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融合多源遥感数据的黑河中游地区生长季早期作物识别

在生长季早期获取作物的种植情况,对于农业水资源管理,尤其是缺水地区的水量分配等具有重大的意义。本文利用改进型时空自适应融合模型（ESTARFM）,将作物生长早期3—6月的Sentinel 2影像与MOD09GQ数据计算得到的NDVI数据进行融合,建立NDVI时间序列,并利用随机森林分类方法对2019年黑河流域中游地区作物种植结构进行早期识别。利用3-6月Sentinel-2 NDVI与时空融合NDVI相结合建立的时间序列,作物分类精度达到91.42%,kappa系数为0.85,相比仅使用Sentinel-2 NDVI时间序列的作物分类精度提高1.05%,kappa系数提高0.02。与使用整个作物生长期（3—10月）Sentinel-2 NDVI时间序列的作物分类结果相比,精度仅低1.53%,kappa系数仅低0.03。利用Gini系数对利用Sentinel-2 NDVI与时空融合NDVI相结合建立的时间序列进行特征重要性评估,发现Gini系数得分高于平均值的10期NDVI影像中,有6期为时空融合影像,说明时空融合获取的NDVI数据利于提高分类精度的有效性。对比使用不同长度NDVI时间序列对作物种植结构进行早期识别的精度发现,最早可在4月中旬与4月下旬分别实现对苜蓿和玉米的早期识别;玉米的分类精度受NDVI时间序列长度的影响较大,可在5月下旬实现对玉米的早期识别。     

InSAR在云南德钦县一中河泥石流物源汇集及失稳模式中的探究

针对传统方法难以定量描述大尺度泥石流形成机理的问题,提出一种联合SAR卫星影像相位信息和后向散射信息全面识别泥石流发育机制的方法,并使用该方法探究云南省德钦县一中河泥石流物源汇集及失稳模式.通过后向散射系数反演研究区土壤含水量的时空变化趋势,利用升降轨Sentinel-1 A数据获取坡表二维形变.结果表明,研究区土壤含...     

Estimation of suspended sediment concentrations using Pulse-coherent Acoustic Doppler Profiler （PCADP）

The objective of the study is to investigate the suitability of using Pulse-coherent Acoustic Doppler Profiler (PCADP) to estimate suspended sediment concentration (SSC). The acoustic backscatter intensity was corrected for spreading and absorption loss, then calibrated with OBS and finally converted to SSC. The results show that there is a good correlation between SSC and backscatter intensity with R value of 0.74. The mean relative error is 22.4%. Then the time span of little particle size variation was also analyzed to exclude the influence of size variation. The correlation coefficient increased to 0.81 and the error decreased to 18.9%. Our results suggest that the PCADP can meet the requirement of other professional instruments to estimate SSC with the errors between 20% and 50%, and can satisfy the need of dynamics study of suspended particles. Supported by National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program, No. 2008AA09Z113)     

随机森林方法支持的复杂地形区土地利用/土地覆被分类研究

随机森林方法目前已经成为遥感分类机器学习中一种有效方法,探索基于中等分辨率的Landsat卫星数据与随机森林方法相结合对复杂地形区长时间序列数据的获取及土地利用/土地覆被变化及模拟研究是非常有意义的。本文基于Landsat8OLI卫星多光谱数据,采用随机森林分类方法对青海省湟水流域复杂地形区土地利用类型进行了分类研究。针对复杂地形区域的情况,将研究区进行地理分区,根据每个分区的特点,选择相应的地形特征参数,并通过提取Landsat 8数据的光谱信息与纹理信息构建最优特征集,探索随机森林方法在复杂地形区土地利用分类的适用性。结果表明：使用Landsat8OLI数据进行随机森林分类,能较好地得到湟水流域复杂地形区域的土地利用类型结果;光谱、地形及纹理信息的结合在不同分区的表现结果不同。在脑山区光谱与地形信息结合能使随机森林分类效果最佳,总体精度达到91.33%,Kappa系数为0.886;而在浅山区与川水区综合考虑光谱、地形、纹理信息进行随机森林分类效果最佳,浅山区与川水区总体精度分别达到92.09%和87.85%,Kappa系数分别为0.902和0.859;利用随机森林算法进行优化选择纹理特征组合可以在保证分类精度的同时能够快速地提取土地利用类型信息,为复杂地形区土地利用类型的区分提供了实际可行的方法。     

三亚热带雨林环境植被和地表能量空间分布特征

遥感地表能量信息通过空间分布及变化趋势体现生态系统要素的格局、状态、质量,客观反映城市生态系统的状态,是度量区域生态系统要素生态过程的重要内容。本文以三亚市热带雨林植被环境的地表能量综合响应特征和作用、影响关系特征为基础,采用植被指数分级、地表能量分级和植被-能量关系等指标,结合雨林垂直分带和植被分布信息,探讨近30年（1987-2016年）不同时期热带雨林环境的水平地带性、垂直地带性及其时空变化特征。结果表明：①近30年三亚市域植被覆盖比例维持在90%左右,植被指数分级构成以高、中数值分布为主,并呈现整体趋高态势。②各级地表能量分布比例的波动幅度在10%之内,中等地表能量级别范围呈现向低地表能量区域扩展趋势。③随着海拔高度的提升,植被指数高数值的热带雨林分布比例增加,地表能量值降低。④热带雨林的地表能量和植被指数的时空分布稳定性均高于人工植被。本文基于遥感地表能量综合响应特征和作用、影响关系特征建立的指标评价体系,可以为热带雨林生态系统的量化评价提供支持。     

Forest biodiversity assessment in Peruvian Andean Montane cloud forest

Cloud forests are unusual and fragile habitats, being one of the least studied and least understood ecosystems. The tropical Andean dominion is considered one of the most significant places in the world as regards biological diversity, with a very high level of endemism. The biodiversity was analysed in an isolated remnant area of a tropical montane cloud forest known as the "Bosque de Neblina de Cuyas", in the North of the Peruvian Andean range. Composition, structure and dead wood were measured or estimated. The values obtained were compared with other cloud forests. The study revealed a high level of forest biodiversity, although the level of biodiversity differs from one area to another: in the inner areas, where human pressure is almost inexistent, the biodiversity values increase. The high species richness and the low dominance among species bear testimony to this montane cloud forest as a real enclave of biodiversity.     

THE TROPICAL RAINFOREST VEGETATION IN XISHUANGBANNA

The tropical rainforest in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province of China, is introduced in detail in this paper. Situated at the northern margin of tropical mainland SE Asia and controlled by monsoon climate, the region has been climatically at the lower limits for tropical rainforests, however true tropical rainforests exist and develop luxuriantly in the region. The reasons for this are discussed. In general phytocoenological characteristics such as vertical stratification, life form spectrum, species riches etc. the tropical rainforest in Xishuangbanna is very similar to the typical tropical rainforest in equatorial region, but it is characterized by a clear change of physiognomy between different season. As occurred at the latitudinal and altitudinal limits of tropical rainforest, the flora of the rainforest is endowed with the nature of northern margin of tropical zone of SE Asia and is transitional toward the flora of subtropical forest of China. In recent years the region has been opened up to use in a     

A simple method to extract tropical monsoon forests using NDVI based on MODIS data: A case study in South Asia and Peninsula Southeast Asia

Distribution of monsoon forests is important for the research of carbon and water cycles in the tropical regions. In this paper, a simple approach is proposed to map monsoon forests using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI) derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS) data. Owing to the high contrast of greenness between wet season and dry season, the monsoon forest can be easily discriminated from other forests by combining the maximum and minimum annual NDVI. The MODIS-based monsoon forest maps(MODMF) from 2000 to 2009 are derived and evaluated using the ground-truth dataset. The MODMF achieves an average producer accuracy of 80.0% and the Kappa statistic of 0.719. The variability of MODMF among different years is compared with that calculated from MODIS land cover products(MCD12Q1). The results show that the coefficient of variation of total monsoon forest area in MODMF is 7.3%, which is far lower than that in MCD12Q1 with 24.3%. Moreover, the pixels in MODMF which can be identified for 7 to 9 times between 2001 and 2009 account for 53.1%, while only 7.9% of MCD12Q1 pixels have this frequency. Additionally, the monsoon forest areas estimated in MODMF, Global Land Cover 2000(GLC2000), MCD12Q1 and University of Maryland(UMD) products are compared with the statistical dataset at national level, which reveals that MODMF has the highest R2 of 0.95 and the lowest RMSE of 14 014 km2. This algorithm is simple but reliable for mapping the monsoon forests without complex classification techniques.     

EMD用于GPS时间序列降噪分析

针对GPS位置时间序列噪声成分复杂、建模困难、噪声与信号难以有效分离等特点,用自适应信号分析方法经验模态分解（EMD）对中国区域9个IGS站时间序列的N、E、U方向作降噪处理。首先对各方向分量作EMD分解,获取各方向噪声强度依次降低的一系列本征模态分量及其趋势项;其次利用相关系数辨别出噪声与信号的分界本征模态分量,并按重构方法重构各本征模态分量;最后用相关系数、信噪比、能量百分比等参数评价EMD方法降噪的有效性。结果表明,EMD方法能合理地分离序列中的信号与噪声,有效削弱噪声对GPS位置时间序列的影响,进一步提高GPS位置时间序列的精度。     

Comparison of stem taper models for the four tropical tree species in Mount Makiling,Philippines

This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of six stem taper models on four tropical tree species, namely Celtis luzonica (Magabuyo), Diplodiscus paniculatus (Balobo), Parashorea malaanonan (Bagtikan), and Swietenia macrophylla (Mahogany) in Mount Makiling Forest Reserve (MMFR), Philippines using fit statistics and lack-of-fit statistics. Four statistical criteria were used in this study, including the standard error of estimate (SEE), coefficient of determination (R ²), mean bias \(( \bar E )\), and absolute mean difference (AMD). For the lack-offit statistics, SEE, \(\bar E\) and AMD were determined in different relative height classes. The results indicated that the Kozako2 stem taper model offered the best fit for the four tropical species in most statistics. The Kozako2 model also consistently provided the best performance in the lack-of-fit statistics with the best SEE, \(\bar E\) and AMD in most of the relative height classes. These stem taper equations could help forest managers and researchers better estimate the diameter of the outside bark with any given height, merchantable stem volumes and total stem volumes of standing trees belonging to the four species of the tropical forest in MMFR.