values. In contrast, the lake during the much shallower Stansbury stage may have been well mixed. Differences in the primary mineralogy (Stansbury and Bonneville, aragonite > calcite; Provo, calcite > aragonite) reflect profound differences in lake chemistry in terms of open versus closed‐basin lakes. The establishment of a continuous outlet during Provo time probably reduced the Mg²⁺/Ca²⁺ ratio of lake water. Curiously, regardless of primary mineralogy, tufaglomerate cements are enriched in Na⁺ and Cl^? and depleted in Mg²⁺ relative to capping tufa of the same age. This probably reflects vital or kinetic effects in the swash zone (tufa). We suspect that ‘abiotic’ effects may have been important in the dark pore space of developing tufaglomerate, where the absence of light suppressed photosynthesis. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.