时频技术在砂砾岩体沉积期次划分中的应用方法初探

砂砾岩体为近物源、快速堆积近岸水下扇沉积,扇体厚度大,横向变化快,巨厚砂砾岩体内部精细地层划分对比为勘探难点.通过三维地震资料时频分析技术,砂砾岩体内幕岩性划分结果与岩心资料、成像资料吻合率较高,为该区厚层砂砾岩体内部地层精细划分与对比提供可靠地质依据,对隐蔽油气藏勘探具良好实用性及应用前景.     

胜坨地区沙河街组沙四上亚段砂砾岩体沉积相与油气分布

摘 要 胜坨地区沙四上亚段发育了以砂砾岩扇体为主的沉积体系,在深水区存在各种浊积砂砾岩体。本文在岩心观察和描述的基础上,结合测井等资料,对胜坨地区沙四上亚段砂砾岩体的沉积特征进行了研究,并分析了其油气分布特征。结果表明胜坨地区沙四上亚段在同生断层的下降盘主要发育水进型扇三角洲沉积体系,同时还广泛发育了重力流水道和滑塌浊积扇等浊积砂砾岩体。该区各类砂砾岩油藏在平面上由洼陷中心向边缘相带依次分布岩性油气藏—构造油气藏—地层油气藏,油气分布明显受沉积相控制,不同的相带储层物性差异明显。扇三角洲扇中部位储集物性较好,为油气聚集有利相带;滑塌浊积扇和重力流水道等浊积岩体次之;扇三角洲扇根、扇端则因储集物性较差,含油气性较差。此外,继承性深洼陷与岩性的分区性对油气分布有较大的影响。     

基于沉积相反演的砂砾岩体沉积期次精细划分与对比

砂砾岩体一般为多期发育、多次沉积的复合体,其内部结构非常复杂,对砂砾岩体沉积期次的精细划分与对比问题,国内外尚无很好的解决先例.本文提出了基于沉积相反演的砂砾岩体沉积期次精细划分方法.文章在岩芯观察和描述的基础上,用岩芯对成像测井资料进行刻度,建立研究区成像测并模式,并精确地识别出鲍马层序、高密度浊流序列和中扇辫状水道...     

东营凹陷北部陡坡带利563区块沙四上亚段砂砾岩扇体沉积特征及沉积模式

东营凹陷北部陡坡带发育的大量砂砾岩扇体在油气勘探与开发中占据重要地位。本文研究针对东营北带利563区块沙四上亚段砂砾岩扇体及其中发育的重力流沉积,通过岩心精细描述,依据岩性、粒度、构造将砂砾岩扇体划分出12种岩相。然后以发育相同水动力条件为单元,依据岩性和沉积机理将岩相在垂向上进行组合,划分8种水动力类型和8种岩相组合类型。再基于砂砾岩沉积的空间分布、尺度大小、接触关系和根据沉积物中泥岩的结构、纹理所细分出的7种泥岩类型所代表的各种环境,定义了5种砂砾岩扇体沉积形态特征：近端厚层砾石沉积、限制性水道沉积、非限制性舌状体沉积、非河道薄层沉积、远端细粒沉积。认为该区砂砾岩扇体为近岸水下扇,包括扇根沟道、沟道间、扇中辫状水道、水道间、扇中前缘、扇端泥6种沉积微相类型并归纳其综合鉴定特征。最终建立本区砂砾岩扇体的沉积过程和沉积模式。     

东营凹陷民丰北带沙四上亚段砂砾岩体沉积相带边界划分

东营凹陷民丰北带地区深层砂砾岩体钻井数少,常规沉积相研究方法主观因素过多,加之常规地震属性技术无法准确刻画砂砾岩体沉积相边界,导致该地区沉积相边界划分存在分歧。在总结薄层调谐反射理论的基础上,以沉积学规律为指导,应用分频解释技术对东营凹陷民丰北带地区沙四上亚段发育的砂砾岩体的沉积相带进行了划分。结果表明:东营凹陷民丰北带砂砾岩体为近岸水下扇沉积成因,细分为近岸水下扇扇根、扇中和扇端3个亚相;砂砾岩体发育段在地震频谱上具有频陷特征,是薄层细粒沉积与厚层粗粒沉积的综合地震反映;低频振幅调谐体切片反映扇根沉积特征,中频振幅调谐体切片反映扇中沉积特征,高频振幅调谐体切片反映扇端沉积特征;横向上,砂砾岩体靠近陈南断层分布,由陈南断层向南依次为扇根、扇中、扇端亚相;纵向上,砂砾岩体向陈南断层方向呈退积式发育。该研究成果对岩电关系复杂、常规地震属性较难识别的少井区具有一定的指导意义。     

东营凹陷北部陡坡带砂砾岩体的内幕研究

砂砾岩体一般为多期发育、多次沉积的复合体,其内部结构和油水关系非常复杂。目前,对这类油气藏的描述国内外尚无先例。文章对地震剖面进行频率－时间谱扫描和水平频率－时间谱扫描,详细解剖了砂砾岩体的内部结构并划分其沉积旋回,其结果与钻井结果完全吻合。利用该方法,在没有钻井资料的情况下可以预测沉积旋回,并且根据沉积旋回判断砂砾岩体的发育期数和物源供给情况。同时,利用合成声波剖面,对砂砾岩体的内部油层对比做了     

泌阳凹陷南部陡坡带砂砾岩体预测方法

在层序地层学研究的基础上,综合利用地球物理技术对泌阳凹陷南部陡坡带进行砂砾岩体储层预测。根据泌阳凹陷南部陡坡带扇三角洲储层的沉积特点,利用古地貌的沟扇对应理论研究砂砾岩扇体的空间展布;利用地震多属性分析技术判断砂砾岩体的发育规模;利用约束地震反演技术描述了砂体的空间分布规律。建立了一套综合预测泌阳凹陷南部陡坡带砂砾岩体空间展布的方法。     

东营凹陷王庄地区古近纪沙河街组三段扇三角洲砂砾岩体沉积特征分析

本文利用现代沉积学、测井学和地震勘探等手段，对王庄地区砂砾岩扇体特征进行了研究，认为该区在古近纪以形成古近系的较高水动力能砂砾岩扇体沉积体为主，其中扇三角洲砂砾岩体是本区最主要的砂砾岩扇体类型，并具有较好的储集性能，是本区最主要的油气储集体；王庄地区砂砾岩扇体沉积，强烈地受控于边界构造条件；砂砾岩扇体沉积及其形态均受沉积相的控制，并具有复杂多变的特征，从而导致了本区油气藏的聚集和分布具有复杂多变的特点。     

准噶尔西北缘玛北地区扇三角洲砂砾岩岩相分类及储集意义

准噶尔盆地西北缘三叠系处于大型逆冲推覆断裂带,盆地边缘同生断裂构造活动强烈,发育砂砾岩为主的扇三角洲沉积体系。通过对玛北地区三叠系百口泉组砂砾岩储层取芯段岩芯观察和描述、岩石薄片、扫描电镜、测井以及储层物性数据的分析,结合砂砾岩岩石构成、层理类型、沉积层序和测井曲线响应特征,对准噶尔盆地西北缘砂砾岩体岩性进行精细刻画,建立岩相模式,划分出同沉积相(微相)相符的11种岩相:其中扇三角洲前缘水下河道砂砾岩相、扇三角洲平原辫状河道砂砾岩相叠置连片展布,是最有利的储集体;扇三角洲前缘水下主河道砾岩相、水下河道末端砂岩相及河口坝—远砂坝砂岩相分布局限,储集性良好,为有利"甜点"区;水上泥石流砾岩相和水下泥石流砂砾岩相与扇三角洲平原和前缘分流河道间储集性较差的细粒砂泥岩相组成百口泉组油藏致密的顶底板;前扇三角洲粉砂岩相和泥岩相可作为良好的区域性盖层。不同的岩相类型及沉积条件提供了准噶尔西北缘百口泉组大规模低渗透岩性油气藏优良的储盖组合及顶底板条件。     

渤海海域砂砾岩体沉积响应进展及热点

随着全球能源需求日益增长，砂砾岩油气藏研究逐步深入，新疆准噶尔盆地玛湖大型砾岩油藏与渤海海域渤中19-6大型整装凝析气田获重大发现，使得砂砾岩体成为油气勘探新领域.当前，砂砾岩体沉积响应研究集中于陡坡背景或造山带背景，重点解析冲积扇、扇三角洲、近岸水下扇与湖底扇体系的结构样式、控制因素、沉积模式及其差异性，但机制成因方面存在多解性.渤海海域内砂砾岩体主要发育于始新世陡坡背景与中新世初期缓坡背景，其中始新世砂砾岩沿断裂陡坡带呈裙带状近源堆积，热点集中于其结构识别及期次刻画，以期准确预测地下砂砾岩体储层时空分布；而中新世初期转换界面处砂砾岩广泛分布且伴随岩浆活动，难点在于明确砂砾岩体沉积学信息、年代学信息同重大板块构造变革间响应关系，厘定大面积砂砾岩体分布的成因机制及发育模式.砂砾岩体沉积响应的研究方向将立足于完善岩相划分标准、依据，深化其与区域构造事件关联性，定量化解析沉积充填响应过程及工业化刻画其圈闭目标，系统研究对揭示渤海海域新生代盆地形成演化有重大理论意义，同时可服务大中型砂砾岩油气田的勘探需求.      

Electrofacies in gas shale from well log data via cluster analysis: A case study of the Perth Basin,Western Australia

Identifying reservoir electrofacies has an important role in determining hydrocarbon bearing intervals. In this study, electrofacies of the Kockatea Formation in the Perth Basin were determined via cluster analysis. In this method, distance data were initially calculated and then connected spatially by using a linkage function. The dendrogram function was used to extract the cluster tree for formations over the study area. Input logs were sonic log (DT), gamma ray log (GR), resistivity log (IND), and spontaneous potential (SP). A total of 30 reservoir electrofacies were identified within this formation. Integrated geochemical and petrophysics data showed that zones with electrofacies 3, 4, 9, and 10 have potential for shale gas production. In addition, the results showed that cluster analysis is a precise, rapid, and cost-effective method for zoning reservoirs and determining electrofacies in hydrocarbon reservoirs.     

Logs Fluid Typing Methods and Adaptive Analysis of Tight Sandstone Reservoir of Yingcheng Formation in Lishu Fault

Tight clastic reservoirs are characterized with low porosity and low permeability, which reduce contributions of reservoir fluids to geophysical logging responses, and it is more difficult to identify fluids of the reservoir. Therefore, it is necessary to study log interpretation and comprehensive evaluation methods for such clastic reservoirs. This study focused on geological characteristics of tight clastic reservoir of Yingcheng formation in Lishu Fault. Based on logs sensitivity to fluids, some fluid typing methods were discussed in detail, which included log curve overlap method, acoustic time overlapping method from density and neutron logs, porosity difference and ratio method, porosity-resistivity crossplot, normal distribution method, and other methods, and some effective fluid evaluation method were established and optimized. These above-mentioned methods were verified, which could achieve layer qualitative identification of tight sandstone in the study area. By contrast, two logs overlapping methods, porosity difference and ratio method, resistivity-porosity crossplot are more suitable for natural gas reservoirs, while porosity difference and ratio method, porosity-resistivity chart, normal distribution method are more suitable for oil and water reservoirs. The case study suggests that these methods be combined to archive more correct log interpretation in the study area, which provides important decision-making reference for oilfield exploration and development.     

测井曲线重构和频谱分析技术在塔里木盆地塔河油田卡拉沙依组储层预测中的应用

由于受不同地质情况的影响,常规测井曲线不能很好地解决特殊地质问题。针对塔河油田三区石炭系卡拉沙依组的储层地质特征,利用频谱分析技术对伽马、中子测井曲线进行处理。与常规测井曲线比较,地层的旋回特征在频谱分析曲线上更加明显。根据相同地层具有相似旋回性的原理,利用伽马、中子频谱分析曲线进行地层横向对比,使研究区卡拉沙依组砂泥段的砂组划分、对比达到了协调和统一;以声波曲线为本体,结合反映岩性的测井曲线(伽马、中子、自然电位等曲线),应用曲线重构技术构建储层特征曲线,为测井约束反演提供地质依据,使反演结果更接近于地质实际情况。利用反演资料进行储层预测的结果与测井解释有利储层段进行比较,吻合率和较吻合率分别为71.6%、11.3%。     

Hydrocarbon Vertical Continuity Evaluation in the Cretaceous Reservoirs of Azadegan Oilfield, Southwest of Iran: Implications for Reservoir Geochemistry

A collection of data obtained from analytical methods in geochemistry along with the reservoir engineering and geologic data were used to investigate the reservoir continuity in the Cretaceous Fahliyan, Gadavan, Kazhdumi and Sarvak reservoirs of the super-giant Azadegan oilfield, SW Iran. The geochemical data indicate that the oil samples, with medium to high level of thermal maturity, have been generated from the anoxic marine marl/carbonate source rock(s). The Sargelu (Jurassic) and Garau (Cretaceous) formations are introduced as the main source rocks for the studied oils. The dendrogram obtained from the cluster analysis of high-resolution gas chromatography data introduces two main oil groups including Fahliyan reservoir, and Kazhdumi along with Sarvak/Gadvan reservoirs. This is confirmed by C7 Halpern star diagram, indicating that, the light oil fraction from Fahliyan reservoir is distinct from the others. Also, different pressure gradient of the Fahliyan Formation (over-pressured) relative to other reservoirs (normally-pressured) show the presence of compartments. The relation between toluene/n-heptane and n-heptane/methylcyclohexane represents the compartmentalization due to maturation/evaporative fractionation for Fahliyan and water washing for other studied reservoirs. Also, the impermeable upper part of the Fahliyan Formation and thin interbedded shaly layers in the Kazhdumi, Sarvak and Gadvan formations have controlled reservoir compartmentalization.     

马坑山公路隧道岩爆预测研究

岩爆是高地应力条件下地下洞室开挖过程中经常遇到的一种动力失稳的地质灾害,直接威胁施工人员和设备的安全。论述了岩爆的定义、特征及发生机理,应用国内外相关岩爆判据判定和理论分析,提出对马坑山隧道开挖过程中是否会产生岩爆做出了最终判定。     

Assessment of Reservoir Rock Properties from Rock Physics Modeling and Petrophysical Analysis of Borehole Logging Data to Lessen Uncertainty in Formation Characterization in Ratana Gas Field,Northern Potwar,Pakistan

Petrophysical evaluation and rock physics analysis are the important tools to relate the reservoir properties like porosity, permeability, pore fluids with seismic parameters. Nevertheless, the uncertainties always exist in the quantification of elastic and seismic parameters estimated through wireline logs and rock physics analysis. A workflow based on statistical relationships of rock physics and logs derived elastic and seismic parameters with porosity and the percentage error exist between them is given. The statistical linear regressions are developed for early Eocene Chorgali Formation between various petrophysically factors determined from borehole logging of well Ratana–03 drilled in tectonically disturbed zone and the seismic and elastic parameters estimated through rock physics modeling. The rock physics constraints such as seismic velocities, effective density and elastic moduli calculated from Gassmann fluid substation analysis are in harmony and close agreement to those estimated from borehole logs. The percentage errors between well logs and rock physics computed saturated bulk modulus (K _sat ), effective density (ρ _eff ), compressional and shear wave velocities (V _P and _V S) are 1.31%, 4.23 %, 5.25% and 4.01% respectively. The permeability of reservoir intervals show fairly strong linear relationship with the porosity, indicating that the reservoir interval of the Chorgali Formation is permeable and porous thus having large potential of hydrocarbon accumulation and production.     

CFD油田火山岩展布特征及其对油藏的控制作用

火山岩复合油气藏特征独特,为揭示该类油气藏的特征和拓展勘探思路,论述了火山岩的特征及其对油藏的控制作用.综合薄片、钻井、测井和地震资料研究火山岩的岩相特征和发育模式,采用岩电分析和测井响应特征研究手段定量识别玄武岩和凝灰岩.在此基础上,依据地球物理手段确定火山岩和砂泥岩的波阻抗界限值,并基于测井约束下的波阻抗反演和东营组局部井区杂乱反射的地震特征,实现复杂岩性背景下火山岩的刻画和分布预测.论证结果:馆陶组为火山大规模活动期,发育大套火山岩,火山岩主要分布于油田南部和西南部.东营组和沙河街组火山小规模活动,发育少量火山岩,零星分布于油田的局部井区;主断裂区火山岩较厚,远离断裂区火山岩相对较薄,主断裂控制火山岩的发育程度和分布;火山岩岩性致密,可作为油藏的盖层和侧向遮挡层,并占据外来碎屑岩的沉积空间;火山岩是研究区油气成藏的必要条件,但其分割圈闭,控制和限制碎屑岩储层的分布,也限定了油藏的类型和规模,并对原油物性具有一定的影响.研究成果揭示了渤海湾盆地中新生界新的勘探领域,也可为该类油田的油藏评价和开发部署提供范例.      

高分辨率层序地层学在河流相油田开发中的应用

河流相是我国陆相盆地重要的油气储集层系类型之一,开发阶段应用高分辨率层序地层学进行河流相高精度小层划分,对于指导河道砂体的精细划分对比有重要意义。由于受到河流相地层自旋回沉积、沉积间歇面的作用、河型和砂体叠置样式的变化以及基准面旋回的级次的划分等复杂因素的影响,在开发阶段进行高精度层序对比时,难度更大。运用高分辨率层序地层学原理和方法,综合分析河流相模式的特点,充分利用河流相岩相、相序的组合特征随空容纳空间规律性变化,结合各种关键面的约束控制、油水界面在小层内部空间的分布位置以及河道的切割充填作用,进行精细河流相小层划分对比。旨在摸索一套油田开发中后期河流相高精度层序划分的思路和方法,以指导油田的生产开发。并以渤海Q油田明化镇组为例,在实际应用中取得了较好的效果。     

人工神经网络在识别浅覆盖区地质体中的应用

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