ON THE TIME-VARYING WIENER FILTER*

For a new approach to designing the time-varying Wiener filter, the input is first divided into sections and then the time-varying filter is determined from the entire input and the desired output. The technique differs from the existing one in which the time-invariant filter is determined from each section. Hence, the main difference, between the proposed and the existing technique lies in the arrangement of input data. The proposed technique requires fewer computational operations and performs better than the time-invariant Wiener filter, as illustrated by numerical examples.     

基于连续小波变换的时变结构瞬时模态参数识别

为体现时变结构动力特性,定义随机冲击荷载作为时变结构输入激励,提出了基于连续小波变换的时变结构瞬时模态参数识别方法。在短时时变假定条件下,建立基于模局部极大值的连续小波变换时变参数识别原理,利用结构的输出响应进行瞬时模态参数识别,采用三自由度的时变结构体系进行数值模拟,该方法能够准确识别时变结构的瞬时模态参数值。通过设计具有质量参数可变的两层钢框架模型进行测试,验证了方法的有效性与可行性。     

ADAPTIVE PREDICTIVE DECONVOLUTION OF SEISMIC DATA*

The Wiener prediction filter has been an effective tool for accomplishing dereverberation when the input data are stationary. For non-stationary data, however, the performance of the Wiener filter is often unsatisfactory. This is not surprising since it is derived under the stationarity assumption. Dereverberation of nonstationary seismic data is here accomplished with a difference equation model having time-varying coefficients. These time-varying coefficients are in turn expanded in terms of orthogonal functions. The kernels of these orthogonal functions are then determined according to the adaptive algorithm of Nagumo and Noda. It is demonstrated that the present adaptive predictive deconvolution method, which combines the time-varying difference equation model with the adaptive method of Nagumo and Noda, is a powerful tool for removing both the long- and short-period reverberations. Several examples using both synthetic and field data illustrate the application of adaptive predictive deconvolution. The results of applying the Wiener prediction filter and the adaptive predictive deconvolution on nonstationary data indicate that the adaptive method is much more effective in removing multiples. Furthermore, the criteria for selecting various input parameters are discussed. It has been found that the output trace from the adaptive predictive deconvolution is rather sensitive to some input parameters, and that the prediction distance is by far the most influential parameter.     

地震作用下结构时变物理参数识别

利用小波分析函数多尺度逼近方法,将剪切型结构在地震作用下时变的阻尼和刚度用尺度函数的线性组合表示,将时变参数的辨识问题转化为由已知的正交尺度函数和系统的输入输出来估计线性组合中的时不变系数问题,用最小二乘法对剪切型框架结构在地震作用下时变的刚度和阻尼进行了有效的辨识。此方法无需事先假定系统参数的时变规律,在有噪声情况下可以用Tikhonov正则化方法减小识别方程的不适定性对识别结果的影响。数值算例表明了该方法的有效性。     

新疆天山主要活断层的分段及其在地震区划中的运用

对天山地区活动断裂不同地段的几何形态、运动方式、地震活动特征存在的差异进行了分析研究。提出了活断层分段的标准和几种用于活断层分段的地震活动性指标:给出了活断层分段的标志点特征,并对新疆天山地区13条活断层进行了分段,讨论了分段结果在地震区划潜在震源区划分及其地震活动性参数确定中的应用。结果表明:通过活断层分段使潜在震源区的划分更准确、恰当,使地震活动性参数的确定更能反映出地震活动的时空不均匀性。     

川滇南部地区活动地块划分与现今运动特征初析

根据近几年取得的新资料和当今有关活动地块的研究 ,提出划分川滇南部活动地块的思路、依据和具体方法 ,作者认为具有一定规模且其活动性延续至今的第四纪活动断裂是划分活动地块必需的首要边界条件。指出新生的腾冲 -景洪北北西带和大理 -楚雄北西西带在活动地块划分中的重要作用。根据断块边界断裂活动性质、运动方式和GPS资料等 ,分析讨论了各活动地块现今活动方式得出 :≥ 7级以上地震主要集中在Ⅰ级活动地块边界 ;6～ 7级地震主要集中发生在Ⅱ级活动地块边界上 ;Ⅲ级活动地块是强震发生的主要位置所在     

An evolutionary stochastic ground-motion model defined by a seismological scenario and local site conditions

This paper is concerned with modeling earthquake-induced ground accelerations and the simulation of the dynamic response of linear structures through the principles of stochastic dynamics. A fully evolutionary approach, with nonstationarity both in amplitude and in frequency content, is proposed in order to define the seismic action, based on seismological information in the form of a small number of input parameters commonly available in deterministic or probabilistic seismic design situations. The signal is obtained by filtering a Gaussian white-noise. The finite duration and time-varying amplitude properties are obtained by using a suitable envelope function. By utilizing a subset of the records from the PEER-NGA strong-motion database, and time-series analysis tools extended to nonstationary processes, the key transfer-function properties, in terms of circular frequency, damping ratio and spectral intensity factor, are identified. A regression analysis is conducted for practical and flexible application of this model, in order to empirically relate the identified time-varying parameters of the filter to the characteristics defining earthquake scenarios such as magnitude, rupture distance and soil type. A validation study and a parametric investigation using elastic response spectra is also included. Results show that the final seismic model can reproduce, with satisfactory accuracy, the characteristics of acceleration records in a region, over a broad range of response periods.     

基于ArcGIS的地震烈度图快速生成技术研究与实现

利用C#程序,实现现场烈度调查信息的录入。根据录入的离散点源信息,通过ArcGIS的分析功能,绘制出地震烈度分布图。     

滦河三角洲地区晚第四纪地层的划分及近代构造运动探讨

本文根据滦河三角洲地区野外调查和25个样品的C14年代测定结果,讨论了第四纪地层划分和对比以及近代构造运动。研究表明,滦河内迭三级冲积扇的形成年代分别为距今18000年前,11000年前和6000—3000年之间。在全新世中期,渤海湾北岸发生过海侵。三条古海岸线的年代分别为距今5500年、3700年和350年。本区地面下沉最大幅度为10米左右(姜各庄)。由于滦河最新三角洲的西部和东部地壳下沉速度不同,使滦河河道自全新世中期以来不断向东移动     

地球自转十年尺度变化的分析和预测

本文用窄带滤波器处理了1800年以来的日长变化（△LOD）的年均值序列,得到在十年尺度上的各频率分量的时变过程.结果表明,仅61年、43年和32年三个分量是较稳定的周期变化,比过去所报告的数量少得多.在此基础上,对未来50年中的△LOD的变化趋势作出预测,认为从70年代初开始的十年尺度上的自转加速过程,可能将持续到本世纪90年代前期,而后将进入一个减速期.     

Depth Estimation from the Scaling Power Spectral Density of Nonstationary Gravity Profile

-- A technique to estimate the depth to anomalous sources from the scaling power spectra of long nonstationary gravity profiles is presented. The nonstationary profile is divided into piecewise stationary segments based on the criterion of optimum gate length in which the time-varying and time-invariant autocorrelation functions are similar. The division of a nonstationary into piecewise stationary allows identification of the portion of the crust with different geological histories, and using the stationary portion of the gravity profiles, more consistent depths to the anomalous sources have been obtained. The technique is tested with the synthetic gravity profile and applied along the Jaipur-Raipur geotransect in western and central India. The geotransect has been divided into four stationary parts: Vindhyan low, Bundelkhand low, Narmada rift and Chhattisgarh basin; each section corresponding to a different geological formation. Forward modeling of gravity data using results of each stationary section is carried out to propose the subsurface structure along the Jaipur-Raipur transect.     

中国东部及其相邻海域S波三维速度结构

本文选用了中国27个基准台763长周期地震仪和WWSSN 3个地震台长周期地震仪记录的238条瑞利波路径资料,用适配滤波频时分析和改进的网格反演方法,研究了中国及邻海170km深度范围内S波三维速度结构.本文只给出中国东部及邻海的研究结果. 结果表明,该研究区内直到170km深度范围内的速度结构,具有以40°-44°N,28°-32°N和20°N左右为界南北分块以及大体沿岛弧走向呈条带状的特征.这些特征与大地构造单元的划分有明显的关系.同时发现布格重力异常基本上受莫霍面的控制,地表热流值与上地幔低速层的埋深也有明显的相关性.     

模糊分维理论在地下流体资料分析中的应用

本文采用模糊集理论与分形理论相结合的模糊分维方法,计算了聊城１井水氡和豫０１井水位动态资料,发现在１９８１年河北宁晋Ｍｓ５．８,１９８３年山东菏泽Ｍｓ５．９和１９８５年河北任县Ｍｓ５．０地震前出现了明显的降维特征。选出了两台项的模糊分维基值为０．６０和０．７５。分析结果认为,模糊分维值反映了地震前兆时序观测资料的结构变化特征,具有一定物理意义。做为地下流体前兆观测资料提取地震异常信息的新方法,有一     

基于小波变换的地震相干体算法研究

基于计算相干体算法,提出了用模拟地震子波的小波函数(或高分辨导数小波函数)的小波变换,得到分频瞬时相位,再计算相干体的相干体算法1和用小波变换得到的实、虚部(相当Hilbert变换)计算相干体的相干体算法2. 在油田构造解释中,为了突出小断层特征,用分频计算出的相干体进行重构. 实际资料计算表明,相干体算法2较K. J. Marfurt相干体算法抗噪声能力强;相干体算法1较相干体算法2在实际应用中效果更明显.     

从卫星影像上分析海南岛第四纪玄武岩的分期

本文主要应用陆地卫星影像进行了目视判读、图象增强处理、结合野外验证和对前人资料的研究,确认海南岛第四纪玄武岩可划分为五个喷发期,喷发次数为十二次,玄武岩的喷发与活动断裂有着密切的关系     

Dynamic optimal ground water remediation including fixed and operation costs

In time-varying ground water remediation, the lack of an optimal control algorithm to simultaneously consider fixed costs and time-varying operating costs makes it nearly impossible to obtain an optimal solution. This study presents a novel algorithm that integrates a genetic algorithm (GA) and constrained differential dynamic programming (CDDP) to solve this time-varying ground water remediation problem. A GA can easily incorporate the fixed costs associated with the installation of wells. However, using a GA to solve for time-varying policies would dramatically increase the computational resources required. Therefore, the CDDP is used to handle the subproblems associated with time-varying operating costs. A hypothetical case study that incorporates fixed and time-varying operating costs is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Simulation results indicate that the fixed costs can significantly influence the number and locations of wells, and a notable total cost savings can be realized by applying the novel algorithm herein.     

徐州市埋藏基岩斜坡对地震动的影响

本文在分析了徐州地区地震地质背景的基础上,用经作者扩展的SAP 5程序,重点分析了地震小区划中提出的埋藏基岩斜坡地形对地震地面运动的影响问题。初步认识到:这种复杂地形可产生不可忽视的竖向运动;水平向运动分布依其与基岩山丘的距离而不同;地震反应谱形状呈有规律的变化;输入多方向震波的影响比输入单方向震波时的影响要大     

中国大陆活动地块边界带强震活动特征的研究

在中国大陆及周边活动地块与活动地块边界带研究和划分的基础上,研究了中国陆区6个Ⅰ级活动地块区和22个Ⅱ级活动地块之间的共计24个活动边界带上的强震活动特征。从各边界带上强震活动的频次和单位时间、单位长度的地震应变能释放出发,讨论了各活动地块边界带的强震总体活动水平;并从震级频度关系出发,计算了各带的理论最大震级与复发周期。通过与实际地震记录对比发现,由中国大陆各主要活动地块边界带的地震活动参数(a/b)所推算的强震活动强度与实际地震活动强度总体上具有较好的一致性,强震复发期与构造活动速率则呈明显的反向变化关系,这也表明本研究给出的各边界带的a,b值具有一定的参考意义。文中还利用历史强震资料以及各带强震活动的离逝时间,基于泊松分布,探讨了各活动边界带的现今地震活动水平及其危险程度     

FREQUENCY-SELECTIVE DESIGN OF THE KIRCHHOFF MIGRATION OPERATOR1

Integral migration techniques perform a sum over an aperture of input traces to obtain output at a single point. The length of the aperture is limited by a spatial Nyquist criterion, which typically prohibits imaging very steep dips at very high frequencies without generating severe migration artifacts (migration operator aliasing). For time-domain Kirchhoff migration, this can be a fatal shortcoming. The standard way to address this problem is to interpolate traces spatially before migration. This reduces the trace spacing, thereby increasing the frequency content which can be migrated without aliasing at steep dips. An alternative remedy to the operator aliasing problem is to modify the phase response of the Kirchhoff migration operator. This operator is frequency-selective across the migration aperture: it passes all temporal frequencies of the input traces in the innermost portion of the aperture (referring to the shallow dips), and gradually cuts out the higher frequencies as it approaches the outer portion of the aperture. Thus, while all frequencies of the input data contribute to the shallow-dip portion of the migrated image, only the permissible low frequencies of the input data contribute to imaging the steepest dips. Using a simple realization of a frequency-selective Kirchhoff migration operator, this technique is illustrated on a synthetic data set involving greater than vertical dips.     

对各个时期钱德勒摆动主峰双频特征的检验

本文用ILS系统地极坐标资料（1900.0-1979.0）,对各个时期钱德勒谱峰的频率特性作了较细致的分析。结果表明:主峰双频只是一种长期的统计特性,从局部看,出现单频和双频的概率约各占50％,因此,还不能说“双频”是钱德勒摆动的基本特征。在物理上,可能用时变性二分模型来描述它更妥当。Q_C.W实测值的平均值为235,众数为125,这与由地震观测得到的结果较为一致。