夏季大连湾溶解氧分布变化特征及其与营养盐的关系

根据2006年7月大连湾海域溶解氧的实测数据及相关同步调查资料,对溶解氧含量分布、周日变化及其与营养盐的关系进行了分析.结果表明:夏季大连湾表底层溶解氧平面分布趋势一致,均表现为湾里和近岸低,且自湾里向湾口外逐渐增大的趋势,潮流场的分布是这一分布趋势形成的关键原因所在.夏季大连湾表底层溶解氧周日变化影响因素各不相同,表层溶解氧白天受浮游植物影响显著,夜晚表现出一定潮汐性,而底层溶解氧周日变化趋势与盐度相一致,但时间滞后,呈现出较显著的潮汐性.该海域营养盐的再生与溶解氧有着密切的关系,尤其是NH4-N、P04-P与表观耗氧量呈现非常好的相关性,无机氮中NH4-N是有机物氧化的主要产物.本海域N、P营养元素中N是初级生产力的主要控制因素,ACN /ACp比值偏低并不是氮的含量低,而是因为磷的含量相对比较高导致了该海域N、P比值的失衡.     

钦州湾营养盐的分布特征及影响因素

利用2008-2009 年4个航次的调查资料,研究了钦州湾海域营养盐的分布变化特征。结果表明,钦州湾营养盐分布 呈显著的季节变化。NO3-N和NO2-N 夏季含量最高,NH4-N和PO4-P 含量冬季最高,夏季最低,秋季DIN 的形态以NH4-N 为主,而夏季则以NO3-N为主。CN /CP 夏季>春季>秋季>冬季,该海域春季和夏季浮游植物生长受P 限制。NO3-N 和NO2-N 的平面分布基本呈现钦州湾内向湾外逐渐降低的分布规律,径流输入是影响其分布的主要因素,在外湾余流作用对其分布规 律影响显著,NH4-N和PO4-P平面分布规律则受到外海环境因素的影响。经与历史资料对比,DIN 和CN/CP呈逐年代大幅上 升的变化趋势,钦州湾营养盐结构已从N缺乏到P缺乏转变。     

大规模增养殖区柘林湾叶绿素a的时空分布

柘林湾是粤东一个大规模海水增养殖区和赤潮重灾区.2001年7月至2002年7月对柘林湾及其周边水域(共设19个站位)进行的叶绿素a含量周年调查结果表明,调查海区叶绿素a站位实测值年变化为0.01~3.26 mg/m3,均值为0.56 mg/m3.平面分布的基本格局表现为湾顶黄冈河内与湾口外侧海域的叶绿素a含量明显高于湾内的,湾内外侧和东部水域的叶绿素a含量明显高于湾内内侧和湾西部的.结合同步调查的水化数据得知,柘林湾是一个高营养盐、低叶绿素的海湾,其原因可能与高密度、大规模海水增养殖业引起的水流不畅、水下光照减弱和养殖贝类的摄食等有关.柘林湾叶绿素a含量的季节变化显著,最高值出现在2001年夏季8月,最低值出现在冬季1月和2002年7月,其中2002年7月的叶绿素a含量仅为2001年7月的1/10左右.这种巨大的年际间变化显然与2001~2002年厄尔尼诺现象导致粤东地区于2002年春夏期间气候异常、干旱少雨、径流剧减和调查海区浊度大幅升高有关.     

辽河口水域溶解氧与营养盐调查与分类

根据2003年9月辽河口水域营养盐和溶解氧的调查结果,讨论了辽河口水体中的溶解性无机氮(NO3-N、NO2-N、NH3-N)、活性磷酸盐(PO4-P)和溶解氧(DO)的含量、分布与变化特征以及相关关系。结果表明：辽河口溶解态无机氮含量范围为3．26～59．67μmol／L,活性磷酸盐含量范围为0．05～0．95μmol／L,溶解氧范围为0．086～0．208mmol／L。溶解氧、营养盐关系的统计分析结果表明：DIN与AOU(表观耗氧量),PO4-P与AOU之间显著或高度显著相关,营养盐之间也存在相关性,并对调查区域水质进行评价分类。     

荣成湾营养盐的时空分布特征及其影响因素分析

根据2009年2月、5月、8月、11月4个航次的调查数据,分析了荣成湾水体的溶解无机氮(DIN)、磷酸盐(PO4-P)、硅酸盐(Sio3-Si)的时空分布特征及其影响因素,并对荣成湾营养盐的潜在限制进行了讨论.结果表明,荣成湾营养盐含量及分布与养殖海带的生长周期有着紧密的联系:海带生长初期(11月)营养盐含量较高,营养盐的平面分布呈近岸高外海低的变化趋势,NO3-N为DIN的主要成分;海带生长后期(5月份)水体营养盐含量较低,DIN分布趋势与11月份基本一致,PO4-P表现为湾中部较高,近岸和湾外较低,NO3-N和NHL-N是DIN的主要成分;海带收获后期(8月份)营养盐含量极低,DIN呈近岸浓度低外海浓度高的变化趋势,PO4-P和SiO3-Si则呈近岸高外海低的变化趋势,DIN主要以NH4-N为主.荣成湾水体浮游植物生长在春、秋和冬季基本不受营养盐的限制,夏季主要受到P的限制,基本不受N、Si的限制.     

2000～2002年柘林湾浮游枝角类的生态特征

2000年7月～2002年7月的调查结果表明,广东柘林湾浮游枝角类有3种,隶属于2科3属.其中,鸟喙尖头氵蚤(Penilia avirostris)为全年优势种,合计占浮游动物总个体数的9.08%和枝角类总个体数的91.84%.该湾浮游枝角类的密集区位于黄冈河、河口区域及湾外水域,其数量与盐度呈显著负相关关系.浮游枝角类的季节变化极为显著,表现为夏、秋多,冬、春少的基本格局,其数量与水温呈显著正相关关系.     

深沪湾溶解氧的分布及其与浮游植物悬浮物的相关性研究

根据1998年5月、9月福建省深沪湾浅海养殖开发前期环境的综合调查资料，对深沪湾表层海水溶解氧含量的分布及其与浮植物、悬浮物相关关系进行了探讨。结果表明：溶解氧与浮游植物数量呈二次抛物线关系，与悬浮物呈线性负相关，拟合度显著。该湾溶解氧含量主要受浮游植物光合作用的影响，悬浮物和风浪等因素对溶解氧也具有一定的影响。     

钦州湾夏季营养盐的分布特征及富营养化评价

2009年8月对钦州湾海域的现场调查资料,分析了钦州湾表层海水中营养盐的分布特征及其成因。结果表明:该湾亚硝酸盐(NO2-N),硝酸盐(NO3-N),铵盐(NH3-N),无机磷(PO4-P)和活性硅(SiO3-S)i平均含量分别为0.05 mg/L,0.46 mg/L,0.09 mg/L,0.007 mg/L和1.54 mg/L。在空间分布上,各营养盐含量均呈现出由湾内向湾外逐渐递减的变化趋势,体现出夏季陆地径流的主导控制作用。相关性分析表明,陆源水的物理混合过程是影响诸营养盐含量的主要因素,生物、化学作用次之。通过污染指数A及营养状态质量指数NQI的分析,整个海湾水质处于中度污染程度和富营养化状态,以无机氮为主要污染因子。     

红海湾水域溶解氧、pH值、盐度和营养盐分布特征及相互关系研究

通过１９９８年６月对广东省红海湾海水养殖水域环境因子的调查,阐述了海水中溶解氧、盐度、ｐＨ值和营养盐的分布特征及其变化规律,并讨论了它们之间的相互关系,结果表明,溶解氧及海水ｐＨ值随温度由北（除１５￣１７号站）向南（除６号站）增高而增高。同时证实了光合作用是导致溶解氧含量和ｐＨ值增高的主要原因。而营养盐与盐度呈密度的负相关,浮游植物总量随营养盐由北向南降低而明显增高。     

三门湾海域4、7月营养盐分布及其稀释效应

利用2005年4、7月三门湾海域26个站位的两次水化学要素调查资料,描述了表层盐度和营养盐平面分布特征,对营养盐和盐度进行相关分析,并探讨了24 h连续站的营养盐变化规律,结果表明:(1)表层硝酸盐、硅酸盐浓度基本呈东低西高分布,磷酸盐的分布规律不明显。(2)7月硝酸盐、磷酸盐平均浓度比4月低,而硅酸盐、亚硝酸盐平均浓度比4月高,氨平均浓度在4、7月无显著变化。(3)4、7月表、底层的硝酸盐、硅酸盐、亚硝酸盐浓度均为湾内高湾口低,且与盐度呈显著的负相关,表明在调查时间内受强潮汐作用的三门湾海域呈现出硝酸盐、硅酸盐的保守稀释效应,磷酸盐稀释效应则表现不明显。(4)7月25-26日连续站(29°06′33″N、121°39′03″E,三门湾中部猫头山嘴附近,水深为27-34 m)24 h盐度变化与潮汐变化几乎一致,硝酸盐、硅酸盐浓度与盐度变化呈显著负相关。硝酸盐、硅酸盐的浓度变化可以指示海水与淡水的稀释与混合效应。     

Taxonomic composition,abundance and biomass of mesozooplankton in the Zhelin Bay-an estuary with intensive aquaculture

1 IntroductionMesozooplankton (0.2 ~20 mm) are hetero-trophic animals that inhabit almost every type of ma-rine environment (Goswami and Padmavati, 1996;Uye et al., 1996). They are major secondary pro-ducers, grazing on phytoplankton and providing foodfor…     

A discussion on typhoon occurred in the Haikou Bay and impact mechanism on seawater quality

INTRODUIONThe Haikou Bay is an imPOrtant hay in Hainan Pmeince. Investigatnin of water qualitywas carried out three times every y6ar to understand the vatying trend of water quality fOr tak-ing pmpr countereres. betimes we may ee comParison conclustons of poIluting degreein Water Quality Monitoring Bulletin Of HaikOu Bay. But the comParison conclusbo is notreareable because the ocean is a complicated system with the interaction of wind, current,wave, tide, biolOgy, chemistry and so …     

Water, organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus contents in sediment of a large-scale mariculture area in the Zhelin Bay of eastern Guangdong Province, China

The Zhelin Bay is one of the most important bays for large-scale mariculture in Guangdong Province, China. Owing to the increasing human population and the expanding mariculture in the last two decades, the ecological environment has greatly changed with frequent harmful algal blooms. A monthly survey of water content, organic matter （TOM）, and various forms of nitrogen and phosphorous in sediment from July 2002 to July 2003 in the bay was conducted. The results showed that the water content was correlated significantly with TOM and various forms of nitrogen and phosphorus and can be used as proxy for quick and rough estimate of these factors in the future surveys. TOM was also correlated significantly with various forms of nitrogen and phosphorus, indicating that it was one of the key factors affecting the concentrations and distributions of nitrogen and phosphorus in the investigated waters. Average total Kjeldhal nitrogen （TkN） content was（ 1 113.1 ± 382.5）μg/g and average total phosphorus （TP） content was（567.2± 223.3）μg/g, and both were much higher than those of similar estuaries in China and elsewhere. Average nitrogen and phosphorus tended to be higher inside than outside the bay, higher at aquaculture than non-aquaculture areas, and higher at fish-cage culture than oyster culture areas, suggesting that large-scale mariculture inside the bay played an important role in the eutrophication of the Zhelin Bay. Various forms of nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were higher during the warm season （July--September）, which was due to the increased decomposition and concentration of organic matter resulted from the fast growth and high mortality of the cultured species. Compared with July 2002, TkN and TP contents were much higher in July 2003, in consonance with the eutrophication of the Zhelin Bay. Because exchangeable phosphorus （Ex-P）, iron-bounded phos- phorus （Fe-P） and organic phosphorus （OP） combined accounted for 34.3% of the TP and authigenic phosphorus （Au-P     

大鹏澳海水鱼类网箱养殖区水环境的时空变化及营养状态分析

通过2009年10月—2010年7月对深圳大亚湾大鹏澳网箱养殖区、网箱外0.5km(对照区1)和网箱外2km(对照区2)等3个区域的现场调查,阐明了海水中温度、盐度、pH、溶解氧(dissolved oxygen,DO),化学需氧量(chemical oxygen demand,CODMn)、叶绿素a(Chl a)和营养盐等水质因子的时空分布特征及相关性,并评价了海区的营养状态。结果表明,与两个对照区域相比较,大鹏澳网箱养殖对海水中的CODMn、Chl a和SiO3-Si的影响不明显,对DO、pH、PO4-P、NO2-N、NH4-N、总氮(total nitrogen,TN)和总磷(total phosphorus,TP)的影响相对较大,其中对NH4-N的影响已经扩散到了网箱外0.5km区域。网箱养殖区在冬季和春季是中营养水平,而夏季则是富营养水平。总体来说,大鹏澳网箱养殖区水质有恶化的趋势,必须采取一定的有效措施对网箱区环境进行合理调控。     

1992／1993南极夏季长城湾表层水营养盐的月变化特征

１９９２／１９９３中国第九次南极考察队长城站夏季考察期间，对长城湾表层水等无机磷和无机氮营养盐类的月变化特征进行了现场考察。对营养直疃变化的相关民生，营养赴变化与生物活动的关系及与世界其化海域营养盐水平的比较等进行了讨论。结果表明，长城湾夏季表层水营养盐在１月浓度最低，在３月则最高，陆地淡水对湾内营养盐含量的增加没有明显贡献，无机磷与氨氮，硝酸盐氮的变化呈明显的正相关关系；亚硝酸盐始终处于较低的稳     

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments of the Zhelin Bay in the South China Sea

This study examined the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediments collected in July 2004 from eight stations in the Zhelin Bay, one of the most important bays for large-scale mariculture in Guangdong Province. Thirteen individual parent PAH compounds were identified using high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. The overall average concentration of total PAHs was 477.0 ng/g, ranging from 146.1 to 928.8 ng/g. Low molecular mass PAHs with two to three rings (e.g., acenaphthene) were dominant in each sample. The PAH concentration varied among sampling stations, with the highest concentration observed at bay outlets and the lowest found at stations outside the bay. Ratios of low to high molecular mass PAHs and fluoranthene to pyrene were used to determine the origin of PAHs, and results indicated mainly petroleum-derived contamination. Compared with other bays and harbors around the world, the total concentrations of PAHs in surface sediments at the Zhelin Bay are moderate, but this does not exclude the possibility of potential impact on human consumers because some strong carcinogenic PAHs with high molecular mass were found at the station with a nearby caged-fish and oyster farm. Long-term monitoring of PAH contamination in the Zhelin Bay is recommended to reduce the potential toxicological effects on aquatic organisms and humans.     

大窑湾海域水化要素分布及相关关系的探讨

本文依据大窑湾的环境调查资料为基础，系统地阐述了水体中化学要素ｐＨ、盐度、透明度、ＤＯ、ＣＯＤ、ＴＯＣ、浊度、悬浮物、ＮＨ４－Ｎ、ＮＯ２－Ｎ、ＮＯ３－Ｎ、ＰＯ４－Ｐ、ＳｉＯ３－Ｓｉ、Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｄ、Ａｓ、Ｈｇ、Ｃｒ、硫化物、六六六、石油等分布规律。诸要素主要是在潮流水动力支配下，形成扩散带。各要素中仅有无机氮和ＰＯ４－Ｐ两项含量超标，其余要素含量范围都是处于海水正常浓度水平，属于一类海水水质。文章并对各要素进行相关关系分析。     

粤东大规模海水增养殖区柘林湾表层沉积物中的含水量、有机质、氮和磷

柘林湾是粤东地区规模最大的海水增养殖区,近20年来水体富营养化情况日益加重,赤潮频繁发生。2002年7月至2003年7月对该湾9个站位表层沉积物中的含水量(W)、有机质(TOM)和不同形态的氮(TkN,NH₄+)与磷(Ex-P,Fe-P,Au-P,De-P,OP)进行每月一次的周年调查。结果显示,表层沉积物中的含水量和有机质及不同形态的氮、磷均呈现极显著意义的正相关关系,今后可用含水量直接对这些指标进行粗略估算。有机质与氮、磷呈显著意义的正相关关系,表明有机质是影响氮、磷含量和分布的重要因素之一。凯氏氮(TkN)和总磷(TP)的总平均值分别为(1113.1±382.5)μg/g和(567.2±223.3)μg/g,显著高于国内外许多同类型的海湾。各形态氮、磷含量年均值的平面分布呈现湾内(除S1,S7站外)高于湾外、养殖区高于非养殖区、网箱渔排养殖区高于牡蛎养殖区的总体趋势,说明湾内大规模增养殖业对海湾富营养化进程起着重要的作用。各形态氮、磷含量均于盛夏至初秋的高温季节(7-9月)处于年度峰值,这与该季节养殖动物处于生长旺期与高死亡率所造成的生物碎屑增多和有机质分解加速有关。与2002年7月相比,2003年7月的TkN和TP均出现大幅升高,与水体富营养化程度不断加重的趋势相符。此外,自生磷(Au-P)年平均占TP的49.2%,是该湾沉积物中最主要的磷形态。由于水体富营养化能导致沉积物的pH降低,继而促进Au-P中的自生钙氟磷灰石和碳酸钙所结合的磷释放进入水体,因而表层沉积物中高浓度的Au-P可能成为此类海湾富营养化水平加剧和赤潮大规模暴发加剧的隐患。     

Distribution of moon jellyfish Aurelia aurita in relation to summer hypoxia in Hiroshima Bay,Seto Inland Sea

Biological and physical surveys were conducted in order to investigate the relationship between environmental conditions and the distribution of moon jellyfish Aurelia aurita in Hiroshima Bay, western Seto Inland Sea, Japan. Moon jellyfish and ichthyoplankton were collected at 13 stations in Hiroshima Bay during monthly surveys from July to September in 2006 and 2007. Surface temperature in 2006 was significantly lower during the August and September cruises and surface salinity was lower during all cruises than in 2007. Moon jellyfish was the most dominant gelatinous plankton collected, accounting for 89.7% in wet weight. Mean moon jellyfish abundance in 2006 was higher than that in 2007 from July through September, with significant inter-year differences for July and September. Variability in precipitation and nutritional input from the Ohta River, northernmost part of Hiroshima Bay, were suggested as possible factors affecting the inter-annual variability in moon jellyfish abundance in the coastal areas of northern Hiroshima Bay. Moon jellyfish were more abundant in the coastal areas of northern Hiroshima Bay, where the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration was lower, while low in the central part of the bay. Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus eggs were most dominant (58.1% in number) among the ichthyoplankton and were abundant in the central area of Hiroshima Bay. Explanatory analysis was conducted to detect possible effects of environmental conditions on the abundance of moon jellyfish and Japanese anchovy eggs during the summer months in Hiroshima Bay. Of the environmental conditions tested (temperature, salinity and DO of surface and bottom layers at each sampling station), bottom DO had the most significant effect on the moon jellyfish abundance: there was a negative correlation between the bottom DO and the moon jellyfish abundance in Hiroshima Bay during summer.