浅谈连续运行参考站系统(CORS)的关键技术

城市数字化和数字城市是现代化城市的发展趋势,空间数据基础设施是数字城市的基础,连续运行参考站系统是城市空间数据基础设施的重要组成部分。本文介绍了连续运行参考站系统(CORS),阐述了建立该系统的基本步骤和所具备的功能,重点论述了参考站系统建设中的关键技术。     

“数字九台”地理空间框架建设与应用

数字城市地理空间框架既是一个城市的空间基础信息平台,也是国家空间数据基础设施的基本组成部分,它是信息集成的载体,是数字城市赖以实现的不可或缺的基础支撑。本文以"数字九台"地理空间框架建设项目的成果阐述了县级数字城市的建设与应用。     

“数字延吉”服务长吉图战略助力吉林发展

数字城市地理空间框架既是一个城市的空间基础信息平台,也是国家空间数据基础设施的基本组成部分,它是信息集成的载体、是数字城市赖以实现的不可或缺的基础支撑。本文以"数字延吉"地理空间框架建设项目的成果阐述了数字城市的建设与应用。     

基于PhotoMapper的数字正射影象地图（DOM）的制作

国家空间数据基础设施（NBDI）中,数字正射影象地图作为地球空间数据框架的一种基础数据层,发挥着重大的作用。本文就数字正射影象地图（DOM）的概念,原理及制作作了比较详细的阐述。     

国家环境遥感监测体系研究与实现

随着国家空间基础设施的建设和发展,中国遥感监测体系研究与建设取得了重大突破,从无到有形成了国家环境遥感监测能力,并业务化实现了主要环境遥感监测要素产品的生产与服务,为新时期环境管理工作提供了有力支撑。在分析国内外环境遥感发展及中国环境遥感监测需求的基础上,阐述了中国环境监测体系建设的必要性,研究了国家环境遥感监测体系的建立与业务化运行,提出了中国环境遥感监测体系发展思路与下一步重点任务。     

数字城市中城市空间数据基础设施建设构想

作为数字化区域的重要形式,"数字城市"建设日益受到重视.城市空间数据基础设施是数字城市基础层的核心.在阐述数字城市与城市空间数据基础设施关系基础上,着重论述了城市空间数据基础设施的建设构想,包括其建设标准和规范、城市空间数据信息库建设和数据共享发布.     

建立我国空间数据框架产品生产质量控制体系的思考

本文介绍了我国建设国家空间数据基础设施的基本情况,结合工作实际从建立质量管理体系和建立质量控制体系两方向阐述了建立现代化测绘质量控制体系的必要性、重要性。     

论数字化地理空间基础框架的建设与应用

当前国内外一个重要的发展趋势是将各种社会经济，资源环境等要素数字化，在统一的数字化地理空间基础框架（DGSF）上，实现多类型，多时相，多分辨率图形，图像，文本，视频，音频信息的有机集成，建立数字地球，数字国家，数字区域或数字城市等，本文首先回顾了我国“数字行业”，“数字省区”，“数字城市”等对DGSF的需求，然后讨论了DGSF的基本内涵，重要特性及其与国家空间数据基础设施（NSDI），基础测绘，国家基础地理信息系统等术语之间的同异，继而重点分析了今后我国DGSF建设和应用的若干方向。     

关于数字城市地理空间框架建设的研究

随着我国城市化进程的发展,城市规模不断扩大,传统的城市管理方法远远不能满足现代城市管理的要求。随着＂数字中国＂战略的提出,＂数字城市＂应运而生。当前以＂数字城市＂为标志的城市信息化建设正在全国范围内迅速开展,网络基础设施和空间信息基础设施是数字城市建设中两个最为重要的基础设施,而地理空间框架是空间信息基础设施的重要组成部分,是经济社会信息化发展的基础支撑平台。     

在统一的总体框架下建设“数字中国”

当前在我国正在兴起“数字省市”、“数字行业”、“数字工程”等建设工作,这些都是“数字中国”的组成部分。为了建设“数字中国”,这些数字化领域的建设必须在国家统一的地理空间基础框架下进行。从“数字地球”和“数字中国”的基本概念入手,叙述了地理空间基础框架中的地理空间基准和地理基础框架数据的内涵及其在建设“数字中国”中的作用,最后阐述了必须在统一的总体框架下建设“数字中国”的理由。     

THE VARIATION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC COEFFICIENT OF REFRACTION WITH THE NATURE OF THE SOURCE OF LIGHT

Abstract

In working out vertical heights on the Akuse-Kete Krachi chain of triangulation in the Gold Coast a fairly considerable difference was found between values of the coefficient of refraction obtained from observations taken during the day and those taken at night, the mean values being 0.069 for daylight observations to heliographs and 0.087 for night observations to lamps. This difference no doubt is due mainly to the condition of the atmosphere during the day differing from its condition during the night rather than to any effect due to different sources of light. A new chain has recently been observed in Western Ashanti, and the index of refraction for the daylight observations again gave a lower value than that obtained from the night observations, the figures being 0.073 and 0.099 respectively. For the night work three different sources of light were used, hurricane lamps for short lines, Tilley vapour-pressure lamps for lines of intermediate length, and McCaw acetylene signalling lamps by Watts for long lines. It occurred, therefore, to the writer to examine the results to see if the mean values of the index of refraction showed any variations for the different light sources, since it seemed reasonable to suppose that the constitution of the light emitted from each source would be different and hence that the coefficient of refraction might vary.     

ON THE ESSENCE OF THE LANGUAGE OF THE MAP

The author continues development of his concept of cartography as the “language of the map,” an earlier paper of this subject appearing in translation in M.S.R.S., 1985, No. 1. Although the term language has been widely used to describe cartographic communication, current theory fails to incorporate aspects of the language which provide for a comprehensive understanding of its structure and function. In particular, the language of the map and its symbolic elements cannot be explained reflexively by methods and rules of symbol and map design, since these elements were developed not before but after the existence of the language. The language of the map thus is proposed as the mechanism which provides for replicability or duplication in the way a system of mapmaking-map use functions (under diverse conditions, purposes, historical periods, and levels of training of users) through its different methods, models, and norms. Translated from: Geografiya i prirodnyye resursy, 1985, No. 3, pp. 142-151.     

THE THEORY OF THE ANALYTICAL SOLUTION OF THE STEREOGRAM

The theory of the solution of the stereogram is developed from the condition that the vector triangle, formed by the base-line and the two rays from the perspective centre to a common model point, shall be in equilibrium. Using this approach the unique definition of a point in the model follows naturally from the solution of the relative orientation problem.     

THE CALCULATION OF THE HEIGHT OF KILIMANJARO

Abstract

The observations to height Kilimanjaro were made from two ground stations, Domberg (5,081·6 ft.) and Lelatema (5,323.1 ft.) and from a point called Kibo near Kaiser Wilhelm Spitze which is regarded as the highest point on the crater rim. It was originally intended to include a third ground station, Kifaru, but it was discovered that the ice cap obstructed observations between this point and the top.     

试论地图形式美的规律

本文从六个方面阐述了地图形式美的规律性,最后进一步说明了其规律性与增强地图美感的关系。     

利用卫星测高资料推求西北太平洋海域的海洋大地水准面

本文根据卫星测高数据和海面动力地形资料，绘制了不相上下北太平洋海域局部大地水准面的精细结构图，对解决卫星测高技术中大地水准面积和海面地形的可分性问题作了初步尝试。     

THE ADJUSTMENT OF TRIGONOMETRICAL LEVELS AND THE EVALUATION OF THE COEFFICIENT OF TERRESTRIAL REFRACTION

Abstract

This paper is written primarily with the object of ascertaining how other Colonies and Dominions deal. with the adjustment of their trigonometricallevels; further, since the greater part of Nigeria is now covered by a framework of levels of primary accuracy it is of interest to examine the results. Moreover, the evaluation of the coefficient of refraction, and from it the temperature lapse-rate, is of some importance in view of the recent publication of the War Office Aneroid Tables. These tables are based on a standard lapse-rate of temperature.     

THE APPLICATION OF THE GAUSS METHOD OF COLLIMATION TO THE ADJUSTMENT OF SURVEY INSTRUMENTS

Abstract

Gauss's method of collimation is usually given scant attention in survey text-books. The following notes are based on experiments carried out at Accra in making a collimation base, the collimator being a Watts 2I-inch self-adjusting level fitted with a parallelplate micrometer.