苏北朱家墩气田成藏特征对南黄海南部盆地勘探的意义

南黄海南部盆地是下扬子地台沿北东方向向海域的自然延伸,盆地的区域构造及油气地质特征与陆上苏北盆地相似。苏北盆地朱家墩气田的成功开发为南黄海南部盆地的勘探提供了借鉴,在分析朱家墩气田成藏特征的基础上,将南黄海南部盆地的成藏条件与朱家墩气田成藏条件进行对比,发现两者具有很强的可比性,得出南黄海南部盆地具有良好的勘探前景,其勘探方向为寻找"古生新储"的气藏,其发育部位为邻近大断裂一侧的深凹带。     

莺歌海盆地中央泥底辟带东方区与乐东区中深层成藏地质条件

莺歌海盆地位于越南与我国海南岛西南之间的莺歌海海域,迄今为止天然气勘探已经发现东方1-1和乐东15-1等浅层气田群。盆地中深层天然气勘探程度较低,目前仅在东方区东方13-1、13-2构造岩性圈闭获得了天然气勘探的重大突破。通过中央泥底辟带东方区和乐东区浅层气藏地质条件及主控因素的深入研究,重点剖析了东方区中深层高温超压气藏形成的生储盖组合特征及其成藏主控因素,强调来自越南西部(莺西斜坡)物源、储集物性较好的上中新统黄流组海底扇储盖组合及其岩性圈闭,是其高温超压领域天然气成藏的关键控制因素。中央泥底辟带东南部乐东区中深层迄今尚未开展大规模天然气勘探,但天然气地质条件与东方区基本一致,只是其物源供给体系、储集层及储盖组合类型等可能存在一定的差异,而储盖组合及圈闭条件依据目前资料分析尚好,能够形成商业性高温超压天然气藏。因此,预测乐东区中深层亦具备较好天然气运聚成藏条件,天然气勘探前景广阔。     

东非裂谷东支South Lokichar盆地油气成藏规律

东非裂谷东支由多个盆地组成,勘探程度低,目前仅South Lokichar盆地有油气发现。通过以钻井、地震及分析化验资料为基础,对South Lokichar盆地的油气地质条件及成藏规律进行详细分析认为:South Lokichar盆地成藏条件优越;油气发现集中于Lower Auwerwer组和Lokhone Shale组,Lower Auwerwer组为主要目的层;西部陡坡带为主要油气聚集带,储层是影响成藏及油层厚度的主控因素;东部缓坡带目前储量很小,主要目的层未成藏,侧封条件差是影响其成藏的主控因素。     

苏北盆地中古生代油气勘探发现与生储盖组合特征及现实意义

苏北盆地中古生代油气勘探具有50年的历史,在收集前人资料分析基础上,对苏北盆地和黄桥二氧化碳气田及朱家墩天然气田生储盖体系的地质特征及成藏要素分别进行了对比,分析了典型成藏模式;认为苏北盆地虽然只是苏北—南黄海盆地古、中、新生代盆地的一小部分,但其幔源"古生新储"二氧化碳气田和常规"古生新储"天然气田的发现对于海域南黄海盆地极具现实意义。     

莺歌海盆地中央底辟带天然气差异分布与运聚成藏特征

在地质地球化学综合分析研究的基础上,重点对莺歌海盆地东方区与乐东区天然气成因类型进行了系统分析总结,并结合区域构造演化、烃源岩展布特点与底辟上侵活动之成因联系等分析研究成果,深入剖析了东方区与乐东区天然气成藏特征及其控制因素。在此基础上,将研究区煤型天然气成因类型进一步细分为梅山型和三亚型2类,其分别来自中中新统梅山组和下中新统三亚组海相陆源烃源岩,且两者在东方区与乐东区分布差异明显。梅山组烃源岩厚度、生烃过程及输导体系等因素是导致两区天然气成藏过程及分布特征差异较大的主要原因,具体表现为乐东区梅山组和三亚组烃源岩生成天然气均可运移至浅层和中深层成藏;在东方区则仅梅山组烃源岩生成天然气可在浅层和中深层成藏,而三亚组烃源岩生成天然气多局限在底辟核部或构造脊周缘成藏,故导致了东方区与乐东区天然气分布之差异。两区天然气成藏均受控于底辟活动,且两区成藏特征也具有一定相似性和差异,因此,东方区与乐东区天然气成藏的相似性和差异决定了两区应采取针对性的勘探策略。     

南海西南部西纳土纳盆地油气成藏组合分析与资源潜力评价

为明确南海西南部西纳土纳盆地油气资源潜力,基于最新的地震、测井、地化和油气藏储量等数据,结合盆地构造—沉积演化和油气成藏地质条件的综合研究成果,从盆地含油气系统、成藏组合特征研究等方面开展系统的描述、刻画和分析,从而预测盆地资源潜力和评价地质风险,优选勘探有利区。研究表明,西纳土纳盆地发育4套含油气系统,分别对其中6个具有商业油气价值的已证实和远景成藏组合采用蒙特卡洛模拟法和资源面积丰度类比法计算待发现资源量,最终预测盆地待发现油气总资源量890.16MMboe,其中Penyu次盆Penyu组成藏组合内资源量(587.22MMboe),占全盆地总资源量的66%。参考烃源岩、储集层、圈闭、运移、盖层和保存等成藏要素的评价结果,应用资源—地质风险概率双因素法优选出1个Ⅰ类成藏组合,1个Ⅱ类成藏组合,2个Ⅲ类成藏组合和2个Ⅳ成藏组合。应用成藏组合范围叠合法,综合分析认为Anambas地堑西北部Arang组构造—地层成藏组合是盆地最有利勘探区。首次应用的盆地演化—含油气系统—成藏组合递进研究思路和成藏组合评价方法对东南亚陆内裂谷盆地油气资源潜力研究具借鉴作用。     

南黄海海域的海相地层含油气系统

南黄海海域油气勘探近40年成果证实,南黄海盆地与相邻的苏北盆地具有相似的发育历史。目前,苏北已在中、古生界近50口钻井中见到油气显示,其中在下三叠统青龙组和上石炭统船山组发现了大量油气显示,在盐城朱家墩发现源于中、古生界的再生气田,在黄桥镇苏174井志留系坟头组以及泥盆系五通组砂岩中钻遇液态CO2及轻质油,证明下扬子中、古生界存在油气生成和运聚的成藏过程,具有良好的油气勘探前景。     

上扬子盆地西南缘上组合气藏成藏过程分析

通过对代表上扬子盆地西南缘上组合气藏特征的平落坝、白马庙和观音寺3个典型气藏进行解剖,明确了中侏罗统沙溪庙组天然气分布特征。结合输导体系、流体包裹体成藏期次和构造演化研究成果,分析了气藏成藏过程,总结其成藏模式,以期为有利勘探目标区的选择及评价提供地质依据。上扬子盆地西南缘沙溪庙组气藏以构造-岩性和岩性气藏为主,天然气主要分布在沙溪庙组Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ段,主要聚集于构造高点。油气成藏时间集中在93～72 Ma,发生过至少2幕油气充注。燕山运动是气藏形成的主要时期,其形成的断层是沟通气源的主要通道;喜山运动是气藏天然气调整的主要时期,喜山期逆冲断层的活动及构造高点的迁移是天然气调整的主要原因。不同构造区域成藏具有差异性:西部褶皱带断-砂匹配、构造、砂体物性是主要控藏因素,构造高点、断层封闭性控制其含气丰度;东部斜坡带断-砂匹配、构造、封闭断层是主要控藏因素,构造高点、砂体物性控制其含气丰度。     

南海北部莺—琼盆地CO_2成因与成藏特征及其分布规律

莺—琼盆地是中国南海北部重要的天然气产区,部分地区天然气中CO_2含量高,制约了天然气勘探的经济性。CO_2成因、成藏及分布规律的研究有助于低CO_2含量的优质天然气勘探。在天然气地球化学特征剖析的基础上,结合区域地质条件,综合研究了莺—琼盆地天然气中CO_2的成因和来源,剖析了天然气成藏机制和CO_2分布规律。研究认为:莺—琼盆地天然气中CO_2含量变化大且成因复杂,来源各异;发育3种天然气成藏模式,其控制了天然气中CO_2的差异性分布;莺歌海盆地高CO_2天然气的分布受控于底辟活动和超压,而琼东南盆地高CO_2天然气的成藏与分布则主要与深大断裂及火山活动有关。因此,莺—琼盆地不同地区优质天然气勘探应采用不同的思路和对策:莺歌海盆地应在输导体系发育、天然气成藏较早且保存条件好的底辟波及区中深层寻找优质天然气;琼东南盆地则应在无火山活动和无深大断裂发育、天然气生运聚及保存条件好的地区寻找优质天然气,或者在深大断裂发育或火山活动地区寻找保存条件好、未受破坏的早期形成的优质天然气藏。     

琼东南盆地深水区L18气田上新统地层圈闭气田形成条件及成藏模式

近期在琼东南盆地超深水区发现了L18气田上新统地层圈闭气田，但在聚气背景、烃源岩、储层沉积成因及天然气输导体系等气田形成条件和成藏模式认识存在争议。通过对该气田形成条件的综合分析，认为上新世轴向古洼槽内地层圈闭、陵水凹陷东洼下渐新统崖城组浅海相烃源岩、上新统限制型重力流砂岩储层和渐新统-中新统断裂垂向沟源通道是形成上新统地层圈闭气田的4个基本条件。中中新世以来盆地中央继承性发育轴向古洼槽和限制型重力流沉积，随着后期地层沉积迁移、差异压实作用，上新统莺歌海组砂岩顶面在轴向洼槽内起伏，并被周边泥岩封盖、封堵，形成了地层圈闭；约3.4 Ma BP，陵水凹陷东洼下渐新统崖城组浅海相烃源岩生成了成熟天然气，沿渐新统-中新统断裂向上运移到上新统莺歌海组重力流沉积砂岩中，再侧向运移至地层圈闭中聚集成藏，具有"烃源岩、圈闭、断裂+砂岩输导层"三要素控藏的上新统地层圈闭成藏模式。     

Formation and distribution of coal measure source rocks in the Eocene Pinghu Formation in the Pinghu Slope of the Xihu Depression,East China Sea Shelf Basin

The Xihu Depression in the East China Sea Shelf Basin is a large petroliferous sedimentary depression, in which oil and gas reservoirs were mainly discovered in the Pinghu Slope and the central inversion zone. The oil-gas source correlation in the Xihu Depression was analyzed by hydrocarbon generating thermal simulation data via gold-tube pyrolysis experiments. The results indicated that the oil and gas in the Xihu Depression were mainly derived from coal measure source rocks of the Eocene Pinghu Formation. Therefore, the identification of coal seams is extremely crucial for evaluating coal measure source rocks in the Pinghu Formation in the Xihu Depression. Geochemical and petrological characterization pointed to input of terrigenous organic matter and redox conditions of the depositional environment as factors that govern the ability of the coal measure source rocks in hydrocarbon generation in the Xihu Depression. In this regard, the sedimentary organic facies in the Pinghu Formation were classified into four predominantly terrigenous and one mixed-source subfacies, which all varied in carbon and hydrogen content. The coal measure source rocks in the carbon- and hydrogen-rich tidal flat-lagoon exhibited the highest hydrocarbon generation potential, whereas the mudstone in the neritic facies was the poorest in its hydrocarbon yield. These results suggested that the coal measure source rocks in the Pinghu Formation likely developed in the Hangzhou Slope and the Tiantai Slope, both representing promising sources for oil and gas exploration.     

鄂尔多斯盆地塔巴庙地区上古生界源岩热演化特征

鄂尔多斯盆地北部主力气源岩太原组、山西组煤系地层热成熟史的研究对本区天然气充注过程和有利目标区预测具有重要的参考价值。在对研究区烃源岩评价和一维、二维地质建模研究的基础上。利用BasinMod盆地模拟软件对单井以及研究区内二维剖面、平面进行了煤系烃源岩热演化史模拟研究。研究结果表明：（1）该区在中三叠世进入生烃门限，中侏罗世以后，烃源岩持续埋深，早白垩世末期至最大埋深（4000m左右），绝大多数的天然气都在这一阶段生成，早白垩世末构造抬升以后只有少量天然气生成；（2）研究区上古生界太原组和山西组煤系源岩最大累积生烃强度可达到2200×10^8m^3／km^2，对现今天然气的分布具有较强的控制作用。     

西湖凹陷中-下始新统宝石组油气地质与勘探潜力

西湖凹陷是东海陆架盆地油气勘探潜力最好的凹陷之一。通过西湖凹陷宝石一井中下始新统宝石组井震资料,厘定了影响油气资源计算结果较大的关键参数,如烃源岩厚度、有机质油气产率、排聚系数等;建立了构造、沉积、孔隙度与油气生、运、聚模型,编绘了西湖凹陷宝石组生油岩厚度图、有机碳、Ro、生油气强度等值线图;采用BASIMS 4．5盆地综合模拟系统重现了西湖凹陷宝石组的地史、热史、生烃史、排烃史和运聚史,分析了宝石组空间展布特征与生、储、盖、圈、运、保等地质条件,提出并建立了宝石组合油气系统。利用多种方法定量计算的宝石组生烃量和资源量与西湖凹陷已证实的主力烃源岩系平湖组相似,认为宝石组是西湖凹陷又一重要烃源岩及油气勘探目的层系,拥有巨大的油气勘探潜力。     

四川盆地雷四3亚段油气勘探方向

近年来,中石油和中石化在四川盆地雷口坡组雷四³亚段的勘探陆续取得重要进展,展示了良好的勘探前景。笔者结合新钻探井和最新研究成果,从地层、沉积相、烃源岩、储层和成藏等多方面采用烃源对比、埋藏史及烃源岩热演化史、包裹体测温等方法对四川盆地雷四³亚段的含油气地质条件进行了进一步分析,总结了其油气成藏特征,提出了有利勘探区带,以期有助于拓展四川盆地雷口坡组的勘探领域。研究结果表明:雷四³亚段天然气以雷口坡组和须家河组烃源岩混合来源气为主;储集空间以粒间溶孔、晶间溶孔为主,属低孔低渗储层;雷四³亚段气藏为2期成藏,烃源岩于中、晚侏罗世进入生烃高峰;雷四³亚段具有构造和构造-岩性地层2种气藏类型,龙门山山前断褶带为构造气藏的有利勘探区,新津-邛崃斜坡带与梓潼-盐亭斜坡带是构造-岩性地层气藏的有利勘探区。     

缅甸安达曼海域中部天然气成因与气源

位于主动大陆边缘的缅甸安达曼海域中部天然气资源丰富,成因多样。天然气成因类型直接影响勘探领域与方向的确定。通过气体组分、CH4和CO2碳同位素资料,对缅甸安达曼海域中部天然气成因类型及气源岩进行了判识。结果表明:上新统部分天然气具有较轻CH4碳同位素,为生物成因气,部分碳同位素较重的天然气属于热成因气;中新统及渐新统天然气CH4碳同位素均较重,属于热成因气;CO2碳同位素显示其存在无机、有机2种成因;此外,还存在少量生物气与热成因气或无机气的混源气。认为该区无机成因CO2与CH4共存体系通过基底断裂来源于地壳深部或上地幔;上新统生物气来自上新统未熟源岩;产于上新统、中新统热成因气,来源于上新统下部、中新统或渐新统上部等深层高-过成熟烃源岩。     

Marine hydrocarbon source rocks of the Upper Permian Longtan Formation and their contribution to gas accumulation in the northeastern Sichuan Basin,southwest China

Identification of the main hydrocarbon source rocks of the large Puguang gas field (northeastern Sichuan Basin, southwest China) has been the subject of much discussion in recent years. A key aspect has been the lack of a comprehensive understanding of the development of hydrocarbon source rocks of the Upper Permian Longtan Formation, which had been thought to contain mainly coal seams and thick carbonate layers. In this paper, based on geological data from more than ten wells and outcrops and their related mineralogy and geochemistry, we investigated the depositional environment and main factors controlling organic matter enrichment in the Longtan Formation. We propose a model which combines information on the geological environment and biological changes over time. In the model, organic matter from prolific phytoplankton blooms was deposited in quiescent platform interior sags with rising sea-levels. During the Longtan period, the area from Bazhong to Dazhou was a platform interior sag with relatively deep water and a closed environment, which was controlled by multiple factors including syngenetic fault settling, isolation of submarine uplifts and rising sea-levels leading to water column stratification. Although the bottom water was anoxic, the phytoplankton were able to bloom in the well-lit upper euphotic zone thus giving rise to a set of sapropelic black shales and marlstones containing mostly algal organic matter with minor terrestrial contributions. As a consequence, these rocks have a high hydrocarbon generation potentials and can be classified as high-quality source rocks. The area from Bazhong to Dazhou is a center of hydrocarbon generation, being the main source of reservoired paleo-oils and presently discovered as pyrobitumen in the Puguang gas field. The identification of these source rocks is very important to guide future petroleum exploration in the northeastern Sichuan Basin.     

松南气田登娄库—泉头组天然气成藏特征分析

松南气田位于松辽盆地南部长岭断陷中央隆起带达尔罕断凸带腰英台深层构造高部位.通过分析解剖烃源岩、输导等,认为松南气田登娄库—泉头组天然气藏具有双向供烃的特征;达尔罕断裂是控制气藏规模的主断裂,它的开启与封闭直接决定天然气藏的形成保存及破坏散失.在典型气藏解剖的基础上,综合油气成藏条件,总结了成藏规律：多期生烃,北、西次凹供烃、近距离运移,长期运移指向、聚集,深层储盖组合匹配.     

Hydrocarbon source potential of Eocene-Miocene sequence of Western Sabah,Malaysia

An evaluation of the petroleum generating potential of onshore Eocene-Miocene sequences of Western Sabah, Malaysia was performed based on organic petrological and geochemical methods. The sequences analysed are the Belait, Meligan, Temburong and West Crocker formations of western Sabah. The Belait Formation which is Stage IV equivalent in the offshore represents one of the major source rock/reservoirs of the petroleum-bearing Sabah Basin. The Eocene-Early Miocene West Crocker and Temburong formations are deepwater turbidites whilst the Miocene Meligan and Belait formations are shallow marine fluvio-deltaic deposits. The vitrinite reflectance and pyrolysis T_max values show that the Belait samples are generally immature for hydrocarbon generation, whereas the Meligan, Temburong and West Crocker samples are in the mature to late maturity stage of hydrocarbon generation. The overall bulk source rock properties of the Belait and Meligan show fair to good petroleum source rock potential with TOC more than 1 wt %, hydrocarbon yield in the range of 400–1300 ppm and moderately high HI for many of the samples. Most of the samples representing the Temburong and West Crocker formations have TOC less than 1 wt% and have no to fair hydrocarbon generating potential. Interestingly, the samples collected in the West Crocker Formation characterized by slump deposits (MTD) have TOC>2 and possess good to excellent hydrocarbon generating potential. The organic matter present in all of the studied formations is mainly of terrigenous origin based on the abundance of woody plant materials observed under the microscope. Consequently, the analysed sequences are predominantly gas prone, dominated by Type III and Type III-IV kerogen except for minor occurrence of mixed oil-gas prone Type II-III kerogen in the Belait Formation and in the slump mass transport deposits (MTD) of the West Crocker Formation.     

Lower Cretaceous black shales of the Western Carpathians,Czech Republic: Palynofacies indication of depositional environment and source potential for hydrocarbons

Uppermost Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous strata of the Silesian Nappe of the Outer Western Carpathians contain large amounts of shale, which can, under favourable conditions, become source rocks for hydrocarbons. This study analysed 45 samples from the area of Czech Republic by the means of palynofacies analysis, thermal alteration index (TAI) of palynomorphs and total organic carbon (TOC) content to determine the kerogen type, hydrocarbon source rock potential, and to interpret the depositional environment. Uppermost Jurassic Vendryně Formation and Lower Cretaceous Formations (Těšín Limestone, Hradiště and Lhoty) reveal variable amount of mostly gas prone type III kerogen. Aptian Veřovice Formation has higher organic matter content (over 3 wt.%) and oil-prone type II kerogen. Organic matter is mature to overmature and hydrocarbon potential predisposes it as a source of gas. Aptian black claystones of the Veřovice Fm. are correlatable with oceanic anoxic event 1 (OAE1).     

东海西湖凹陷浙东中央背斜带烃源岩生排烃史研究

为了深化西湖凹陷浙东中央背斜带油气成藏过程的研究，优化勘探目标选择，在烃源岩特征分析的基础上，应用动态数值模拟技术，定量恢复了研究区主要烃源岩层系的生排烃历史，研究表明，浙东中央背斜带主要发育4套烃源岩系，其中始新统平湖组泥岩与煤层为主力烃源岩，具较高的有机质丰度=生烃强度与排烃效率，烃类排出具阶段性、多期次幕式排烃的特点汉平湖组为源岩的油气系统应是本区油气勘探的主要目标。