鄂尔多斯盆地陕北地区长7砂岩储层成岩相特征研究

在大量样品测试数据与野外地质调查综合分析的基础上, 对长7储层岩石学特征、物性、孔隙结构、成岩作用、成岩阶段和成岩相等进行了研究。结果表明: 研究区长7储层处于中成岩A~B期。压实作用及碳酸盐、粘土(高岭石、伊利石、伊蒙混层)矿物胶结和硅质胶结作用是造成储层原生孔隙丧失的主要原因; 绿泥石胶结抑制孔隙充填, 长石溶蚀作用使孔隙间的连通性得到改善, 储层物性得到提高。根据成岩作用类型、强度及其对储层物性的影响划分出6种成岩相, 其中压实相、碳酸盐胶结相、粘土矿物胶结相、石英加大相、浊沸石充填相不利于储层的发育, 而长石溶蚀相、绿泥石膜胶结相对储层物性改善起了重要作用。     

惠州凹陷东部珠海组储层碱性成岩作用及孔隙演化

根据铸体薄片、扫描电镜、粒度分析、X衍射等资料,对惠州凹陷东部珠海组储层的岩石学特征、成岩作用和孔隙演化过程进行分析研究。研究认为,惠州凹陷东部珠海组储层的岩石类型以岩屑砂岩、长石质岩屑砂岩、岩屑质石英砂岩和岩屑质长石砂岩为主,结构成熟度与成分成熟度较低。砂岩埋藏过程中经历了明显的碱性成岩作用:石英的溶蚀与交代、碳酸盐矿物胶结、伊利石和绿泥石的沉淀以及钠长石化等。碱性成岩作用对孔隙的影响包括:石英溶蚀形成次生溶孔、碳酸盐胶结物沉淀损失粒间孔隙、黏土矿物沉淀形成晶间微孔。研究区珠海组主要发育粒内溶孔和粒间溶孔,原生孔隙较少。储层现今处于中成岩阶段A期,早期经历了强烈的压实作用,使其孔隙度由原始孔隙度32.1%降低至8.8%。早成岩阶段为碱性成岩环境,石英溶蚀增孔约0.5%;碳酸盐、硫酸盐、伊利石等胶结物沉淀减孔约2.3%。中成岩阶段A期为酸性成岩环境,硅质、高岭石等胶结物沉淀减孔约1.2%;长石、岩屑等溶蚀增孔约4.3%。最终,储层演化至现今孔隙度10.1%。     

Diagenesis and reservoir quality analysis in the Lower Cretaceous Qishn sandstones from Masila oilfields in the Sayun–Masila Basin,eastern Yemen

Lower Cretaceous sandstones of the Qishn Formation have been studied by integrating sedimentological, petrological and petrophysical analyses from wells in the Masila oilfields of eastern Yemen. These analyses were used to define the origin, type of diagenesis and its relation to reservoir quality. The sandstones of the Qishn Formation are predominately quartz arenite to subarkose arenite with sublitharenite and quartz wackes displaying a range of porosities, averaging 22.33%. Permeability is likewise variable with an average of 2844.2 mD. Cementation coupled with compaction had an important effect on porosity destruction after sedimentation and burial. The widespread occurrence of early calcite cement suggests that the sandstones of the Qishn Formation lost significant primary porosity at an early stage of its diagenetic history. In addition to poikilotopic calcite, several different cements including kaolinite, illite, chlorite and minor illite–smectite occur as pore‐filling and pore‐lining cements, which were either accompanied by or followed the development of the early calcite cement. Secondary porosity development occurred due to partial to complete dissolution of early calcite cements and feldspar grains. The new data presented in this paper suggest the reservoir quality of Qishn sandstones is strongly linked to their diagenetic history; hence, the reservoir quality is reduced by clay minerals, calcite and silica cements but is enhanced by the dissolution of the unstable grains, in addition to partial or complete dissolution of calcite cements and unstable grains. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

成岩作用对河流-三角洲相砂岩储层物性演化的影响--以延长油区上三叠统延长组长2砂岩为例

延长油区上三叠统长 2地层河流相-三角洲相砂岩储层的物性明显受埋藏-成岩作用事件的影响。埋藏压实作用是导致砂岩孔隙丧失的主要原因,造成的平均孔隙度丧失为 17.8%。其中黑云母的早期成岩蚀变是造成原生孔隙丧失的一个重要原因。胶结作用造成的平均孔隙度丧失为 7.1%。其中碳酸盐胶结物和次生石英加大是造成砂岩物性降低的主要胶结物。碎屑颗粒周围绿泥石薄膜的存在阻止了一部分石英次生加大及碳酸盐胶结物的沉淀,使一部分原生粒间孔隙得以保存。晚期成岩阶段有机质分解形成的酸性流体及表生成岩作用阶段的大气降水是形成次生孔隙的主要原因,从而使长 2砂岩的物性得到改善     

鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区延长组长4+5低渗透储层成因

碎屑岩储层成岩作用复杂而强烈,对储层物性有着重要影响。应用岩相学研究方法,在对鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区延长组长4+5低渗砂岩储层成岩作用及其对物性影响定量研究基础上,探讨了低渗储层成因机理。成岩作用和孔隙演化研究表明,压实作用虽然造成12%～20%的孔隙度损失,但是压实后剩余孔隙度仍高达15%～23%,早期胶结作用使孔隙度损失很小,压实作用和早期胶结作用并没有使储层致密,不影响油气渗流。溶蚀作用进一步改善了储层,晚成岩阶段A期-B期形成的钠长石、亮晶方解石、白云石、自生高龄石和铁绿泥石等大量胶结物的晚期胶结作用使储层孔隙度仅有4%～6%,储层因此而致密,由此影响油气渗流。晚期裂隙作用对储层孔隙度贡献为6%～8%,改善了储层物性而使其成为有效储层。盆地演化及与之对应的成岩事件研究认为,印支运动前,姬塬地区长4+5储层处于浅埋藏阶段,经历压实作用和早期胶结作用,早-中侏罗世长 7烃源岩进入未成熟-低熟阶段,形成富含有机酸流体进入储层而发生溶蚀作用,早白垩世中-晚期进入深埋藏成岩阶段,晚期胶结物大量形成而使储层致密。生烃增压作用导致的裂隙以及晚白垩世以来的构造运动形成的裂缝对研究区长4+5有效储层形成具有非常重要意义,同时对低渗油气藏勘探也具有指导意义。     

内蒙古林西地区晚二叠世林西组碎屑岩成岩作用及其对储层物性的影响

通过薄片鉴定、扫描电镜以及岩石物性分析等方法,对内蒙古林西地区晚二叠世林西组碎屑岩成岩作用及其对储层物性的影响进行了系统研究,结果表明该地区林西组地层碎屑岩成岩作用主要为压实作用、胶结作用、交代作用及溶蚀作用。砂岩胶结物主要为黏土矿物、硅质矿物及碳酸盐矿物3种,其中黏土胶结物出现最多,以伊利石为主,绿泥石次之;碳酸盐胶结物以方解石为主;硅质胶结主要表现为石英次生加大和自生微晶石英。有机质镜质体反射率(Ro)、泥岩伊利石/蒙皂石(I/S)中的S(%)含量、石英次生加大级别、颗粒接触类型、伊利石结晶度等多项数据指标显示林西地区林西组碎屑岩处于晚成岩阶段。储层物性与成岩作用密切相关,压实作用、胶结作用使储层孔隙度和渗透率降低;溶蚀作用使储层孔隙度提高。     

鄂尔多斯盆地旬邑地区三叠系延长组长9储层成岩作用及成岩相

通过铸体薄片、扫描电镜、高压压汞等方法对鄂尔多斯盆地旬邑地区三叠系延长组孔隙演化,并对储层成岩相进行划分。结果表明：旬邑地区长9 储层主要以长石砂岩和岩屑长石砂岩为主。压实作用及胶结作用是造成储层物性变差的主要原因,压实作用造成孔隙度降低约15.5%,胶结作用造成孔隙降低约13.6%。溶蚀作用对储层孔隙改善不明显,仅增加孔隙度约为1.98%。通过分析影响储层物性的主要成岩作用,综合实验测试数据将长9储层划分为4种成岩相：绿泥石膜-粒间孔相、长石溶孔-粒间孔相、碳酸盐致密胶结微孔相及塑性岩屑压实致密相等。其中绿泥石膜-粒间孔相、长石溶孔-粒间孔相为有利的成岩相带,主要分布在砂体中部区域。     

鄂尔多斯盆地合水地区长6储层成岩作用与有利成岩相带

鄂尔多斯盆地合水地区长6储层主要为长石岩屑砂岩,平均孔隙度8.68%,平均渗透率0.15×10-3μm2,属于典型的低孔特低渗透储层。储层经历了压实作用、胶结作用、交代作用、溶蚀作用的改造,目前处于晚成岩阶段A期。在成岩作用研究的基础上,通过大量的岩心观察、薄片鉴定、扫描电镜等方法及测井曲线特征研究,进行了单井成岩相分析,进而编制成岩相平面分布图。将研究区辫状河三角洲前缘砂体划分出4个成岩相带:压实相、碳酸盐胶结相、绿泥石膜剩余孔相和绿泥石膜剩余孔—长石溶蚀相。其中,有利储层主要分布在主砂体的绿泥石膜剩余孔相和绿泥石膜剩余孔—长石溶蚀成岩相带上。根据试油资料,处于该有利相带的井一般日产油大于10t/d。     

文昌A凹陷珠海组低渗砂岩成岩特征与孔隙演化

基于薄片鉴定分析、扫描电镜、物性分析、X射线衍射分析、碳酸盐碳氧同位素分析等实验手段, 研究文昌A凹陷珠海组低渗砂岩储层岩石学特征和成岩作用特征, 通过定量化分析, 评价压实、胶结、溶蚀作用对储层孔隙演化的影响, 实现成岩相预测及储层分类评价.结果表明:（1）研究区珠三南断裂带以岩屑砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩为主, 中、粗砂岩含量高; 6号断裂带以长石岩屑砂岩和岩屑石英砂岩为主, 细砂岩含量高.储集空间以次生溶孔为主, 物性变化大, 纵向及平面均表现出明显的分带性.（2）机械压实造成珠海组原生粒间孔隙大量丧失; 含铁碳酸盐、自生伊利石、硅质胶结等使粒间孔进一步减少, 早期绿泥石则能抑制石英次生加大; 溶蚀作用使深部储层物性得以改善, 研究区珠海组发育两个次生溶蚀带.成岩相预测结果表明, 发育厚层粗粒级砂岩的水下分流河道是研究区的有利储集相带.（3）通过孔隙演化定量分析, 认为成岩作用对粗粒砂岩和细-中粒砂岩的孔隙度演化的影响具有差异性.      

姬原西部延长组长61储层成岩作用与成岩相特征

针对姬原油田西部区块长6_1储层物性差、非均质性强、成岩作用较复杂的问题,文章通过铸体薄片、扫描电镜和物性资料分析手段,对其成岩作用和成岩相进行了研究。研究区以岩屑长石砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩为主,孔隙类型以残余原生粒间孔和次生溶蚀孔为主。主要的成岩作用有压实、胶结、溶蚀和交代作用。其中,压实作用和胶结作用是原生孔隙降低的主要原因,溶蚀作用形成的次生孔隙在一定程度上改善了储层物性。通过成岩作用、储层物性和沉积相综合研究,划分出了4种主要的成岩相:弱压实—强溶蚀相;中等溶蚀—硅质胶结—高岭石充填相;中等压实—弱溶蚀相和强压实—碳酸盐胶结相。最后结合储层常规测井特征对各成岩相在剖面上分布规律、组合模式进行分析表明,研究区长6_1储层在剖面上的岩相组合模式主要有侧向封堵式、同心环式和纵向互层式。     

Diagenetic evolution of the volcaniclastic deposits: an example from Neoproterozoic Dokhan Volcanics in Wadi Queih basin,central Eastern Desert,Egypt

Wadi Queih basin hosts a ～2,500-m thick Neoproterozoic volcanoclastic successions that unconformably lie over the oldest Precambrian basement. These successions were deposited in alluvial fan, fluviatile, lacustrine, and aeolian depositional environments. Diagenetic minerals from these volcaniclastic successions were studied by X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, and analytical electron microscopy. The diagenetic processes recognized include mechanical compaction, cementation, and dissolution. Based on the framework grain–cement relationships, precipitation of the early calcite cement was either accompanied or followed by the development of part of the pore-lining and pore-filling clay cements. Secondary porosity development occurred due to partial to complete dissolution of early calcite cement and feldspar grains. In addition to calcite, several different clay minerals including kaolinite, illite, and chlorite with minor smectite occur as pore-filling and pore-lining cements. Chlorite coating grains helps to retain primary porosity by retarding the envelopment of quartz overgrowths. Clay minerals and their diagenetic assemblages has been distinguished between primary volcaniclastics directly produced by pyroclastic eruptions and epiclastic volcaniclastics derived from erosion of the pre-existing volcanic rocks. Phyllosilicates of the epiclastic rocks display wider compositional variations owing to wide variations in the mineralogical and chemical compositions of the parent material. Most of the phyllosilicates (kaolinite, illite, chlorite, mica, and smectite) are inherited minerals derived from the erosion of the volcanic basement complex, which had undergone hydrothermal alteration. Smectites of the epiclastic rocks are beidellite–montmorillonite derived from the altered volcanic materials of the sedimentary environment. Conversely, phyllosilicate minerals of the pyroclastic rocks are dominated by kaolinite, illite, and mica, which were formed by pedogenetic processes through the hydrothermal influence.     

陕北地区延长组长10_1储层成岩作用与成岩相

通过大量野外地质调查、钻井岩心观察和室内分析测试,对陕北地区长101储层的成岩作用和成岩相进行了研究。结果表明,研究区长101储层处于中成岩A期阶段,压实作用与碳酸盐、粘土(高岭石、伊利石)矿物胶结、浊沸石胶结和硅质胶结作用是造成储层原生孔隙丧失的主要原因;绿泥石胶结抑制孔隙充填,长石、浊沸石矿物的溶蚀作用使孔隙间的连通性得到改善,储层物性得到提高。成岩相类型可划分为8种,优质储层与成岩相关系密切,其中压实相、碳酸盐胶结相、粘土矿物胶结相、石英加大相、浊沸石充填相不利于储层的发育,而长石溶蚀相、绿泥石膜胶结相、浊沸石溶蚀相对储层物性的改善具有重要作用。     

高邮凹陷南坡真武—曹庄地区戴南组砂岩成岩作用及其对储层性质的影响

在详细岩心观察描述的基础上, 利用铸体薄片、扫描电镜、压汞分析、X-射线衍射、埋藏史-热史模拟等多种分析测试手段, 对戴南组砂岩成岩作用特征进行了详细研究, 发现砂岩储层主要经历了压实、胶结、溶蚀和交代作用, 自生胶结物主要有高岭石等粘土矿物、铁碳酸盐、石英、长石及硬石膏等, 发生溶蚀则主要为长石和岩屑, 戴南组地层现今主要处于晚成岩的A期.戴南组砂岩储层主要受压实作用、高岭石胶结、铁碳酸盐胶结、石英次生加大及溶蚀作用的影响, 发育塑性组分溶蚀成岩相和高岭石充填成岩相的储层性质往往较好, 是有利的油气储集带; 而发育压实-充填成岩相和碳酸盐胶结成岩相的储层孔渗性能很差, 多为致密储层.      

内蒙古索伦地区中二叠统哲斯组碎屑岩成岩作用及其对储层物性的影响

利用薄片确定砂岩类型、扫描电镜观察碎屑岩微观特征并划分成岩阶段以及对岩石储层进行物性测试分析等方法,系统地探究了内蒙古索伦地区中二叠统哲斯组碎屑岩成岩作用及其对储层物性的影响。研究表明该地区砂岩胶结物有钙质胶结物、硅质胶结物、黏土矿物胶结物和凝灰质胶结物,其中钙质胶结物多为方解石,硅质胶结主要表现为石英次生加大,黏土胶结物以伊利石为主,凝灰质胶结物在该地区出现较少。地化数据显示哲斯组泥岩有机质镜质体反射率值(Ro)在2%~4%之间、最高热解温度(T_(max))490℃、伊利石/蒙皂石(I/S)的蒙皂石层15%;薄片镜下观察发现碎屑颗粒间以线接触为主,扫描电镜观察石英次生加大级别为Ⅲ—Ⅳ级。综合分析确定内蒙古索伦地区哲斯组碎屑岩处于晚成岩阶段B期—C期。压实和胶结作用一定程度上降低砂岩的孔隙度和渗透率;而溶蚀溶解作用提高砂岩的孔隙度和渗透率。     

Diagenesis in the Middle Jurassic Khatatba Formation sandstones in the Shoushan Basin,northern Western Desert,Egypt

The Middle Jurassic Khatatba Formation acts as a hydrocarbon reservoir in the subsurface in the Western Desert, Egypt. This study, which is based on core samples from two exploration boreholes, describes the lithological and diagenetic characteristics of the Khatatba Formation sandstones. The sandstones are fine‐ to coarse‐grained, moderately to well‐sorted quartz arenites, deposited in fluvial channels and in a shallow‐marine setting. Diagenetic components include mechanical and chemical compaction, cementation (calcite, clay minerals, quartz overgrowths, and a minor amount of pyrite), and dissolution of calcite cements and feldspar grains. The widespread occurrence of an early calcite cement suggests that the Khatatba sandstones lost a significant amount of primary porosity at an early stage of its diagenetic history. In addition to calcite, several different cements including kaolinite and syntaxial quartz overgrowth occur as pore‐filling and pore‐lining cements. Kaolinite (largely vermicular) fills pore spaces and causes reduction in the permeability of the reservoir. Based on framework grain–cement relationships, precipitation of the early calcite cement was either accompanied by or followed the development of part of the pore‐lining and pore‐filling cements. Secondary porosity development occurred due to partial to complete dissolution of early calcite cements and feldspar. Late kaolinite clay cement occurs due to dissolved feldspar and has an impact on the reservoir quality of the Khatatba sandstones. Open hydraulic fractures also generated significant secondary porosity in sandstone reservoirs, where both fractures and dissolution took place in multiple phases during late diagenetic stages. The diagenesis and sedimentary facies help control the reservoir quality of the Khatatba sandstones. Fluvial channel sandstones have the highest porosities and permeabilities, in part because of calcite cementation, which inhibited authigenic clays or was later dissolved, creating intergranular secondary porosity. Fluvial crevasse‐splay and marine sandstones have the lowest reservoir quality because of an abundance of depositional kaolinite matrix and pervasive, shallow‐burial calcite and quartz overgrowth cements, respectively. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组长6油层组储集层成岩作用及其影响因素

鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长6油层组储集层是受沉积作用和成岩作用共同控制的典型低孔低渗储集层.长6油层组储集层主要为长石砂岩、岩屑长石砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩.盆地北部砂体具有长石含量高和石英含量低的特点,西南地区具有长石含量低、石英含量高和杂基含量高的特点.储集空间以剩余粒间孔和次生溶蚀孔为主.主要成岩作用类型有压实作用、胶结作用...     

珠江口盆地惠州凹陷文昌组砂岩孔隙定量演化模式--以HZ-A地区辫状河三角洲储层为例

珠江口盆地惠州凹陷HZ-A地区文昌组沉积一套重要的辫状河三角洲相的砂岩储层,现今埋深超过3 500 m.基于岩石薄片、阴极发光、X衍射、扫描电镜及储层物性等资料,对HZ-A地区文昌组砂岩储层特征、成岩作用和孔隙度演化进行了详细研究,采用孔隙度参数演化的定量分析方法,建立了储层孔隙度定量演化模式.研究表明,文昌组储层岩石类型以岩屑砂岩为主,成分成熟度和结构成熟低;储集层目前正处于中成岩A2阶段,先后经历了压实、早期胶结、溶蚀作用和晚期胶结作用.强烈的机械压实及晚期胶结作用对物性破坏性最大,酸性溶蚀是改善储层物性的唯一成岩因素.储层初始孔隙度约35.1%,持续性的埋藏压实导致原生孔隙减少15.4%,早期胶结减少孔隙3.4%,之后酸性流体进入发生溶蚀增孔7.2%,晚期胶结作用损失孔隙度11.5%,其中以黏土胶结和碳酸盐胶结为主,结果形成低孔低渗储层.     

鄂尔多斯盆地苏77、召51区块山23段储层成岩演化及成岩相研究

以鄂尔多斯盆地苏77、召51区块山_2~3段储层为例,利用测井资料,岩心资料和铸体(普通)薄片、扫描电镜、X-衍射及压汞等实验,对储层基本特征、成岩作用特征、成岩相类型及平面展布特征进行研究。结果表明:储层岩石类型以石英砂岩和岩屑石英砂岩为主,成分成熟度较高,结构成熟度较低,物性低孔-特低渗。成岩作用以中等-强压实、中等-强胶结及强溶蚀为主,处于中成岩B期。依据成岩作用强度、典型自生矿物和孔隙类型,划分出4种成岩相。优势沉积微相与有利成岩相密切相关,分布于边滩或河道砂坝主砂带上的中等压实-石英弱加大-粒间孔-溶蚀相属最有利成岩相带,中等压实-中等-强伊利石、高岭石胶结-晶间孔-溶蚀孔相次之。     

The effects of diagenesis on the reservoir characters in sandstones of the Late Cretaceous Pab Formation,Kirthar Fold Belt,southern Pakistan

The Maastrichtian Pab Formation in the southern part of Pakistan is composed of fine- to very coarse-grained texturally mature quartz arenite and subordinate sublitharenite varieties. The sandstones have undergone intense and complex diagenetic episodes due to burial and uplift. Diagenetic modifications were dependent mainly on the clastic composition of sandstone, burial depth and thrust tectonics. Diagenetic events identified include compaction, precipitation of calcite, quartz, clay minerals and iron oxide/hydroxide, dissolution and alteration of unstable clastic grains as feldspar and volcaniclithic fragments as well as tectonically induced grain fracturing. The unstable clastic grains like feldspar and lithic volcanic fragments suffered considerable alteration to kaolinite and chlorite. Dissolution and alteration of feldspar and volcanic lithic fragments and pressure solution were the main sources of quartz cements. Mechanical compaction and authigenic cements like calcite, quartz and iron oxide/hydroxide reduced the primary porosity, whereas dissolution of clastic grains and cements has produced secondary porosity. Chlorite coatings on clastic grains have prevented quartz cementation. Coarse-grained, thick bedded packages of fluviodeltaic, shelf delta lobe and submarine channels facies have higher average porosity than fine-grained, thin bedded and bioturbated sandstone of deeper shelf and abyssal plain environments and these facies are concluded to be possible future hydrocarbon prospects.     

孔隙衬里绿泥石的成因及对储层性能的影响

孔隙衬里绿泥石发育的砂岩大多属于优质储层,前人将其归功于绿泥石对孔隙的保护作用。按照孔隙衬里绿泥石形成的铁质来源,可划分为同沉积黏土膜转化型、富铁镁物质溶蚀再结晶型和转化与直接结晶混合型3种类型。通过国内外富孔隙衬里绿泥石砂岩实例的对比研究表明,孔隙衬里绿泥石可以通过抑制自生石英生长、提高抗压实能力、指示早期碱性溶蚀发育程度和堵塞孔喉等4种方式影响储层性能,且不同成因的孔隙衬里绿泥石对储层性能影响方式不同,同一成因绿泥石在不同成岩阶段的影响方式也不同。中成岩A期以前,转化型孔隙衬里绿泥石通过占据孔喉和提高抗压能力影响储层,而溶蚀结晶型孔隙衬里绿泥石主要指示火山物质发生碱性溶蚀的程度;只有砂岩成岩阶段达到中成岩B期以后,孔隙衬里绿泥石对石英生长的抑制作用才得到充分体现。