AIS航标及其在海图上表示方法的探讨

介绍了AIS航标的原理和应用,分析了这种新型数字航标的特点,在对AIS航标与传统航标进行比较的基础上,重点探讨了AIS航标在海图上的表示原则和方法,提出了在海图上完整表示AIS虚拟航标的设想,对在海图上表示新的航标类型的方法提供了参考。     

基于北斗的浮标用航标遥测遥控单元设计

针对现有航标遥测遥控控制单元存在的结构不合理及灵活性差的不足,通过北斗接收天线、北斗发射天线、北斗收发处理模块、监测控制模块和电源模块的开发,设计了分体式航标遥测遥控单元,解决了北斗模块难以更换、接收信号受阻等问题,对于建立浮标类航标的遥测遥控系统具有应用价值。     

中国海域助航标志信息平台的设计与实现

针对目前我国助航标志在航标表出版、航标信息更新及数字海图制图有关航标综合中存在的一些问题,设计建立中国海域助航标志信息平台,实现中国海域助航标志数据库更新维护和航标表出版的自动化,提供中国海域助航标志信息服务系统,并利用VC6．0语言及Mapobject控件和ArcInfo技术在数字海图制图综合中自动实现助航标志的综合和航标符号的准确表示。     

航标空间影响域模型的构建及自动选取应用

针对当前航标选取主要依靠经验和手工方法实施,选取时难以将航标各属性当成一个整体来考虑的现状,分析了航标空间属性的关联性,构建了航标的空间影响域模型,并探索了其在航标自动选取中的应用。实验结果表明:可以通过构建空间影响域模型来定量化表示航标的有效影响范围;空间影响域模型可以用来实现航标的自动选取。     

基于Voronoi图点群选取改进算法及航标选取应用

针对现有的基于Voronoi图点群自动选取算法可能漏选重要点、选取点数与预定数相差较大的不足,通过对点选取概率计算模型、点固定条件和算法终止条件等进行改进,使算法适用于航标选取。实验表明,改进算法能够克服现有算法的不足,可以应用于航标的自动选取。     

基于数字地球的航标信息系统技术研究

数字地球的引入为航标信息系统带来了新的技术手段。论述了基于开源系统World Wind实现基于数字地球的三维航标信息系统的相关技术细节,系统可为船舶及涉海部门提供更加直观的航标信息展现方法,为航海人员识标用标提供了更加直观的仿真手段。     

内河ENC助航标志S-57编码研究

内河电子海图(IENCs)生产已经提上我国航运保障议事日程,但是国内外尚没有广泛认同的IENCs标准。对比了国内外现有的地区性IENCs产品标准对内河航标的编码方式,将内河区分左右岸扩展了侧面标志类,建立了导标类概念。以此为基础,提出在S-57框架下内河航标体系编码的方案,并探讨了建立内河-海区一体化测绘航标体系的可能性。     

中国北方海区冬季冰标使用分析及航海通告的发布

冰标是中国北方海区冬季特有的航标,是为了保证我国北方冬季大量海上浮冰条件下航标的正常使用,由海事部门布设的冬季专用浮标。结合对我国北方海区冬季浮冰情况的分析,从冬季冰标的原理、构造、历年以来的布设情况和最新的技术发展等方面,阐述了冬季冰标是如何在浮冰环境中正常发挥工作,并通过对海图上合理表示冬季冰标的方法和原则进行探讨,提出区分不同的冰标类型,分别以正式通告和临时通告的形式在航海通告中发布冬季冰标的信息,以最大限度地保证冬季海上的航行安全。     

海洋环境调查资料分类与编码研究

为确保海洋环境调查资料在汇集、处理、管理和服务全过程中语义表达的一致性,需采用统一分类和编码技术,设计资料分类编码体系,以满足海洋环境调查资料的汇集、管理与服务需求。在对海洋调查资料分类现状研究的基础上,系统分析了分类影响因素,提出了分类原则和方法,初步构建了基于学科、数据类型和调查方式为主的海洋调查资料分类体系,并对其进行规范化编码。目前该分类体系与编码已应用到海洋环境资料和信息管理业务化工作中。     

北极航海保障现状及我国的应对策略分析

基于北极航道的自然条件、地缘政治因素及当前通航情况,从航海图书、航标导航、海上通信等方面系统阐述了北极航海保障现状,分析了我国开展北极航海保障的重要性,并提出了我国在加强北极航海保障能力方面应采取的策略和措施建议,为构建和完善我国北极航海保障服务体系提供了科学依据和有益参考。     

Ecological performance indicators in the North Sea: development and application

Different signals of distress from the North Sea ecosystems started a discussion on the protection of the ecosystem at the third North Sea Ministers Conference in 1990. This was followed by a number of workshops on ecological indicators under the auspices of the North Sea Task Force and the Oslo and Paris Commissions (OSPAR). In 1997 the member countries around the North Sea agreed to develop and apply an ecosystem's approach in the management programs for both the North Sea fisheries and the marine environment. Following this agreement the identification of the ecological qualities objectives for the North Sea ecosystem started. Further work in this direction has lead to the setting up of various national projects geared towards creating a better understanding of the North Sea ecosystem.In the Netherlands, two departments (Water management and Nature and fisheries management) from the Ministry of Transport, Public works and Water Management (V&W) and the Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Fisheries Management (LNV) agreed to integrate their policies for the management of the Netherlands section of the North Sea. The results from these projects (started in 1996) should enable the policy makers and managers to formulate policies that could lead to the creation of a balance between the effects of human activities and the preservation of the natural qualities of the North Sea ecosystem.One of the projects is strictly designed to develop ecological indicators for the Dutch part of the North Sea. These indicators are based on various monitoring data and related in one way or another with human activities. In this way it is possible to evaluate the effects of human impacts on the ecosystem. Long-term changes in the ecological performance of the ecosystem can be elucidated by the use of the ecological indicators. Thereby making it possible for the policy makers and the managers of the NCP to evaluate the effects of their policies and management recommendations on the quality of the ecosystem.This paper describes the process and the steps taken by the authorities in the countries around the North Sea to develop a set of ecological indicators for the management of the North Sea ecosystem. Focus will be made on the efforts made in the Netherlands to develop indicators that did provide the basis for the development of Water and Nature conservation policies and new management strategies for maintaining the sustainable use of the Dutch section of the North Sea.     

A Data Management Method for Remote and Long-Term Seafloor Observation System

Abstract

The deep seafloor is closest to the Earth’s interior and there are complicated interactions in the physical and biological processes of the seafloor. Oceanographic parameters such as temperature, salinity, and ocean current can provide support for climate prediction. Therefore, the long-term observation of the deep seafloor is critical to the study of global climate change and the biodiversity in complex environments. For the requirements of long-term observation and remote data transmission in the deep sea of the South China Sea, a seafloor observation prototype system is designed in this paper as a stand-alone observation platform. We then proposed a date management method based on Controller Area Network to ensure the data quality. Distributed data management can be performed through system layering, and strict data transmission standards are established between each layer. At the same time, aiming at the difficulty of seafloor video data transmission in real-time, a new solution based on satellite communication technology, object detection technology, and high-efficiency compression coding technology of video images is proposed to provide support for seafloor biodiversity research. The observation data from the experiment are given, and these results show that the system can meet the requirements of long-term observation and remote real-time data transmission, and the reliability of the system is verified.     

基于VisualDB的南海海洋科学数据产品服务系统

基于VisualDB可视化数据管理技术和3层架构思想,设计并实现了南海海洋科学数据产品服务系统,用户可通过浏览器对南海海洋科学数据产品进行可视化查询、检索与获取;介绍了VisualDB的应用,就系统的体系结构设计、可视化数据管理、发布与共享服务功能进行了详细的描述;最后就ViusalDB的一些技术特性对南海海洋科学数据产品服务系统的扩展性作了探讨。文章对于完善南海海洋科学数据库的数据服务形式、建立南海海洋共享服务体系起到一定的作用。     

基于WebGIS的南海区海底电缆管道信息管理系统设计与开发

为促进我国海底电缆管道工程建设的高质量发展,文章基于相关业务需求和框架技术,设计与开发南海区海底电缆管道信息管理系统。研究结果表明：南海区海底电缆管道信息管理系统主要包括项目审批、项目监管、数据管理、综合展示、统计分析和后台管理6个模块,实现海底电缆管道审批流程标准化、审批过程信息化、线上和线下监管一体化、空间数据可视...     

Indicatrices of Scattering of Light and the Composition of Suspension in the Black Sea

We analyze the data of measurements of the indicatrices of scattering of light in the Black Sea in winter 1991 and summer 1998, present their principal characteristics, and discuss their correlations and spatial variability. The data on scattering of light are used to determine the number and weight concentrations of various fractions of particles suspended in water. The characteristics of scattering of light and the composition of suspension in the Black Sea are compared with the data obtained in 1973 and with the data accumulated in the Aegean and Ionian Seas and in the Indian Ocean.__________Translated from Morskoi Gidrofizicheskii Zhurnal, No. 1, pp. 63–76, January–February, 2005.     

海洋地质调查设备数据库的智能管理设计

海洋地质调查设备具有种类多、专业性强等特点,传统的设备管理的方式已经很难适应现代化海洋地质调查设备管理工作的需要。从海洋地质调查设备的智能化管理、提高装备管理工作效率的需求出发,运用现代数据库信息技术、条形码管理技术设计了一套海洋地质调查设备的数据库智能管理方案。该数据库的建立,将有效地管理海洋地质调查设备,充分地发挥海洋地质调查设备的社会效益和经济效益,为促进海洋地质的现代化建设提供有力保障。     

Shipborne Underwater Acoustic Communication System and Sea Trials with Submersible Shenhai Yongshi

The Shipborne acoustic communication system of the submersible Shenhai Yongshi works in vertical, horizontal and slant channels according to the relative positions. For ease of use, an array combined by a vertical-cone directional transducer and a horizontal-toroid one is installed on the mothership. Improved techniques are proposed to combat adverse channel conditions, such as frequency selectivity, non-stationary ship noise, and Doppler effects of the platform’s nonlinear movement. For coherent modulation, a turbo-coded single-carrier scheme is used. In the receiver, the sparse decision-directed Normalized Least-Mean-Square soft equalizer automatically adjusts the tap pattern and weights according to the multipath structure, the two receivers’ asymmetry, the signal’s frequency selectivity and the noise’s spectrum fluctuation. The use of turbo code in turbo equalization significantly suppresses the error floor and decreases the equalizer’s iteration times, which is verified by both the extrinsic information transfer charts and bit-error-rate performance. For noncoherent modulation, a concatenated error correction scheme of nonbinary convolutional code and Hadamard code is adopted to utilize full frequency diversity. Robust and low-complexity synchronization techniques in the time and Doppler domains are proposed. Sea trials with the submersible to a maximum depth of over 4500 m show that the shipborne communication system performs robustly during the adverse conditions. From the ten-thousand communication records in the 28 dives in 2017, the failure rate of the coherent frames and that of the noncoherent packets are both below 10%, where both synchronization errors and decoding errors are taken into account.     

南海海洋科学数据库数据管理和发布系统的设计与实现

南海海洋科学数据库由9个专业子库构成。针对数据海量、格式多样等特性,该数据库构建采用了WindowsAdvanceServer2000 SQLServer2000。通过SQLServer2000管理数据,并按数据种类以子库形式分层。应用微软公司开发的.net框架包,编写ASPX程序以实现Web数据库访问模式。开发了各相应子库的应用系统,使得通过观测、探测、调查、试验和实验所获取的海量基础性海洋科学数据的存储、管理与发布得到了有效实现。     

有害藻华数据分析与可视化平台的设计

有害藻华是海洋中最为常见的一类生态灾害问题,对养殖业、旅游业和公众健康等造成了严重威胁,也给海洋管理带来了巨大的挑战。近年来,与有害藻华相关的生物、化学、水文、气象等观测数据以及有害藻华发生记录等统计数据不断积累,统计学方法、地理信息系统(Geographic Information System, GIS)等数据分析方法也在快速发展,为深入挖掘有害藻华时空演变特征、提高有害藻华监测预警水平奠定了重要基础。该研究综合应用数据库、地理信息系统及可视化技术,设计了一套集有害藻华多源异构数据管理、分析与可视化为一体的综合平台,能够实现对有害藻华相关数据的存储和动态关联,并集成了空间分析方法,实现了数据和分析产品的可视化。该研究以渤海有害藻华长期时空演变特征探究为案例,展示了该平台在有害藻华数据分析与可视化方面应用效果。该平台可望为公众科普、科学分析和政府决策等提供支撑。     

渤海生态系统健康评价及对策研究

根据2014~2016年渤海各航次监测数据,选择22项因子构建表征研究区水环境、沉积环境、生态系统健康状态的评价指标体系,利用AHP层次分析方法对渤海生态系统的健康状况进行了评价。结果表明,渤海综合生态指数CEI为0.643,健康等级为中级,表明渤海生态系统整体处于亚健康的状态。生态健康较差和差的区域主要集中在莱州湾-渤海湾及其毗连地带的黄河三角洲地区;唐山-秦皇岛-葫芦岛近海及其纵深海域大体处于中级健康水准;渤海中部海区及其毗连的渤海海峡区域,海洋生态健康水平较高。根据评价结果,认为陆源输入、围填海工程是莱州湾和渤海湾的主要胁迫因子,并探讨了相应对策,以期为渤海的综合管理提供决策支持。