汶川及彭州、都江堰市地区旅游资源开发前景初探

什邡县、彭州市、都江堰市、汶川县等地，分布着诸多的旅游景点，形成了一个特殊的集山景、水景、生景、气景和文景的旅游片区。根据景点的开发情况和地质地貌景象特征，可以划分为已开发旅游景区、待开发旅游景区、地学景观资源区三大类。本文对待开发旅游景区、地学景观资源进行了初步探讨。     

西南岩溶区生态旅游评价模型研究

西南岩溶区高品位旅游资源丰富且种类齐全,但其独特的岩溶地质环境对旅游开发建设、旅游接待经营响应十分敏感。本文立足于“人地共生”的生态旅游理念,以污染、风险、干扰、垄断四大指标为依据,选取了12项评价因子和5项修正指数,构建出PRIM标靶评价模型。通过该模型可计算出生态旅游指数进而定量化评价岩溶区旅游开发项目的生态旅游开发态势;还可根据四大指标在标靶模型中的收敛程度和极轴分布,判定评价目标所存在的主要问题及应采取的相应措施。笔者结合路南石林、桂林漓江和福建天鹅洞三个案例,对PRIM标靶评价模型进行验证,评价结果显示,路南石林、桂林漓江生态旅游指数稳定,属于标准的生态旅游景区,但垄断指标较高,后期需要调整旅游收入再分配比例;福建天鹅洞属于准生态旅游景区,在旅游安全措施、开发垄断等方面还存在不足,需要进一步完善。      

基于网络文本分析的洞穴景区游客感知形象研究——以贵州织金洞为例

洞穴旅游是最具特色的旅游活动之一,游客对洞穴景区旅游形象的认知直接影响游客满意度和忠诚度,对景区的营销和发展起到重要作用。以旅游网站上的点评、游记等网络文本为基础,采用ROST CM内容挖掘软件及内容分析法,对贵州织金洞旅游形象进行了分析,主要研究结论如下:①40篇游记样本与2591条点评样本中提取出232条高频词汇,频次排在前60位的词汇表明游客的主要关注点集中于织金洞自然景观;高频词汇的语义网络矩阵以“织金洞”、“溶洞”为核心,其他特征词向周围发散状,关联词汇的关系强度表明织金洞中规模宏伟、造型奇特的岩溶景观给游客留下了深刻的印象。②旅游形象属性主类目中涉及旅游景观的高频特征词最多,其次是旅游服务与管理、旅游设施;形态各异、独具特色的岩溶景观是织金洞最大的特点,洞穴内灯光效果对游客游览有最为直接的影响。③游客积极情绪的词汇出现的频次所占比例达81.85%,消极情绪的词汇出现的频次不到10%。      

黄河壶口瀑布国家地质公园旅游资源评价

作者对黄河壶口瀑布国家地质公园四个景区旅游资源的特征分别进行了细致的描述, 并对公园各景区旅游资源进行了评价。评价采用定性评价和定量评价的方法。在定性评价中, 从美、古、奇、名、特、用等方面进行了评价。在定量评价方面, 采用了层次分析法, 选取旅游地中的旅游资源、资源环境条件等作为评价对象, 建立相应的评价模型, 对旅游资源的特点及其开发作出评价和鉴定, 划分了四个景区的等级, 并详细分析其结果, 从而揭示了该公园旅游资源的潜力和吸引力, 为该其旅游资源的规划和开发提供了理论依据。     

龙虎山风景名胜区峨眉峰景区的发现及其意义

本文对鹰潭市龙虎山风景名胜区峨眉峰景区作了概略介绍,同时对整个名胜区的旅游环境、旅游资源进行了分析评价,最后指出了对该景区发掘的意义及开发利用的初步设想。     

蛇蟠岛野人洞景区某危岩体地质灾害风险分析与防治对策

我国山地旅游资源丰富。随着山地旅游资源的快速发展,山地旅游区地质灾害频发。以浙江省蛇蟠岛国家矿山公园野人洞景区某危岩体为例,在进行现场工程地质调查的基础上,根据2016年度该景区统计的客游量计算得出该研究区属于发生地质灾害高风险区的结论,并提出了“可绿化的加锚钢筋混凝土板与浆砌块石混合体”的防治对策。这对于其它山地景区的同类问题具有一定参考价值。     

滇中富民县宝石洞旅游地质特征与成景机制探讨

滇中富民县宝石洞岩溶地下河洞穴景观系统规模适中,洞内岩溶景观千姿百态,洞中有宝（玛瑙）,洞外有优美的生态环境和多元民族宗教文化以及潜在的温泉资源,加上优越的交通区位,旅游要素集群度较高,具较高开发价值。文章根据宝石洞地区区域地质背景,分析了该地区区域地史演化特征,根据本次对宝石洞的实地探测成果,总结了宝石洞旅游地质特征,再结合前人对成景机制的探讨,从岩性、构造、水文地质、古地理和成景时代五个方面探讨了宝石洞景区的成景机制,指出多期次断层（破碎带）共同控制了宝石洞景观空间格局,岩溶作用始于燕山晚期,喜山期是宝石洞岩溶地下河洞穴系统的主要成景期,并对宝石洞中产出的宝石（玛瑙）成因作了初步的推断解释。     

黄果树风景名胜区旅游环境容量研究

选择我国典型的喀斯特风景名胜区— — 黄果树景区为例,通过分析主要制约因子,定量研究了该景区的旅游环境容量。研究表明,黄果树风景区的空间环境容量为21 933人次/日,生态环境容量为51 354人次/日,经济环境容量为98 716人次/日。空间环境容量成为制约景区提高接待规模的主要限制因子,平日一般不会出现超载的问题,周末存在局部超载的情况,而在黄金周等旅游高峰期,接待规模远远超出其旅游环境容量,景区常常出现整体性超载。针对这些问题,作者提出了游客分流、及时发布旅游接待信息以及加强未成熟景区的开发等措施,以缓解黄果树景区的旅游环境容量问题。      

湖南省旅游地质资源与深度开发的建议

由多种地质营力造成的许多名山大川，奇峰秀水，怪洞多崖，均属自然景观类的旅游地质资源，它们与丰富的人文景观资源相匹配，构成了信以神往的“旅游胜地”。本文较详尽的阐述了湖南省“东边一条线”、“西边一大片”旅游资源的多姿多彩和良山大川九嶷山，湄江等极具深度开发价值的重点景区及相关建议。     

福建太姥山龙潭洞地质环境与景观资源特征

论述了福建太姥山龙潭洞所在地域的自然地理、区域地质及环境地质条件，并对龙潭洞的形态规模、形成机制及景观资源特点进行讨论，为龙潭洞旅游资源的开发利用及总体规划设计提供参考依据。     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

硅酸盐中铁、锰、钛、钙、钾、磷、硅、铝、镁、钠、锶、铷、钡的X-射线荧光光谱定量测定

本文介绍样品经四硼酸锂熔融制成玻璃小饼。采用Lachance模式和理论a系数来校正元素间的效应,由3080E型X-射线荧光谱仪和DF-350B数据处理系统完成硅酸盐中十三个项目的测定。     

硅酸盐类样品中硅、铁、铝、钛、锰、钙、镁、钾、钠和磷的x射线荧光光谱测定

本文拟定了一种以熔融法制备样片,用X射线荧光光谱测定硅酸盐类样品中Si、Fe、Al、Tj、Mn、Ca、Mg、K、Na、P等元素的分析方法。在对不同靶材X光管和分光晶体实验对比的基础上,选择了最佳的测量条件。该法具有快速、准确,测量范围广,检测限低,价格便宜等优点。经过近百个各种类型标样或管理样品的分析对比表明,本法不仅适用于硅酸盐类岩石样品的分析,还适用于铁矿、铝土矿、碳酸盐类岩矿样品以及水泥、耐火材料等样品的分析。     

Viscous, cohesive, non-Newtonian, depositing, radial slurry flow

Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance.     

Mountains,nations, parks,and conservation

Between 1985 and 1991, two new mountain protected areas (MTNPA) covering more than 35,000 km² and based on participatory management models — the Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal, and Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Autonomous Region — were successfully established through the collaborative efforts of Woodlands Mountain Institute and conservationists in China and Nepal. Characteristics common to both projects include the importance of establishing (1) effective rationales, (2) local support constituencies, (3) a senior advisory group, (4) a task force, (5) linkages between conservation and development, and (6) fund raising mechanisms. The lessons derived from the experiences of Woodlands Mountain Institute are of significant value to others in preserving MTNPA. Increased collaboration and communication between all interested in conservation, however, will remain a critical component for expanding mountain protected area coverage to throughout the world.     

Regional distribution of Al,B, Ba,Ca, K,La, Mg,Mn, Na,P, Rb,Si, Sr,Th, U and Y in terrestrial moss within a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region: influence of geology,seaspray and human activity

Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km² area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population).     

NEW SET OF LOW CONCENTRATION STANDARDS FOR LA, CE, SM, YB, LU, Y, SC, V, NB AND TA IN SILICATES

We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses.