氯离子侵蚀对钢筋混凝土构件抗力影响的研究

氯化物是钢筋混凝土结构在使用寿命期内可能遇到的一种最危险的侵蚀介质,混凝土中钢筋表面的氯离子浓度超过一定的限值,钢筋就可能会发生锈蚀,锈蚀的钢筋会导致混凝土构件的承载力下降.通过分析国内外研究者所做的大量工作,讨论了氯离子侵入引起的锈蚀钢筋混凝土构件的抗力计算方法,为氯化物环境条件下混凝土结构的耐久性评估提供参考.     

热浸镀锌-5%铝钢材在海水中的氢脆敏感性

热浸镀锌-5％铝镀层钢材在海洋环境中使用时可能存在氢脆问题。采用慢应变速率拉伸实验法,结合扫描电镜分析,研究了锌-5％铝镀层钢材在海水中的氢脆敏感性。发现锌-5％铝镀层对钢材基体进行阴极保护引起的氢渗透,可显著降低钢材的断后延伸率和能量密度,使钢材的断裂方式由韧性向准解理转变,提高了其在海水中的氢脆敏感性。     

氯盐干湿环境下受弯横向裂缝对钢筋混凝土耐久性影响

为了研究持续开裂状态下横向裂缝对钢筋混凝土结构耐久性的影响特性,开展了8根受弯开裂钢筋混凝土梁构件的盐溶液干湿循环试验;借助无损检测技术和破损实测方法,分别对氯离子侵入量、钢筋半电池电位、腐蚀电流密度以及平均锈蚀率等进行了对比分析。研究结果表明,裂缝的存在将提高混凝土的渗透性,裂缝处及周围混凝土内的氯离子含量明显增大;对于一定裂缝分布状况的钢筋混凝土试验梁,内部钢筋的腐蚀电位、腐蚀电流密度以及平均锈蚀率均高于裂缝自愈及无裂缝的试验梁,并受到保护层厚度与裂缝开展状态的影响,其影响规律可用单位长度内的平均裂缝宽度与保护层厚度的比值wm/c来进行综合评价。综合试验结果,初步建议海洋干湿侵蚀环境下钢筋混凝土构件的最大裂缝宽度wmax宜小于0.003 3 c,相关结论可为海洋混凝土结构的耐久性设计提供参考。     

宁波舟山港主通道混凝土结构耐久性评估与维护技术

系统阐述宁波舟山港主通道跨海工程混凝土结构耐久性评估与维护技术。首先介绍宁波舟山港主通道工程概况及100年使用年限的总体要求;确定耐久性极限状态为海洋氯离子侵入引起的钢筋表面脱钝。针对此极限状态,建立了氯离子侵入过程的耐久性评估模型,确定了不同暴露条件下模型参数的统计规律;根据混凝土保护层厚度的现场实测数据和修正的暴露条件下氯离子扩散系数,对模型参数进行了更新;考虑施工阶段混凝土构件的耐久性附加措施,以某标段非通航孔桥为例,使用全概率方法计算了各类混凝土桥梁构件的失效概率和可靠指标;最终在混凝土构件耐久性评估的基础上,提出了某标段非通航孔桥各类混凝土构件的基本维护制度和维护周期。     

养护期介入电迁阻锈保障混凝土耐久性试验研究

沿海地区氯盐侵蚀会对混凝土结构造成严重的耐久性问题,混凝土设计使用寿命难以保障。对于新建工程,若在自由水含量较高混凝土养护期进行电迁阻锈处理,则有利于电迁移性阻锈剂在钢筋周围聚集以达到更佳的阻锈效果。为此,针对两种电迁移性阻锈剂对处于氯盐侵蚀环境中的混凝土适用性展开研究,并测试了干湿循环前后混凝土内钢筋电化学参数、氯离子扩散特征及钢筋周围电迁移性阻锈剂含量研究两种电迁移性阻锈剂对混凝土耐久性保障的作用。结果表明,试验中养护期介入电迁阻锈后试件阻锈效果良好,经过干湿循环后钢筋腐蚀电位正向高于-162.6 m V,同时,钢筋附近出现明显的阻锈剂聚集现象,能保持钢筋的钝化状态。     

钢筋混凝土板的数值模拟分析

在钢筋混凝土板结构分析中,模拟用以描述混凝土各向同性及各向异性性态的本构方程仍旧是结构工程中最困难的任务之一。本文对静荷载作用下的钢筋混凝土板就弹性、塑性及开裂条件等性态进行了数值模拟分析。退化厚壳单元用于对结构沿厚度分层散化。混凝土的性质沿厚度分层指定。钢筋模拟成线单元。为了模拟混凝土压缩性态,分别应用了理想塑性及应变硬化模式。     

钢筋混凝土中的镶嵌式参比电极的研制与测试

本文作者研制了一种适用于钢筋混凝土中的镶嵌式参比电极,室内试验和海上实际应用表明,将该电极镶嵌入海上钢筋混凝土构件中,可以较准确地测定钢筋以及其它金属部件的电位。所进行的260多天的性能测定表明,该电极稳定性相当好,并且在环境氯离子含量变化时,电极电位变化也不大,可在海上钢筋混凝土构筑物腐蚀检测及阴极保护工程中试用。     

海水环境粉煤灰混凝土结构耐久性现场检测与评估分析

对服役12年的华南某跨海大桥典型构件开展碳化性能、氯离子扩散性能等指标的耐久性检测,评估了海水环境下掺粉煤灰的高性能混凝土长期耐久性。研究表明:随高程的增加混凝土碳化深度逐渐增大,其中大气区浪溅区水位变动区,碳化作用对粉煤灰混凝土结构耐久性的影响较小;粉煤灰可显著提升实体结构混凝土抗氯离子侵蚀性能,粉煤灰高性能混凝土的氯离子扩散系数不大于0.40×10-12m2/s,比普通混凝土氯离子扩散系数降低了约6倍;利用规范计算了引桥承台混凝土中氯离子含量计算值,其计算值与实测值吻合较好,可用于实体工程混凝土结构的耐久性评估,评估结果显示采用粉煤灰高性能的桥梁典型构件满足100年设计使用寿命的要求。     

火灾作用下海洋平台结构响应分析

结合BZ28-1南井口平台导管架,建立了海洋平台结构有限元计算模型。采用弹塑性分析方法,并应用温度升高时钢材的非线性应力/应变关系,采用火灾的标准温度-时间曲线建立平台结构温度随时间的变化模型,基于能量守恒原理建立热传导微分方程,计算热传导和对流对结构温度的影响,分析得到受火区域构件的温度场。依据钢材性能随温度升高的变化,分析火灾荷载下平台结构的响应。火灾发生时,平台结构中的构件在火温的作用下,温度逐渐升高,虽然作用在结构上的荷载不变,但由于钢材的弹性模量和屈服强度都急剧下降,使平台结构的承载能力下降;当温度上升到600℃以上时,平台结构就形成足够数目的塑性铰,使结构达到极限破坏状态。通过计算分析表明,当火灾作用6 min后,着火房间构件发生严重屈曲,但平台结构整体性能保持良好;当火灾作用22 min后,受火区域构件都发生了较大的变形,引起平台结构的毁损和倾覆。     

硫化氢对管线钢在氯化钠溶液中应力腐蚀开裂的影响

采用动电位扫描、慢应变速率拉伸、氢渗透试验方法时X70管线钢在不同电位下含不同浓度H2S的质量分数3．5％NaCl溶液中的应力腐蚀开裂行为进行了研究。结果表明，H2S的加入使渗氢电流逐渐增大，硫化物应力腐蚀开裂（SSCC）敏感性逐渐增加，随着H2S浓度的增大，其断裂特征由塑性断裂逐渐转变为脆性断裂。在阳极极化下，X70管线钢无SSCC敏感电位区；在阴极极化程度较小时，材料对SSCC的敏感性减小；在阴极极化程度较强时，材料对SSCC的敏感性显著增加。分析表明X70管线钢的SSCC受阳极溶解和氢脆共同控制。     

Full-range nonlinear analysis of fatigue behaviors of reinforced concrete structures by finite element method

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Stress Variation Model of Bond Stress-Slip Relationship Between Steel Bar and Concrete

Based on the experimental data, a stress variation model of the bond stress-slip relationship between steel bar and concrete is established. The characteristic of the model is that the boundary conditions are satisfied very well; the effects of the material properties, the concrete cover, the crack spacing and the distance from the cracked cross section are considered. Good agreement between measured and calculated bond stress-slip relationship is found. This model is useful for the study of the stiffness, deformation and crack width of reinforced concrete members, and for the nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete structures by the finite element method.     

Influence of Reinforcement Mesh Configuration for Improvement of Concrete Durability

Steel bar in concrete structures under harsh environmental conditions, such as chlorine corrosion, seriously affects its service life. Bidirectional electromigration rehabilitation (BIEM) is a new method of repair technology for reinforced concrete structures in such chloride corrosion environments. By applying the BIEM, chloride ions can be removed from the concrete and the migrating corrosion inhibit can be moved to the steel surface. In conventional engineering, the concrete structure is often configured with a multi-layer steel mesh. However, the effect of the BIEM in such structures has not yet been investigated. In this paper, the relevant simulation test is carried out to study the migration law of chloride ions and the migrating corrosion inhibitor in a concrete specimen with complex steel mesh under different energizing modes. The results show that the efficiency of the BIEM increases 50% in both the monolayer steel mesh and the double-layer steel mesh. By using the single-sided BIEM, 87% of the chloride ions are removed from the steel surface. The different step modes can affect the chloride ion removal. The chloride ions within the range of the reinforcement protective cover are easier to be removed than those in the concrete between the two layers of steel mesh. However, the amount of migrating corrosion inhibitor is larger in the latter circumstances.     

基于广义扩散方程海工混凝土结构耐久寿命概率评估方法

针对国内现有的氯离子侵蚀寿命预测模型存在的问题,提出了基于广义扩散方程(GDF)的海洋环境下混凝土结构耐久寿命预测的概率方法.以某海上混凝土工程原位取粉测试及室内快速试验为手段,获得不同环境分区的时变模型参数统计值.采用随机抽样方法,实现结构各部位混凝土使用寿命的概率预测.通过对模型参数的敏感性分析讨论了该模型的优点.最后,提出了周期性检测,不断更新模型参数的动态寿命评估思路.     

沿海砼结构耐久性问题研究现状与对策

混凝土耐久性能不良引起的适用性、安全性问题以及由此引发的环境、能源、经济问题在全球范围内已引起广泛的关注.而沿海城市经济的飞速发展和大规模的开发海洋资源使得混凝土结构面临严峻的海洋环境的挑战.因此,了解沿海混凝土结构耐久性问题的研究现状与对策具有十分重要的现实意义.综合分析了沿海砼结构性能退化的原因及解决办法并在此基础上指出进一步研究的可能方向.     

Study on Structure of Arched Longitudinal Beams of Deep Water Wharf

High-pile and beam-slab quays have been widely used after several years development. They are mature enough to be one of the most important structural types of wharves in China coastal areas. In order to accommodate large tonnage vessels, wharves should be eorrstructed in deep water gradually. However, conventional high-pile and beam-slab structares are hard to meet the requirements of large deep-water wharf. According to arch＇ s stress characteristics, a new type of wharf with catenary arched longitudinal beams is presented in this paper. The new wharf structure can make full use of arch＇s overhead crossing and reinforced concrete compression resistance, improve the interval between transverse bents greatly, and decrease underwater construction quantity. Thus, the construction cost cab be reduced. Take the third phase project of the Yangshan Deep-water Port for example, comparative analysis on catenary arched longitudinal beams and conventional longitudinal beams has been made. The result shows that with the same wharf length and width, the same loads and same longitudinal beam moment, catenary arch structure can improve the interval between bents up to 28 m, decrease the nmnber of piles and underwater construction quantity.     

A New Type Anticorrosion Coating for Ocean Reinforced Concrete Structures

—Corrosion of reinforced concrete structures is a serious problem in ocean engineering.As anorientation of study anticorrosion coating technique is developed and widely applied.but many problemsneed to be solved.LSW-2 type anticorrosion coating for maritime reinforced concrete structures is charac-terized by sea water resistance.salt fog resistance.moisture and heat resistance as well as impermeabilityto chlorions.The new type coating can be applied to wet concrete surface by conventional constructiontechnique.It is a breakthrough in solving the above- mentioned problem.The paper mainly introduces thetest results.the property indices.coating procedure.construction technique and economic benefit ofthe coating.