一种推广的互功率谱模态识别法及其在SHM问题中的应用

详细推导了多自由度结构多测点加速度响应的互功率谱模态矩阵展开式。进而给出了未知激励条件下基于各测点加速度响应互功率谱的频域多参考点模态识别法,同文献相比,该法适用于更广范围的激励条件。在频域平均法的辅助下,对ASCE SHM Benchmark问题的解析模型仿真加速度响应数据进行识别,结果表明该法有较好的识别精度,是一个有望应用于在线监测环境下的模态识别算法。     

高层房屋建筑深基坑支护承压结构局部抗震性试验分析

为了研究地震时地面运动加速度作用下高层房屋建筑深基坑支护承压结构的局部抗震性能,针对高层房屋建筑深基坑支护承压结构进行局部抗震性试验分析.采用有限元软件对某高层房屋建筑深基坑工程进行分析,构建高层房屋建筑深基坑支护承压结构有限元计算模型.利用地震模拟振动台,分别输入0.4g、0.5g、0.6g的地震时地面运动加速度,测...     

基于卡尔曼滤波的振动台子结构试验方法研究

振动台子结构试验是一种有效的实时结构混合试验方法,持续受到国内外学者的关注。利用振动台和其它加载装置进行联合加载,从而提升和扩展振动台的加载能力,实现大比例甚至足尺结构试验的目的。基于主动质量驱动器(AMD)加载方法的振动台子结构试验中,在试验子结构和数值子结构完全拆分的情况下,无论采用位移PID还是三参量控制,在界面加速度输入情况下AMD系统在3～5 min后会产生失稳现象,通过调整控制增益、对加速度反馈信号进行滤波无法消除这种现象。在加速度传感器噪声的影响下,子结构试验系统无法保持长期稳定,通过数值仿真表明现有的时滞补偿算法也无法消除这种失稳现象。考虑这种情况,将卡尔曼滤波引入界面加速度的量测环节,通过整体结构模型求得的界面加速度对实测界面加速度进行修正,从而提升了振动台子结构试验的系统稳定性和试验精度。数值仿真结果表明,通过设置合理的卡尔曼滤波参数,可以抑制加速度传感器随机噪声对子结构试验精度的影响,系统时滞稳定性也得到显著改善。文中的研究结果为振动台子结构试验的成功实施提供了一种可行的解决方案。     

拱型结构振动控制的研究

本文将控制技术运用到拱型结构的振动控制中,运用单点和多点控制方法,将主动控制力表为位移,速度和加速度的线性函数,在频域内探讨了拱型结构某些关键部位加速度频率响应随地面运动频率变化情况,研究了主动控制参数对加速度响应的影响,并对带有主动控制装置的拱型结构在随机激励作用下的响应进行了分析,对拱型结构的振动控制给出了一些有益的看法。     

黏滞阻尼器连接的两相同毗邻结构的动态响应分析

为了研究由黏滞阻尼器连接的两相同结构建筑在底部加速度激励下的动态特性,以谐波激励模拟地面加速度,导出耦合系统的运动微分方程,并求解了相对位移和绝对加速度。利用参数法分析激励频率、质量比和刚度比对耦合建筑响应特性的影响。推导出无阻尼系统最佳参数和相应响应的解析表达式。通过研究发现,黏滞阻尼器能够有效控制同结构相邻建筑的动态响应。对于给定的结构和激励,阻尼器的阻尼系数存在最优值能够使谐波激励下的地震动峰值响应最小。耦合结构的阻尼比对最佳阻尼器阻尼没有明显影响,因此所提出的无阻尼结构的解析表达式可用于耦合结构。     

多点输入下大跨空间索结构的非平稳响应分析

将非平稳地面运动的加速度表示为零均值的平稳随机函数乘以调制函数的形式,借助于虚拟激励法,解决了计算量与精度的矛盾,计算了大跨空间索结构的随机地震响应,即时变加速度功率谱和时变位移方差,比较分析了多点和一致2种输入方法下索结构非平稳响应的差异及多点输入下结构平稳和非平稳响应的差异,并且分析了视波速、结构跨度和阻尼比等因素的影响。通过分析可以看出虚拟激励法对于分析大跨度空间索结构的非平稳随机地震响应是非常适合的,而且是高效的。     

基础隔震结构对随机激励的响应分析

利用过滤白噪声地震动模型，对基础隔震结构进行了随机反应分析。建立了基础隔震结构的运动方程，推导了基础隔震结构位移、加速度对地面随机激励的传递函数表达式，计算了隔震结构与非隔震结构的均方根反应比值。讨论了基础隔震结构主要参数对结构反应的影响。     

随机地震动场多点激励下宽幅大跨桥梁结构地震响应研究

为了研究随机地震动场多点激励作用下宽幅大跨桥梁结构的地震响应,基于二维相干模型,考虑地震波非平稳性合成桥址各支承点的人工地震加速度时程波,采用多项式拟合法在时域内对各支承点处的人工合成加速度波进行校正,并对校正前后加速度波的响应谱进行比较校验;随后以某大跨自锚式悬索桥为例,利有限元软件中线性时程分析模块,将所合成的加速度地震波施加于结构,对比研究一致激励与随机地震动多点激励下宽幅大跨桥梁结构的地震响应。分析表明,考虑二维相干和地震波非平稳性合成的各支承点地震加速度时程波可采用多项式拟合法进行基线漂移现象的校正,同时应对修正前后加速度波的反应谱进行比较校验;对于大跨且横桥向支承点相距较远的桥梁结构应考虑横桥向地震波的非一致性。     

地铁运行引起的地面振动实测及传播规律分析

对地铁线路某区间段的地面振动进行实测,采集不同测线和不同测点处的水平方向、竖直方向加速度,并转化为傅里叶幅值谱对其进行衰减规律分析。利用公式将加速度记录换算为振级和分频振级,参照相关的国家标准分析不同距离处的振级和频率成分。对比同一加速度记录中的两对开方向列车引起的地面振动,进一步分析振动衰减的规律。所得到的结果可供地面建筑的隔振减振及城市轨道的规划和设计参考。     

随机结构分析的扩阶系统方法(Ⅱ)——结构动力分析

本文论述随机结构系统在确定性时程激励下的分析方法。文中提供的扩阶系统动力方程的一般公式,适用于同时具有随机质量、随机阻尼、随机刚度参数的多自由度动力系统。文中并对此扩阶动力方程建议了基于线性加速度假定的递归聚缩算法。     

An off-and-towards-equilibrium strategy for vibrational control of structures

Traditional control strategies have difficulty handling nonlinear behavior of structures, time variable features and parameter uncertainties of structural control systems under seismic excitation. An off-and-towardsequilibrium （OTE） strategy combined with fuzzy control is presented in this paper to overcome these difficulties. According to the OTE strategy, the control force is designed from the viewpoint of a mechanical relationship between the motions of the structure, the exciting force and the control force. The advantage of the OTE strategy is that it can be used for a variety of control systems. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed strategy, the seismic performance of a three-story shear building with an Active Tendon System （ATS） using a Fuzzy Logic Controller （FLC） is studied. The main advantage of the fuzzy controller is its inherent robustness and ability to handle any nonlinear behavior of structures. However, there are no design guidelines to set up the corresponding control rule table for a FLC. Based on the proposed strategy for the FLC, a control rule table associated with the building under study is developed, which then allows formation of a detailed algorithm. The results obtained in this study show that the proposed strategy performs slightly better than the linear quadratic regulator （LQR） strategy, while possessing several advantages over the LQR controller. Consequently, the feasibility and validity of the proposed strategy are verified.     

An active mass damper designed using ARX models of a building structure

This study proposes a new design method for an active mass damper (AMD) that is based on auto‐regressive exogenous models of a building structure. The proposed method uses the results of system identification in the field of active structural control. The uncontrolled structure is identified as auto‐regressive exogenous models via measurements under earthquake excitation and forced vibration. These models are linked with an equation of motion for the AMD to introduce a state equation and output equation for the AMD–structure interaction system in the discrete‐time space; the equations apply modern control theories to the AMD design. In the numerical applications of a 10‐degree‐of‐freedom building structure, linear quadratic regulator control is used to understand the fundamental characteristics of the proposed design procedure. The feedback control law requires the AMD's acceleration, velocity and stroke; the structure's acceleration; and the ground acceleration as vibration measurements. The numerical examples confirm the high applicability and control effectiveness of the proposed method. One remarkable advantage of the proposed method is that an equation of motion for the structure becomes unnecessary for designing controllers. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Predictive optimal control for seismic analysis of non-linear and hysteretic structures

In this paper, an effective active predictive control algorithm is developed for the vibration control of non-linear hysteretic structural systems subjected to earthquake excitation. The non-linear characteristics of the structural behaviour and the effects of time delay in both the measurements and control action are included throughout the entire analysis (design and validation). This is very important since, in current design practice, structures are assumed to behave non-linearly, and time delays induced by sensors and actuator devices are not avoidable. The proposed algorithm focuses on the instantaneous optimal control approach for the development of a control methodology where the non-linearities are brought into the analysis through a non-linear state vector and a non-linear open-loop term. An autoregressive (AR) model is used to predict the earthquake excitation to be considered in the prediction of the structural response. A performance index that is quadratic in the control force and in the predicted non-linear states, with two additional energy related terms, and that is subjected to a non-linear constraint equation, is minimized at every time step. The effectiveness of the proposed closed-open loop non-linear instantaneous optimal prediction control (CONIOPC) strategy is presented by the results of numerical simulations. Since non-linearity and time-delay effects are incorporated in the mathematical model throughout the derivation of the control methodology, good performance and stability of the controlled structural system are guaranteed. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Optimal hybrid control of structures under earthquake excitation

Optimal control of base-isolated and non-base-isolated buildings subjected to earthquake excitation is considered. The control force at any instant is determined on-line through minimizing a quadratic time-dependent performance index based on the total energy imparted to the structure and the control effect. This control algorithm is based upon the use of discrete actuators and sensors that exert the control force and monitor the response of the building. Having constant gain matrices makes this algorithm efficient and easy to implement. The effect of time delay on the efficiency of the algorithm is investigated. Comparisons have been made to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

不规则高层结构基于新型电磁惯性质量阻尼器的半主动控制

为了研究新型电磁惯性质量阻尼器(Electromagnetic Inertial Mass Damper,EIMD)应用于偏心高层结构振动控制工程的可行性,鉴于半主动控制技术的优点,基于LQR主动控制算法,提出一种可行的EIMD-偏心高层结构半主动控制策略,同时研究EIMD在结构每层中安装位置不同对于控制偏心高层结构扭转反应的影响。以一个实体24层偏心高层结构作为研究对象验证地震作用下所提控制策略的有效性,仿真结果表明:(1)所提半主动控制策略基本能够达到主动控制对于结构振动反应分量的控制效果;(2)当采用半主动控制策略时,调整EIMD的安装位置对于偏心高层结构转角和转角加速度反应有着较好的控制效果。     

Study of a semi‐active stiffness damper under various earthquake inputs

Semi‐active stiffness damper (SASD) is one of many semi‐active control systems with the capability to mitigate the dynamic response using only a small amount of external power. The system consists of a hydraulic damper connected to the bracing frame in a selected story unit. In this paper, study of a SASD in two building models of five‐stories under four benchmark earthquake records is reported. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the control system against structure type and varying earthquake inputs. Various control laws are chosen to work with SASD, such as: resetting control, switching control, linear quadratic regulator (LQR) and modified LQR, and the results are compared with no control and passive control cases. Numerical results show that the use of a SASD is effective in reducing seismic responses. Control effectiveness is dependent on the type of structure and earthquake excitation. Passive control is less effective than other control cases as expected. Resetting control, switching control and LQR generally perform similarly in response reduction. While modified LQR is more efficient and robust compared with other control algorithms. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Closed‐form solution for seismic response of adjacent buildings with linear quadratic Gaussian controllers

Closed‐form solution for seismic response of adjacent buildings connected by hydraulic actuators with linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) controllers is presented in this paper. The equations of motion of actively controlled adjacent buildings against earthquake are first established. The complex modal superposition method is then used to determine dynamic characteristics, including modal damping ratio, of actively controlled adjacent buildings. The closed‐form solution for seismic response of the system is finally derived in terms of the complex dynamic characteristics, the pseudo‐excitation method and the residue theorem. By using the closed‐form solution, extensive parametric studies can be carried out for the system of many degrees of freedom. The beneficial parameters of LQG controllers for achieving the maximum response reduction of both buildings using reasonable control forces can be identified. The effectiveness of LQG controllers for this particular application is evaluated in this study. The results show that for the adjacent buildings of different dynamic properties, if the parameters of LQG controllers are selected appropriately, the modal damping ratios of the system can be significantly increased and the seismic responses of both buildings can be considerably reduced. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Genetic algorithm based LQR vibration wireless control of laminated plate using photostrictive actuators

A photostrictive type of opto-electromechanical actuator activated by high-energy lights can introduce actuation and control effects without hard-wired connections.This paper addresses the controllability aspect in wireless vibration control of plate structures via photostrictive actuators.A modal force index,which has taken into account the mode number,the spatial distribution,and the dimension of the actuator,is chosen as an objective function to determine the optimal locations of photostrictive actuators.A linear methodology is proposed in this paper and the vibration equation is written in the standard state-space form.A binary-coded GA based combined optimal placement and LQR(linear quadratic regulator) control scheme has been incorporated,which maximizes the modal force index,the closed loop damping and minimizes input light intensity to the actuators.In the present method only three weighting factors have been used to search optimal Q and R matrices using GA,which reduces chromosome length and hence minimizes computational time.Numerical results demonstrate that the use of strategically positioned actuator patches can effectively control the fundamental modes that dominate the structural vibration.     

Road vehicle-induced vibration control of microelectronics facilities

A hybrid control platform is investigated in this paper to mitigate microvibrations to a group of vibration-sensitive equipment installed in a microelectronics facility subject to nearby road vehicle-induced horizontal and vertical ground motions. The hybrid control platform, on which microelectronics equipment is installed, is mounted on a building floor through a series of passive mounts and controlled by hydraulic actuators in both horizontal and vertical directions. The control platform is an elastic body with significant bending modes of vibration, and a sub-optimal control algorithm is used to manipulate the hydraulic actuators with actuator dynamics included. The finite element model and the equations of motion of the coupled platform-building system are then established in the absolute coordinate to facilitate the feedback control and performance evaluation of the platform. The horizontal and vertical ground vibrations at the base of the building induced by nearby moving road vehicles are assumed to be stationary random processes. A typical three-story microelectronics building is selected as a case study. The case study shows that the vertical vibration of the microelectronics building is higher than the horizontal. The use of a hybrid control platform can effectively reduce both horizontal and vertical microvibrations of the microelectronics equipment to the level which satisfies the stringent microscale velocity requirement specified in the Bolt Beranek & Newman (BBN) criteria.     

具有地震抑制功能的结构主动控制算法与仿真分析

提出了一种具有地震抑制功能的结构抗震主动控制算法。其特点是设计一组状态反馈控制律，使得闭环结构系统在具有希望极点的同时，还能够减小结构地震输人的影响。首先，在特征结构配置参数化方法的基础上，将该控制问题转化为一个含有约束条件的优化问题；其次，给出了求解该问题的算法及实施步骤，该方法直接基于结构系统原始矩阵，不涉及系统的增广或变换，便于工程应用；最后，对地震作用下三层剪切型Benchmark结构模型进行了仿真分析，结果表明本文所提具有地震干扰抑制功能算法的有效性。