德国泥盆纪生物礁的基本特征

德国泥盆纪的层孔虫十分繁盛，不同形态、不同规模的层孔虫礁体广泛发育于台地内部、台地边缘和深海盆地内的火山周日。块状层孔虫是主要的造礁生物，四射珊瑚也参与了造礁，但数量极少。礁区岩相分异明显，盆地相、礁前相、礁核相和礁后泻湖相清晰可辨。部分礁体，如布瑞隆环礁显示清楚的初殖、拓殖、繁殖和衰亡四个演化阶段。层孔虫礁的主要繁盛期为吉维特期－弗拉斯期。德国泥盆纪生物礁的基本特征类似于加拿大同时期的生物礁，但在德国泥盆纪的礁灰岩杂体内至今尚未发现有经济价值的石油和天然气。这可能与莱茵海西地槽复杂的地质发展史有关。     

德国泥盆纪生物礁的基本特征

德国泥盆纪的层孔虫十分繁盛，不同形态，不同规模的层孔虫礁体广泛发育于台地内部，台地边缘和深海盆地内的火山周围。块状层孔虫是主要的造礁生物，四射珊瑚也参与了造礁，但数量极少。礁区岩相分异业显，盆地相，礁前相，礁核相和礁后泻湖相清晰可辨。部分礁体，如布瑞降礁显示清楚的初殖，拓殖，繁殖和衰亡四个演化阶段。层孔虫礁的主要繁盛期为吉维特期－弗拉斯期。德国泥盆纪生物礁的基本特征类似于加拿大同时期的生物礁，但在     

华南泥盆纪生物礁演化及其控制因素

通过对华南泥盆纪生物礁现有资料和作者获得的实际材料的分析研究,编制了华南早、中、晚泥 盆世生物礁分布图。华南泥盆纪生物礁最早出现在埃姆斯晚期,分布层位由西南向北东逐渐上升。华南泥盆纪 生物礁分布和演化具有 3方面的特征：(1)不同类型生物礁演化差异很大：浅水礁变化最大,台缘礁变化次之, 深水礁几乎没有变化;(2)主要造礁生物随时间演替明显：床板珊瑚 （ 埃姆斯期）→床板珊瑚、四射珊瑚和层 孔虫 （ 艾菲尔期）→层孔虫和四射珊瑚 （ 吉维特期）→层孔虫 （ 弗拉期）→菌藻类 （ 法门期） ;(3)生物礁数 量和规模在吉维特期出现峰值。研究表明：华南泥盆纪生物礁的发育受区域和全球性因素的共同制约,其中温 度、大气中 CO₂ 分压 （ P_CO2）和植被-森林生态系等全球性因素对华南泥盆纪生物礁有重要影响。     

藏北安多东巧地区晚侏罗世生物礁古生态学研究

安多东巧地区上侏罗统沙木罗组主要为一套潮坪相碎屑及台地相碳酸盐沉积,其中的特征沉积是发育有生物礁。造礁生物主要为层孔虫,其次为珊瑚,其中,层孔虫又可以分为筒状、块状和枝状3种宏观形态。在对造礁生物的个体生态学分析基础上,根据其组合特征,将生物礁划分为3个造礁群落,分别是Milleporidium—Cladocorops...     

层孔虫的形态及其指相意义

层孔虫是一类底栖固着的海洋生物,从寒武纪晚期到白垩纪地层中都有分布,但最盛时期是泥盆纪,不但属种数量急剧增加,而且分布亦很广泛。由于层孔虫本身对环境介质极其敏感,不同的环境可以有不同的形态,因而可以成为判断沉积环境的标志。一、层孔虫的各种形态根据对湘中、西秦岭等地泥盆纪大量层孔虫属种骨骼分析和统计,层孔虫的各种形态大致可以分为几类: 1.块状层孔虫类常见的有柱状、球状、半球状(图1)。它们的个体范围变化很大,小者十几厘米,大者可达数米。它们在大多数情况下可以坚固地附着海底向上生长,具有较强的抗浪性和造礁能力。     

广西黎塘孤立台地吉维特阶-法门阶碳酸盐台地生态系到菌藻生态系的演变及其意义

自泥盆纪埃姆斯期, 广西受陆内裂陷影响, 形成碳酸盐台地与台沟间列的构造格局.吉维特期开始, 六景及相邻的黎塘一带逐渐形成孤立台地的沉积背景.吉维特期, 六景剖面的民塘组为以竹节石为特色的礁前斜坡生态系, 尽管目前没有出露生物礁, 从礁前角砾岩可以恢复曾经存在的礁生态系.而黎塘一带塘家湾组为以珊瑚、层孔虫、腕足类为主要特色的台地生态系.弗拉斯期, 六景剖面的谷闭组则为少量珊瑚、腕足、层孔虫为特色的局限-半开放台地生态系.黎塘一带的桂林组仍为以珊瑚、层孔虫、腕足类为主要特色的台地生态系.六景、黎塘地区自法门期开始发生生态系突变, 六景剖面的融县组和黎塘一带的东村组发育藻礁丘或藻席为特色的藻生态系.该生态系的突变是F-F生物群集绝灭造成的生物类群突变的结果.生态系的特征也与吉维特-弗拉斯期烃源岩的形成、演化密切相关.      

古生代层孔虫的生态特征

<正> 古生代尤其是泥盆纪层孔虫是重要的造礁生物,研究它的古生态及与生物礁之间的关系十分重要。近二十多年来,随着国际上在一些生物礁内发现了许多重要的油气藏和礁控多金属矿产之后,对生物礁的研究越来越引起人们的重视。我国南方生物礁发育,分布广泛。为了解层孔虫的古生态特征,对生物礁的有关概念简述如下:     

塔里木盆地奥陶系生物礁的分布及特征

<正> 塔里木盆地生物礁目前主要发现于轮南、塔中、巴楚等地区(图1),层位集中于中奥陶统的一间房组、上奥陶统的吐木休克组和良里塔格组,并以一间房地区的生物礁发育最完整。初步研究结果认为,生物礁主要呈长条状分布于两种沉积环境:(1)碳酸盐台地向台地斜坡过渡的台地边缘环境;(2)碳酸盐台地内的地形由平坦向较陡处转折的地带。造礁生物的含量可达30%以上,上奥陶统中主要有海绵、苔藓虫、层孔虫、珊瑚、托盘类、蓝绿藻、管孔藻等。中国以往仅有在陕西渭河以北地区、浙赣交界地区和湖北地区发现奥陶系生物礁的报道,本次发现结束了塔里木盆     

西藏安多县东巧晚侏罗世生物礁的发现

首次发现西藏安多县东巧地区晚侏罗世生物礁,造礁生物以层孔虫和六射珊瑚为主,其中,层孔虫可分为枝状、筒状和块状三种类型,它们多以原地生长状态保存.礁岩石学特征研究表明,礁岩可分为筒状-枝状层孔虫障积岩、枝状层孔虫障积岩、筒状层孔虫障积岩、筒状-块状层孔虫障积-骨架岩和筒状层孔虫-六射珊瑚障积-骨架岩.礁体类型可分为筒状-枝状层孔虫障积岩隆礁、枝状层孔虫障积岩隆礁、筒状层孔虫障积岩隆礁、筒状-块状层孔虫障积-骨架岩隆礁和筒状层孔虫-六射珊瑚障积-骨架岩隆礁,礁体的演化均经历了奠基阶段、发育阶段和衰亡阶段.     

层孔虫研究进展与展望

层孔虫(stromatoporoid)一词由德国地质学家Goldfuss在1826年创立,因其表面呈纹层状而得名。层孔虫属于海绵动物,是一类营群体生活的海洋底栖固着生物,形态多样,大小从几厘米至数米不等,通常生活在温暖、清澈、盐度正常和光照条件好的浅海中,常与珊瑚、藻类共生而形成生物礁,是重要的造礁生物之一。层孔虫起源于早奥陶世,繁盛于泥盆纪,进入石炭纪基本消失,但在晚三叠世复又出现,并于晚侏罗世得到进一步发展,最终在早白垩世末彻底灭绝。本文在回顾总结了层孔虫研究历史与研究现状,指出层孔虫的研究历史大体经历了零星研究阶段(1826—1950年)、系统研究阶段(1951—1971年)和集成创新阶段(1972年至今),主要介绍了层孔虫的形态与构造、系统分类、起源与演化、生物间的共生关系和层孔虫在古环境重建中的应用,在此基础上提出了目前层孔虫研究中存在的3个主要问题: 缺少明确、完善且统一的生物分类方案;起源的时代存在争议,演化过程中存在奇怪的“间断”现象,早石炭世至晚三叠世的地层中未见相关化石记录;与各种共生生物之间的关系不甚清楚。层孔虫在古生物学的研究中是不可缺少的一个门类,它的各种形态、习性特征在恢复古地理、重建古环境的过程中具有重要意义。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of