徐闻大井码头工程对流沙湾溻湖口门冲淤的影响

渴湖口门是渴湖动力结构体系的主要控制点,口门的变化将影响到渴湖系统的稳定性。为探究流沙湾渴湖口门南侧大井码头建设工程可能产生的冲淤影响,建立了潮流波浪泥沙数学模型开展研究。结果表明,该工程建设对口门冲淤及水动力影响较小,基本不会破坏渴湖动力结构体系。     

海南玉带滩障壁型海岸现代沉积特征及沉积演化

海南玉带滩是我国南海沿岸典型的障壁型海岸现代沉积场所之一。根据野外考察和室内分析,从沉积物的成分、结构、沉积构造等方面揭示了玉带滩障壁型海岸现代沉积特征。结果表明：玉带滩东侧为障壁岛海滩,沉积层序总体上表现为粒度向上变粗;中部为障壁岛沙丘,以中、粗粒石英砂为主,具平行层理、斜层理;西侧为障壁坪,以中、细砂沉积为主,夹杂一些贝壳碎片,层理构造比较明显。玉带滩西侧水体为河流作用明显强于潮汐作用的潟湖;河口沙坝发育或河流岩岛阻挡产生河汊是形成潟湖中冲积岛分布的主要原因;仅在潮汐通道外侧出现拦口沙坝堆积。现代沉积特征结合Google Earth卫星图像分析认为,该障壁型海岸沉积演化大致包括3个阶段：第一阶段,河流携带泥沙入海,在河口湾地区形成多级近新月型河口沙坝。第二阶段,由于后期水道延伸方向、水动力的不断变化,西侧河口沙坝出现合并并向冲积岛转化;在海岸拐弯处,以原有河口沙坝为主体,形成初期障壁沙坝,障壁沙坝西侧水体演变成潟湖。第三阶段,障壁岛西侧受河流冲刷作用影响,河口沙坝坝头几乎完全消失;障壁沙坝形成后,潟湖水面加宽,流速减小,河口沙坝增生合并,最终形成了三大冲积岛(沙坡岛、东屿岛、鸳鸯岛...     

潮滩冲淤监测方法与实时监测系统设计

分析了潮滩冲淤监测的几种常见方法,其中标志桩法、SET 和RSET法、沉降板法、人工示踪砂法、PEEP和PEEP-3T法、ALTUS 和ADV法等主要测量某点或某断面上的冲淤量,3S技术结合地形图或海图实现了大范围潮滩面上的冲淤变化测量.借鉴海洋、海岸实时监测系统的原理和实践经验,提出了潮滩冲淤实时监测系统的设计方案,该系统数据采集子系统包括潮滩高程、景观图像、地物光谱、气象和水动力等因子的数据综合采集,数据通过网络连接传输到实验室,以实现地貌变化和驱动因素的同步获得和综合分析,并通过地物光谱信息获取,为遥感数据解译提供基础资料.     

中东M油田Mishrif组碳酸盐岩储集层分类及主控因素

为揭示碳酸盐岩储层非均质性对开发生产的影响,以中东M油田白垩系Mishrif组生物碎屑灰岩为研究对象,基于岩心、铸体薄片、分析化验及生产测试等资料,通过地质成因—储层物性—生产动态相互标定,采用每米日产油和物性指标进行储层分类.结果表明:M油田白垩系Mishrif组储层划分为3类,Ⅰ类储层发育于高能浅滩,Ⅱ类储层发育于低能潟湖和高能浅滩,Ⅲ类储层主要发育于潟湖.储层特征受沉积作用和成岩作用综合控制,浅滩原始物性好,滩体顶部发生强溶蚀、弱胶结,储层孔渗同步提升,形成Ⅰ类储层;滩体下部以破坏性成岩作用为主,发生弱溶蚀、强胶结,降低储层物性,形成Ⅱ类储层.潟湖相岩石原始物性较低,沉积期生物扰动形成连通潜穴,为成岩流体提供运移通道,后期以建设性成岩作用为主,溶蚀作用和白云化作用在潜穴和基底形成大量铸模孔、晶间孔和生物体腔孔,有效改善岩石物性,形成Ⅱ类或Ⅲ类储层.该结果为中东厚层碳酸盐岩储层分类提供参考.     

黄河三角洲海岸冲淤及泥沙输运模型数值模拟分析

黄河三角洲是陆海交界地带,陆地海洋相互作用显著,泥沙所引起的岸滩演变、港口航道的淤积、水动力环境的改变等问题比较复杂。该文采用三维HEM-3D数值模型对黄河三角洲海域流场变化、盐度、悬浮泥沙浓度及海岸冲淤分布进行了潮流周期内的数值模拟分析。结果表明,黄河三角洲海域的悬浮泥沙浓度分布与潮流场变化和河口泥沙输入有密切的关系,在三角洲北部受五号桩外强潮流区的影响,近岸海底的泥沙发生明显的再悬浮,并在涨潮流向南输送,含沙量达1.5 g/L左右。在三角洲南部(现行河口区域和莱州湾区域),受现行河口入海泥沙扩散的影响显著。海域年冲淤分布,在北部废弃三角洲区域,由于海洋动力作用强烈,浅水冲刷,海底侵蚀显著,形成了明显呈沿岸展布的侵蚀中心,在侵蚀中心以外,侵蚀快速减弱。在现行河口区域,以淤积为主,在羽状流扩散的控制下,泥沙入海后向南输运,至莱州湾区域逐渐减弱。数值模拟的结果与卫星遥感解译的岸线变化基本一致,效果良好。     

珠江磨刀门河口枯季叶绿素a环境因子驱动分析

【目的】分析珠江磨刀门河口浮游植物叶绿素a及其驱动因子的潮周期变化,并揭示叶绿素a的环境影响机制。【方法】基于珠江磨刀门河口2017年枯季(1月13-20日)水文水质多要素同步观测数据,采用主成分分析(PCA)和结构方程模型(SEM)确定浮游植物叶绿素a与多个环境因子的关系并量化各因子的驱动作用。【结果】磨刀门水道浮游植物叶绿素a浓度变化范围为0.77～10.92μg/L,口门处变化为0.70～9.01μg/L,磨刀门河口动力驱动下浮游植物叶绿素a的潮周期差异显著。盐度、含沙量和氮磷营养盐亦随潮汐涨落差异显著,而水温无明显潮周期变化。【结论】外海水团对氮营养盐的稀释混合作用强于磷营养盐,而悬浮泥沙对磷营养盐的吸附作用强于氮营养盐。与氮营养盐相比,溶解态磷相对不足,限制磨刀门河口浮游植物的生长。径流(营养盐、悬沙等为代表)、潮流(盐度为代表)对河口浮游植物的影响机制不同,其中氮磷营养盐和水温起着直接作用,而悬沙和盐度间接影响浮游植物叶绿素a的变化。     

中期旋回格架沉积演化规律及其对渗透率差异的影响——以伊拉克M油田Asmari组A段为例

伊拉克M油田新近系Asmari组A段是以白云岩为主的孔隙型碳酸盐岩储层,储层较强的非均质性制约油田的高效开发。基于岩心、薄片、测井、阴极发光和物性等资料,研究Asmari组A段中期旋回格架内沉积演化规律及其对渗透率差异的影响。结果表明:M油田Asmari组A段沉积相主要为半局限台地相,沉积亚相以台内滩和潟湖为主;中期旋回适用于以台内滩为主的沉积体系;基于中期旋回界面,可划分为MSC1、MSC2和MSC3三期中期旋回。研究区处于长期旋回基准面下降半旋回早期,随长期旋回基准面的下降,中期旋回内沉积环境逐渐局限,沉积亚相由台内滩逐渐过渡为潟湖;纵向上,低渗—中渗段所占比例减少,特低渗段所占比例逐渐增多,表明中期旋回和长期旋回影响渗透率差异。该结果为优化M油田的新井地质设计提供参考。     

涠洲岛北东岸段冲淤状况调查及动力分析

文章根据广西海洋地质调查研究院2016年实测涠洲岛北东岸段有关地质资料和历史潮流、波浪、风暴潮、气象、海图、地形图等资料,将实测的海图与历史海图、实测地形岸线与历史地形图、不同时相的遥感影像进行对比,再结合面上调查等综合方法来阐述涠洲岛北东岸段冲淤状况,并对其冲刷淤积的影响因素进行分析。     

黄河落淤治理巨野煤田塌陷区可行性初探

巨野煤田自南向北呈条带状分布。北依黄河,南接万福河。洙水河、洙赵新河、郓鄄河、郓巨河等黄河支流倾斜穿过矿区,这为大面积利用黄河落淤治理沉陷地区提供了天然的运输河道和动力,通过合理疏通和开挖河道引流落淤并配合使用远距离输沙技术,将使巨野煤田恢复沃野千里成为可能。     

黄河三角洲的形成和演变

黄河每年有8×108～10×108t泥沙进入河口地区。由于黄河的受水盆地浅,区域上又位于构造强烈沉降区,进入河口地区的泥沙约有80%淤积在陆上及滨海地区,逐步形成了现代的黄河三角洲。通过RS与GIS综合对比和地质成因分析,可揭示整个三角洲在河流动力和海洋动力综合作用下的快速淤进、蚀退,河床抬高和尾闾改道等一系列演变,其中又以海岸带的演变最为明显。近几年,受黄河来水来沙量减少和人为加固堤坝等因素影响,河口地区造陆速度减缓,其他地区海岸带蚀退变慢,河床进一步抬高,整个三角洲基本处于淤蚀平衡状态。     

GEOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF Fe,Mn,Co,As,Cr,Sb,Zn,Sc AND V IN SURFACE SEDIMENTS FROM JIAOZHOU BAY

The contents of nearly forty-elements in surface sediments in Jiaozhou Bay were determined using a Neutron Activation Analysis Technique(Grancini,et al.,1976;Li Peiquan et al.,1985,1986;Li Xiuxia etal.,1986).This paper's detailed discussion on only nine elements(Fe,Mn,Co,Cr,Sc,As,Sb,Zn andV)includes their distributions,concentrations,correlationships,material sources,background,etc.Based on Zavaristski's classification method,Fe,Mn,Co Cr and V belong to the second group;As and Sb to theeighth groups:Sc and Zn to the third and sixth groups.It was found that their notably good correla-tionship is mainly due to the similarity of their ionic structures and that their variation is controlled by theFe content(except Mn).The source of sediments is mainly terristrial material,and the composition ofsediment is similar to that of shale and shale+clay.The contents for a large number of ele-ments are within the scope of the background level,but there still is pollution of Zn and Cr,at least in a few stations.     

贺兰山小松山基性-超基性杂岩体岩石地球化学特征

贺兰山小松山岩体的岩石地球化学研究表明，基性岩的Mg^#为0．71～0．76，接近原生岩浆的值，超基性岩的Mg^#为0．80～0．89，具有岩浆早期堆晶的特征，稀土总量∑REE为（13．03～82．66）×10^-6；δ（Eu）为1．08～1．61，具弱正异常；（La／Yb）N为2．49～5．24，（Ce／Yb）N为3．01～4．97，配分曲线表现为轻稀土相对富集的右倾型。微量元素配分曲线图表现为大离子亲石元素富集。岩石地球化学数据综合分析证明，该岩体产于板内拉张环境，岩体形成过程中经历了岩浆分离结晶作用，后期发生了同化混染，岩体具有寻找铬-铜-镍型岩浆矿床的潜力。     

Estimation of Age,Growth and Maturation of Purpleback Flying Squid,Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis,in Bashi Channel,Central Pacific Ocean

The age, growth and maturation of Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis were determined with statolith data collected with a light purse seine from the Bashi Channel of central Pacific Ocean. The estimated longevity of the squid was no more than 6 months for females, and no more than 5 months for males. Growth in mantle length(ML) was best described by logistic models for both females and males, while growth in body weight(BW) was best fitted by power curves. The maximum absolute growth rate(AGR) and instantaneous growth rate(IGR) in ML or BW both occurred at 91–105 days for females and 76–90 days for males. Back calculated hatching dates were from October to January, with a peak in December, although the short duration of sampling date might have had an influence on the result. The lower percentage of mature females(37.2%) suggested that the study area during the sampling date was not a spawning ground for the species. Size and age at first maturity were 183 mm ML and 136 days for females, whereas they were 156 mm ML and 85 days for males.     

Cloning, expressing, and hemolysis of tdh, trh and tlh genes of Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VP) is one of the pathogenic vibrios endangering net-cage cultured Pseudosciaena crocea,Fennerpenaeus chinensis, and shellfish in coastal areas of China. Several types of hemolysins produced by Vp have been characterized as major virulence factors.They are thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH),TDH-related hemolysin (TRH) and thermolabile hemolysin (TLH). In this study, we cloned tdh, trh, and tlh genes from the genome DNA of VP by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).We ligated the three genes into prokaryotic expression vector pET-28a (+),and transformed the recombinant plasmids into Es-cherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The expression of recombinant proteins was induced by isopropyl-β-D-thiogalacto-pyranoside (IPTG). The recombinant proteins were expressed in a form of inclusion bodies and thus purified with Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. Western blotting results showed that recombinant proteins,TDH, TRH and TLH, could be recognized by rabbit anti-VP serum. The three purified proteins were renatured by gradient dialysis.The renatured proteins exhibited hemolytic activity except for TLH in the presence of phosphatidylcholine. These results not only are helpful for better understanding these genes’ functions under a single factor level, but also provide evidence for VP vaccine engineering.     

Recruitment of postlarval prawns,Penaeus Orientalis,to a tidal estuary of Jiaozhou Bay,China

PostlarvalPenaeus orientalis kishinouye were simultaneously sampled at three fixed stations near the mouth of the Dagu River estuary in northwestern Jiaozhou Bay, China, at hourly intervals over a 49-h period in mid-June, 1984. The purpose of this sampling was to investigate the prawn’s recruitment into estuaries from coastal areas. The abundance of the postlarvae varied considerably between stations and time, but they tended to concentrate at the surface. Maximum entropy spectral analysis was first applied in the study of prawn recruitment and it revealed that variations in abundance involved a pronounced 12.4 hr cycle. It was concluded that natural tidal cycles had a strong influence on the changes of postlarval abundance, in contrast with the minor effects of diet and other environmental cycles. A tidally varying cross-river gradient of postlarval density was found. During flood tides the postlarvae were more abundant in the axis of the channel than over the banks. The opposite held true during ebb tides. Mechanisms of the postlarval recruitment are discussed in terms of alternating movements of the postlarvae between the banks and the channels in response to tidal cycles. Contribution No. 1485 from the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica     

Growth,reproduction & population structure of the freshwater crabSinopotamon yangtsekiense bott, 1967, from Zhejiang,China

Monthly investigations were mae on the population of Chinese freshwater crab,Sinopotamon yangtsekiense Bott, 1967 from April, 1984 to March, 1985. The data on 4413 specimens show that the growth was affected mainly by temperature. During the April to November growth period, the crabs' major development occurred from June through October. One year was required for a fine white oocyte to develop into a mature egg. The reproduction period was June–October. Females bearing eggs were taken from June–August, and crabs with young were found from July–October. The females reproduced once a year but could for more than one year. The number of eggs carried by a female varied greatly according to the size of the crab, ranging from 30 to 100 eggs. New-born crabs become mature after 1–2 years. The sex ratio was approximately 1∶1 in the overall population. However, the larger crabs are predominantly male. The age distribution ofS. yangtsekinese was estimated from size frequency histograms. There were more adult crabs (over 70%) from June to October and more immature crabs (over 50%) from November to May.     

Effects of small peptides,probiotics, prebiotics,and synbiotics on growth performance,digestive enzymes,and oxidative stress in orange-spotted grouper,Epinephelus coioides,juveniles reared in artificial seawater

Aquaculture production efficiency may increase by using feed additives. This study investigated the effects of different dietary additives [w/w: 2% small peptides, 0.01% probiotics( Bacillus licheniformis) and 0.2% prebiotics(inulin)] on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, and oxidative stress in juvenile Epinephelus coioides reared in artificial seawater of two salt concentrations(13.5 vs. 28.5). Weight gain rate was significantly higher in fish fed the diet supplemented with small peptides, B. licheniformis, inulin, or synbiotics than that in fish fed the basal diet; the greatest weight gain rate was found in fish fed the small peptide treatment [56.0% higher than basal diet]. Higher feed efficiency was detected in fish fed the diet supplemented with small peptides than that of fish in the other dietary treatments. Total protease activity in the stomach and intestines was highest in fish fed the small peptide-treated diet, whereas lipase activity was highest in those fed synbiotics(combination of Bacillus licheniformis and inulin) than that in fish fed the other treatments. Antioxidant enzyme(total superoxide dismutase and catalase) activities and hepatic malondialdehyde content were higher in fish receiving the dietary supplements and maintained in artificial seawater containing 13.5 salinity compared with those in the control(28.5). Hepatic catalase activity in grouper fed the diets with small peptides or synbiotics decreased significantly compared with that in control fish. Overall, the three types of additives improved growth rate of juvenile grouper and digestive enzymes activities to varying degrees but did not effectively improve antioxidant capacity under low-salinity stress conditions.     

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN FRACTIONATIONS OF Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn AND Ni AND SOIL PROPERTIES IN URBAN SOILS OF CHANGCHUN, CHINA

1IN T R O D U C T IO N With therapiddevelopment of urbanizatio,nurban land was exploitedand utilizetdoform differendtomains be- ing subjectto many potentialpollutionsourcessuch as vehicleemission, industrialactivitieasnd household garbage.Particularl, yur…     

(F,α,ρ,d)-凸性下多目标规划问题的对偶

在（F，α，ρ，d）-凸的基础上讨论了Wolfe向量对偶，并获得了弱对偶和强对偶定理。