海域工程场地可液化土的地震液化效应分析

能否对砂土液化进行准确的判断评价,与工程的安全性、经济效益和社会效应关系密切。目前,勘察规范和抗震规范中均没有专门针对海底岩土层饱和砂土液化判别方法的规定和要求。文章对目前饱和砂土可液化性判别方法进行了分析总结,给出了海域工程场地可液化土的液化判别方法及存在的问题,提出海域工程建设场地饱和砂土层的判别宜采用标准贯入试验法和室内液化振动三轴试验抗液化剪应力判别法相结合的方式进行综合评价。     

美国的油气资源评价史及其对中国的借鉴

本文讨论了美国的常规油气资源量评价工作，重点介绍了1988年最后一次的评价方法与评价结果．美国是世界油气大国之一．在常规油气资源评价过程中的方法、经验和成果可以对我国的油气评价工作提供参考．     

船载观测设备计量检定与海上标校试验的现状和发展建议

计量检定和海上标校试验是目前船载观测设备在室内和室外开展测量精度评价的2种常用手段。为进一步推进我国计量检定和海上试验建设发展,文章系统归纳和总结室内计量检定和海上标校试验的原理、特点和工作现状,分析当前各自存在的问题,并提出具体建议。研究结果表明：军、地对于船载观测设备计量检定和海上标校试验的需求越来越迫切,我国虽已基本建成海洋设备计量技术规范体系,并强化海试全过程的质量控制,但仍存在计量标准、评价体系、维修保障和室外检定手段不足,海上试验环境和比测精度不确定以及缺少标准化海上试验设施和平台等问题;计量检定机构应综合分析计量要素的特点、社会效益和难易程度等,研究并制定行之有效的标准规范和保障措施;还应充分发挥海上试验的综合检验评价功能,研究完善比测校准方法,建设标准化的海上试验设施和平台。     

CTD海上剖面测量性能综合评定方法研究

随着国产温盐深剖面仪（Conductivity-Temperature-Depth profiler,CTD） 测量性能的不断提高,其使用范围和规模也逐步扩大,需要规范CTD 海上剖面测量性能评定方法。在威海附近海域开展基于锚泊式平台CTD 海上比对试验,通过改变同架比对CTD 数量、引入相关系数和平均差数据处理方法研究海上比对试验效果,提出以精准度和灵敏度为目标层的CTD 海上剖面测量性能评价指标体系,实现了对被测CTD 海上剖面测量性能相对全面的评价,准确量化了被测CTD 在实际海洋环境中的剖面测量性能,为国产CTD 海上剖面测量性能的优化提供依据。     

深水斜坡堤胸墙波浪力计算方法研究

通过物理模型试验研究中国《海港水文规范》(JTJ213-98)中斜坡式防波堤顶部胸墙波浪力计算公式在深水情况下的适用性.试验测量4种不同水深波浪作用下斜坡堤顶部胸墙的波浪力和作用高度.通过对胸墙迎浪面的波浪压强分布、总水平作用力和波浪作用高度的试验结果与《海港水文规范》结果的对比分析,发现胸墙迎浪面的实测波压分布不同于规范采用的均匀分布;规范计算得到的总水平力和波浪作用高度均小于实测值.本文改进规范中斜坡堤胸墙波浪力计算方法,使其更适用于深水堤顶部胸墙受力计算.     

针刺治疗复视的Meta分析

采用Meta分析方法评价针刺治疗复视的疗效。方法：检索PubMed,中国学术期刊全文数据库、中文科技期刊数据库、万方数据库等数据库建库及2017年发表的文献,纳入以针刺、针灸、耳针、头皮针、杨花针或针刺+其他治疗复视的随机对照试验,采用Rev Man 5.3软件对数据进行评价。结果：共检索文件307篇文献,纳入733例患者。Meta分析结果显示,针刺治疗或针刺+其他治疗对比其他治疗的有效率：OR=7.42%,95%CI（4.38,12.57）,P<0.00001,具有统计学意义;针刺+常规治疗对比常规治疗的有效率：OR=7.63,95%CI（3.51,16.61）,P<0.00001,具有统计学意义;针刺+复康治疗对比单纯康复治疗的有效率：OR=6.04,95%CI（1.88,19.37）,P=0.003,具有统计学意义。漏斗图结果显示,图上分布白点基本呈对称性,不存在明显的发表偏倚。结论：针刺治疗复视较其他治疗具有显著优势,但仍需大样本、更规范的试验统计,以明确临床疗效。     

中长周期波作用下的斜坡堤胸墙波浪力试验研究

在印度洋、大西洋沿岸,海岸工程设计波浪周期多在14 s以上,具有显著的中长周期波特征。通过以往工程项目的试验结果发现中长周期波下,规范计算的斜坡堤胸墙波浪力明显小于试验结果。因此,通过系列物理模型试验研究了中长周期波下的斜坡堤胸墙波浪力。分析斜坡坡度、肩台宽度和波浪条件对胸墙波浪力的影响。通过将试验结果与我国现有规范中的经验公式计算所得结果进行对比,发现规范更适用于胸墙底淹没的情况,而对于肩台出水情况,规范计算结果小于试验结果。由此提出了一种新的波浪力计算方法,计算准确度得到明显提高。     

尼日尔风积砂土湿陷性试验研究与评价

依托撒哈拉沙漠南缘某炼厂岩土工程勘察,采用现场浸水载荷试验和标准贯入试验、室内常规土工试验和易溶盐测试,研究风积砂土的湿陷性。针对试验中浸水判稳标准的选取、载荷板宽度换算、有效浸润深度的影响等展开讨论,给出了风积砂土湿陷性的评价方法。试验结果及分析表明:非盐渍的风积砂土由于其特殊的组成和沉积条件具有湿陷性;载荷试验中加压至200kPa浸水观测10~12h,沉降达到稳定;判断湿陷性时,需注意圆形载荷板直径与方形载荷板宽度的区别和换算;浸润深度显著影响判别结果,给出了浸润深度未达到1.5倍载荷板宽时的湿陷性判别方法。     

海域使用动态综合评价理论与技术方法探讨

作为国家海域动态监视监测管理系统建设与业务化运行的最终目标,海域使用动态综合评价对提高海域管理水平,促进政府科学决策起到至关重要的作用。而长期以来,对海域使用的综合评价缺乏统一规范的标准,导致海域使用评价存在较大差异,不能客观反映实际情况。通过探讨海域使用动态综合评价的内容与方法技术,规范海域使用综合评价工作,为提高海洋开发、控制、综合管理能力,服务海域管理决策提供参考,进而为我国海洋经济协调持续发展发挥作用。     

海洋环境中石油污染监测技术管理

本文阐述了我国海洋石油监测技术,以及各介质中石油分析方法,使用仪器。我国海上常规定期定站位监测;应急油污染事故监测;海上溢油源监测;海洋沉积物油污染监测;海洋生物中油污染残毒监测;潮间带沥青球污染监测等。提出了目前我国海洋油污染监测技术管理中几个急需解决的问题。海洋石油污染监测样品分析中选择标准油问题;石油污染物的成分分析;建立适用倾废、疏浚物、钻井泥浆、海滩沥青的石油监测标准方法;深入开展消油剂研制、性能考查和再污染问题等。同时还提出了加强管理措施和建议。     

A Novel Dynamics Analysis Method for Spar-Type Floating Offshore Wind Turbine

The dynamic behavior of floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) is crucial for its design and optimization. A novel dynamics analysis method for the spar-type FOWT system is proposed in this paper based on the theorem of moment of momentum and the Newton’s second law. The full nonlinearity of the equations of motion (EOMs) and the full nonlinear coupling between external loads and the motions are preserved in this method. Compared with the conventional methods, this method is more transparent and it can be applied directly to the large-amplitude rotation cases. An in-house code is developed to implement this method. The capability of in-house code is verified by comparing its simulation results with those predicted by FAST. Based on the in-house code, the dynamic responses of a spar-type FOWT system are investigated under various conditions.     

海洋平台板架结构简化评估对比研究

在海洋浮体平台设计初期,为了快速评估设计方案的结构强度水平,需要研究高效的简化方法。本文基于正交异性板理论,综合了平面应力和横向弯曲两种承载方式,改进了板架结构的正交简化评估方法。改进方法克服了原来只针对单一载荷型式的局限性,可以满足组合载荷状态下板架参数的等效变换。为了验证改进方法的适用性和精度水平,分别采用常规方法和改进方法,针对某案例平台的局部板架结构和整体结构开展了强度评估。评估结果表明,采用改进方法得到的结构区域应力水平误差在15%以内,满足初始阶段总强度评估的精度要求。     

海上风机超大直径单桩竖向抗压承载力理论计算及实测方法对比评价

超大直径单桩基础在应用过程中,存在钢管桩沉桩的选锤、防溜桩等关键问题.为解决以上问题,研究超大直径单桩的竖向抗压承载力是有必要的.分别利用《码头结构设计规范》规定的设计做法、圆孔扩张理论法、UWA-05方法、GRLWEAP模型方法对超大直径钢管桩的竖向抗压承载力进行了分析计算并结合工程实例进行比较,发现现行规范规定的钢管桩承载力计算公式对于超大直径钢管桩承载力的估计偏于保守,高应变检测法对于超大直径单桩基础承载力的评估同样偏于保守.     

Origin,distribution, and alteration of asphalts at Chapopote Knoll,Southern Gulf of Mexico

Following the discovery of asphalt volcanism in the Campeche Knolls a research cruise was carried out in 2006 to unravel the nature of the asphalt deposits at Chapopote. The novel results support the concept that the asphalt deposits at the seafloor in 3000 m of water depth originate from the seepage of heavy petroleum with a density slightly greater than water. The released petroleum forms characteristic flow structures at the seafloor with surfaces that are ‘ropy’ or ‘rough’ similar to magmatic lava flows. The surface structures indicate that the viscosity of the heavy petroleum rapidly increases after extrusion due to loss of volatiles. Consequently, the heavy petroleum forms the observed asphalt deposit and solidifies. Detailed survey with a remotely operated vehicle revealed that the asphalts are subject to sequential alterations: e.g. volume reduction leading to the formation of visible cracks in the asphalt surface, followed by fragmentation of the entire deposit. While relatively fresh asphalt samples were gooey and sticky, older, fragmented pieces were found to be brittle without residual stickiness. Furthermore, there is evidence for petroleum seepage from below the asphalt deposits, leading to local up-doming and, sometimes, to whip-shaped extrusions. Extensive mapping by TV-guided tools of Chapopote Asphalt Volcano indicates that the main asphalt deposits occur at the south-western rim that borders a central, crater-like depression. The most recent asphalt deposit at Chapopote is the main asphalt field covering an area of ∼2000 m². Asphalt volcanism is distinct from oil and gas seepage previously described in the Gulf of Mexico and elsewhere because it is characterized by episodic intrusions of semi-solid hydrocarbons that spread laterally over a substantial area and produce structures with significant vertical relief. As Chapopote occurs at the crest of a salt structure it is inferred that asphalt volcanism is a secondary result of salt tectonism.     

考虑高低温影响因素的金属密封总成性能分析

水下井口系统环空金属密封总成设计是水下油气装备国产化核心技术之一。前期国内相关研究人员已在密封设计、密封机理等方面形成共识,但密封性能评价的全面性和准确性依旧存在不足。鉴于此,提出考虑高低温影响的金属密封总成性能评价方法,构建了“有限元分析+室内测试+无损探伤”的评价流程。评价结果显示:温度是金属密封设计及性能评价过程中不可忽略的重要影响因素;设计温度范围内,该金属密封总成的密封性能及主体结构强度满足设计要求,但仍不同程度地受到温度变化影响;相对于常规方法,该评价方法更加全面准确,可为该领域其它密封设计提供借鉴和参考。     

新旧地形图编号及范围解算方法

在深入分析新、旧地形图分幅及编号规则的基础上,建立了新地形图编号算法模型、新地形图图幅范围解算模型以及新、旧地形图编号转换算法模型。解决了地形图编号的快速检索与图幅范围解算等问题。     

Real‐time failure detection in the carrier phase measurements of GPS by robust and conventional kalman state estimates

Among the fastest‐growing applications of high‐precision GPS positioning are those which are kinematic in nature. Carrier phase‐based GPS positioning of a moving antenna—for example, attached to a ship, an aircraft, or a land vehicle—is now commonplace. Recent software innovations make use of advanced ambiguity resolution “on the fly” and real‐time kinematic data processing algorithms to emulate the ease of operation of conventional differential GPS (DGPS) based on transmitted pseudo‐range corrections. However, as much higher accuracy must now be assured compared to DGPS, greater attention must be focused on the quality control aspects of GPS positioning. This study describes two methods for detecting failures or changes of small magnitude in real time in GPS measurements. Examination of the overlap or disjointedness of robust and conventional confidence intervals and studentized normal variates have been used as failure detection tools. These methods are based on testing the performance of the differences between the conventional (nonrobust) Kalman state estimates and the robust Kalman filler estimates. Detection of cycle slips in carrier phase data, outliers in phase rate or in code ranges, or any other type of disorder in the measurements of the GPS system can be addressed with these failure detection methods. Application and evaluation of the algorithms has been carried out using raw carrier‐phase and phase‐rate GPS measurements. It has been demonstrated that these failure detection tools provide powerful and efficient diagnostics for detecting small changes in the measurements of the GPS system.     

SPT-CPT Correlation and Its Application for Liquefaction Evaluation in China

The standard penetration test (SPT) and cone penetration test (CPT) are the two most commonly used in-situ tests. In this paper, SPT-CPT correlation is investigated using statistical and regression method based on a database of in-situ tests. Two correlation equations of the SPT N-value and the CPT cone tip resistance q_c are proposed. The equations are applied for the liquefaction potential evaluation. Three effect factors including the soil type, mean particle size, and fine content are investigated for SPT-CPT correlation. The simple correlation can be used for the preliminary site investigation with least data and information. The comprehensive one can give more accurate result with detailed data. These two correlation equations are useful for different purposes with different accuracies. The liquefaction evaluations using the proposed correlation method are compared with those from the Chinese code method. It is shown that the proposed correlation can be helpful for site investigation and geotechnical design in practice.     

Simplified two-dimensional numerical modelling of coastal flooding and example applications

In this paper we outline the development and application of a simple two-dimensional hydraulic model for use in assessments of coastal flood risk. Such probabilistic assessments typically need evaluation of many thousands of model simulations and hence computationally efficient codes of the type described here are required. The code, LISFLOOD-FP, uses a storage cell approach discretized as a regular grid and calculates the flux between cells explicitly using analytical relationships derived from uniform flow theory. The resulting saving in computational cost allows fine spatial resolution simulations of regional scale flooding problems within minutes or a few hours on a standard desktop PC. The development of the code for coastal applications is described, followed by an evaluation of its performance against four test cases representing a variety of flooding problems at different scales. For three of these cases an observed flood extent is available to compare to model predictions. In each case the model is able to match the observed shoreline to within the error of the of the observed flow, topography and validation data and outperforms a non-model flood extent prediction made using a simple Geographical Information System (GIS) technique.     

Dynamic Risk Analysis of Permanent Deformation of Sea Embankment

For evaluation of the permanent deformation of a sea embankment under stochastic earthquake excitation, a robust dynamic risk analytical method is presented based on conventional permanent deformation analysis and stochastic seismic response analysis. This method can predict not only the mean value of maximum permanent deformation but also the reliability corresponding to different deformation control standards. The earthquake motion is modelled as a stationary Gaussian filtered white noise random process. The predicted average maximum horizontal permanent displacement is in agreement with the conventional result. Further studied are the reliability of permanent deformation due to stochastic wave details at one seismic motion level and the risk of permanent deformation due to stochastic seismic strength, i. e., the maximum acceleration in a long period. Therefore, it is possible to make the optimal design in terms of safety and economy according to the importance of a sea embankment. It is suggested tha